黑尾鱼央肌肉营养成分分析与营养学评价

<正>黑尾鱼央(Liobagrus nigricauda Regan)属鲇形目(Siluriformes)、鱼央科(Liobagrus)鱼类,广泛分布于长江上游干流及中游湖泊[1]。黑尾鱼央肉质细嫩、味道鲜美,深受当地消费者的喜爱。有关黑尾鱼央的研究较少,且主要集中在分类、形态、生物学和遗传等方面[1-3],有关其肌肉营养成分的研究未见报道。     

半刺厚唇鱼肌肉营养成分分析

<正>半刺厚唇鱼Acrossocheilus hemispinushemispinus(Nichols)隶属于鲤科(Cyprindae)、鲃亚科(Barbinae)、光唇鱼属(Acrossocheilus),分布于湘江、资水、沅水、澧水[1]及福建省闽江、九龙江、交溪、霍童溪等水系[2-3]。个体不大,体色灰绿,背暗腹淡,各鳍棕黄色[1]。虽然其鱼卵有毒[4],但其肌肉对人体无害,且肉质细嫩,味道鲜美,深受当地消费者喜爱。人工繁殖技术已于2010年取得成功[5],突破了产业化开发的一个重要瓶颈问题。     

瓣结鱼肌肉营养成分分析

瓣结鱼[Tor(Foliter)brevifilis brevi-filis Peters]隶属于鲤形目理科鲃亚科结鱼属,广泛分布于我国长江及其以南各水系[1],是一种中型淡水经济鱼类,肉质较好,肉味鲜美。到目前为止,尚未对瓣结鱼进行人工驯养,有关瓣结鱼含肉率及肌肉营养成分研究也未见报道。1材料与方法瓣结鱼于2004年10月分别采自贵州清水江、都柳江,共20尾。体长175.0～312.0mm,体重100.0～685.0g,为2～5龄鱼。捕获后,吸干体表水分,测量体长,称重,并鉴定年龄。依每尾鱼体重的不同,称取体侧头后至尾柄的肌肉40～100g,剪碎、并保存于-10℃冰箱中备用。水分含量:恒温烘干…     

小裂腹鱼肌肉营养成分分析与营养评价

<正>小裂腹鱼(Schizothorax parvus Tsao)隶属于鲤形目、鲤科、裂腹鱼亚科、裂腹鱼属、弓鱼亚属。迄今为止,仅在金沙江水系支流之一的漾弓江部分流域中发现有此鱼。其自然分布狭小,数量稀少。该鱼为中国云南特有鱼类,肉质细嫩、味道鲜美,十分受当地居民欢迎,加之此鱼资源量稀少,更被视为珍稀名贵鱼[1]。但目前对其研究仅在于生物学特性和人工繁殖、胚胎发育和食性方面,在肌肉营养成分方面还未有研究。本研究采     

异齿裂腹鱼肌肉营养成分及评价

<正>异齿裂腹鱼(Schizothorax o, connori)隶属于鲤形目,鲤科,裂腹鱼亚科,裂腹鱼属,俗称欧氏弓鱼,副裂腹鱼,异齿弓鱼,地方名为棒棒鱼[1],是一种我国特有的高原冷水性鱼种,分布于雅鲁藏布江中上游干支流及附属水体中[2]。当地藏胞受宗教文化影响,一般不食用鱼类,但近年来由于受内地饮食文化影响和游客大量涌入,该鱼已成为雅鲁藏布江沿线地区的一道特色     

斑鰶鱼肉蛋白质氨基酸组成分析及评价

<正>斑鰶鱼(Clupanodom punchtatus)属鲱形目鲱科鰶属,为暖水中、上层小型鱼类,分布于印度、朝鲜、日本及中国沿海。斑鰶鱼具有很强的再生能力,资源丰富且不会因捕获而资源枯竭;但其个体小,多细小骨刺,口感差,脂肪含量高,易氧化变质,限制了其加工适应性。目前关于低值水产品及加工下脚料髙值化利用研究已有较多报道[1-3],但对斑鰶鱼的报道很少[4]。为了合理利用斑鰶鱼,本研究分析其蛋白质构成和氨基酸组分,旨在为合理充分利用提供实验依据。     

圆斑星鲽鱼的营养成分分析

圆斑星鲽(Verasper variegates Temmincket Schegel)属鲽形目(Pleuronectiformes)、鲽科(Pleuronectidae)、星鲽属(Verasper),主要分布在我国北部的黄渤海及日本九州、朝鲜海域[1,2],是我国渤海鱼类的优势种群[3],其体形较大,肉色白嫩,口味鲜美,内脏团小,出肉率高,是制作生鱼片的高档鱼。国内外学者已对其生物学特性和胚胎及仔鱼发育等进行了研究[4-7],目前在山东半岛海域已有育苗和养殖,有关营养成分分析,国内未见报道。1材料与方法1.1材料野生圆斑星鲽2004年3月捕获于渤海,取成熟期鱼3尾,每尾重800～1200g。1.2方法样品处理:取可食部分…     

磺胺二甲嘧啶竞争抑制ELISA法检测

磺胺二甲嘧啶(Sulfamethazine,SM2)作为一种广谱抗生素,普遍应用于医药(抗球虫药)、畜牧(作饲料添加剂以提高畜禽抗病力)以及水产养殖中(用于鱼、虾、蟹细菌性疾病),预防和治疗细菌感染性疾病[1].短时间大剂量或长时间小剂量的作用可引起急性或慢性中毒;能够诱发人的甲状腺癌和影响机体泌尿系统、免疫系统,破坏肌肉和肾脏等组织,并具有三致作用[2],是国家农业部继克伦特罗后规定进出口检测必检项目之一.     

养殖与野生丝尾鳠肌肉营养成分的比较分析

<正>丝尾鳠(Hemibagrus wyckioides)隶属于鲶形目、鲿科、鳠属,别名长胡子鱼;原产于老挝、泰国、柬埔寨、越南等东南亚各国河流水域[1],在中国仅分布于云南省境内澜沧江下游支流,如勐腊的南腊河、景洪的曼纳沙等江段[2]。丝尾鳠适应性广,抗病力强,耐低氧,个体大,生长快,很适合池塘主养、混养、网箱和流水池高密度养     

光唇鱼的肌肉营养组成与评价

<正>光唇鱼(Acrossocheilus fasciatus)俗称淡水石斑鱼、罗丝鱼等,属鲤形目、鲤科、鲃亚科、光唇鱼属。光唇鱼[1];肉质细嫩,颇受消费者青睐。但近年来,由于水域污染和过度捕捞等使其     

Nutritional properties of spent duck surimi-like material prepared by conventional and acid–alkaline solubilization methods

The nutritional properties of surimi-like materials produced from spent duck meat processed conventionally (CDS) and processed with acid and alkaline solubilization (ACDS and ALDS, respectively) were studied. The essential amino acids (EAAs) content was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in the ACDS and ALDS than in control (CON) and CDS, with values of 436.78 ± 13.67, 450.30 ± 9.72, 377.29 ± 7.20 and 400.61 ± 14.7 mg/g protein, respectively. All duck surimi-like materials had a higher chemical score, amino acid score and EAA index than the CON. The saturated fatty acid compositions of the ACDS and ALDS samples were significantly lower (p < 0.05) than that of the CDS sample, whereas the opposite pattern was observed for the polyunsaturated fatty acid content. ACDS samples had significantly higher (p < 0.05) contents of minerals than ALDS samples. The results indicated that acid–alkaline solubilization permitted recovery of high-quality surimi-like material from spent duck meat, which has potential for human food uses.     

Composition of Local Confections Commonly Consumed in the Arabian Gulf

An evaluation of seven confectionery items commonly consumed in the Arabian Gulf region is presented with regard to their nutritional profiles. The foods contained 1.1–17.3% (N × 6.25) protein, 41.8–81.2% carbohydrate and 6.3–38.8% w/w fat. Some dominant minerals were sodium (685–6152 ppm), potassium (237–9507 ppm) and magnesium (68–1650 ppm). β sitosterol ranged between 4.4–95.9 mg/100g, and cholesterol was high (55.0 mg/100g) in the sesame based sweet. The prominent fatty acids were oleic (31.5–54.8 mg/100g) and linoleic acid (16.5–52.9 mg/100g). Regional dietary guidelines should take into consideration the nutritive value and health aspects of traditional confections which should be consumed in moderation, due to their high content of fat, cholesterol and sugar.     

5种罗非鱼营养成分分析及评价

<正>罗非鱼是我国主要养殖水产品。其肉质鲜美,少刺,蛋白质含量高,富含人体所需的8种必需氨基酸,其中谷氨酸和甘氨酸含量特别高[1,2]。目前养殖和繁育体系较为完善的品种有奥利亚罗非     

崇明养殖文蛤和启东天然生长文蛤的营养成分比较

<正>文蛤(Meretrix meretrix Linnaeus)是一种深受人们喜爱的埋栖型双壳贝类,生长于环境干净、污染小的沙质海滩中,肉质清鲜,除熟食外还可制干品或做罐头。1对象与方法     

Detailed Distribution of Lipids in Greenshell? Mussel (Perna canaliculus)

Greenshell™ mussels (GSM–Perna canaliculus) are a source of omega-3 (n-3) long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA). Farmed GSM are considered to be a sustainable source of LC-PUFA as they require no dietary inputs, gaining all of their oil by filter-feeding microorganisms from sea water. GSM oil is a high-value product, with a value as much as 1000 times that of fish oils. GSM oil has important health benefits, for example, anti-inflammatory activity. It also contains several minor lipid components that are not present in most fish oil products, and that have their own beneficial effects on human health. We have shown the lipid content of the female GSM (1.9 g/100 g ww) was significantly greater than that of the male (1.4 g/100 g ww). Compared with male GSM, female GSM contained more n-3 LC-PUFA, and stored a greater proportion of total lipid in the gonad and mantle. The higher lipid content in the female than the male GSM is most likely related to gamete production. This information will be useful to optimize extraction of oils from GSM, a local and sustainable source of n-3 LC-PUFA.     

共轭亚油酸对老龄大鼠红细胞膜脂肪酸组成的影响

<正>共轭亚油酸(CLA)是天然存在的主要来自反刍动物肉与奶制品的一种多不饱和脂肪酸。研究表明,CLA具有抗动脉硬化、抗氧化、提高免疫功能、增加骨质密度、降低人和动物体脂肪、增加肌肉等生理功能[1]。     

The effect of using different probiotic cultures on conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) concentration and fatty acid composition of white pickle cheese

Pickle white cheeses were produced from whole milk with five different probiotic cultures (Enterococcus faecium, Lactobacillus paracasei, Bifidobacterium longum, Bifidobacterium bifidum and Lactobacillus acidophilus). Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) content of cheeses ranged from 3.52 to 3.92 mg/g. Probiotic differences and storage process have not affected the CLA contents of the samples statistically. There was no correlation between the CLA content of all probiotic cheeses and saturated fatty acids. A positive correlation between the CLA and linoleic acid contents of L. paracasei and L. acidophilus cheeses was observed.     

Influence of commercial cut on proximate composition and fatty acid profile of Rasa Aragonesa light lamb

The aim of this work was to assess the proximate and fatty acid (FA) composition of the edible portion, including fat and muscle, of different commercial cuts in lamb. Ten entire males belonging to the Protected Geographical Indication ‘Ternasco de Aragón’, weaned at about 50 days old and intensively fed with concentrate and cereal straw ad libitum until reaching 80 days old, were used. Seven commercial cuts were assessed: leg, shoulder, neck, shoulder-ribs, loin + rack, breast and flank. The leanest cut, considering the edible composition, was the leg, with a fat content of 11.5%, although not statistically different from the neck, shoulder and shoulder-ribs. The fattest cut was the breast (42%), although it contributed little to the total fat content of the animal representing only 4.5% of the whole carcass weight. Few differences were found in the percentages of FA and were mainly associated with the minor FA, although shoulder-ribs and loin + rack had the highest percentage of stearic acid. However large differences were found in the amount of FA among commercial cuts.     

Amino acid composition of the whole body,flesh and exoskeleton of female common West African fresh water crab Sudananautes africanus africanus

The amino acid composition of the whole body (edible parts), flesh and exoskeleton of the female common West African fresh water crab Sudananautes africanus africanus was determined on a dry weight basis. The total essential amino acids ranged from 349.8 mg/g to 387.3 mg/g crude protein or from 48.5% to 49.8% of the total amino acid. Both the total amino acid and the total essential amino acid showed no significant differences among the samples at P<0.05. The amino acid score showed that lysine ranged from 0.9 to 1.2, making it a good food fortifier. The predicted protein efficiency ratio was 2.6–3.4, showing that the quality of protein was high. The carbohydrate content was high (57.5–59.1 g/100 g) but the protein was lower (15.7–18.6 g/100 g). The low level of the crude fibre in the flesh will make it good to serve as a food complement.     

Diets with corn oil and/or low protein increase acute acetaminophen hepatotoxicity compared to diets with beef tallow in a rat model

It has been reported that dietary polyunsaturated fats (PUFA) increase liver injury in response to ethanol feeding. We tested the hypothesis that diets rich in linoleic acid (18:2n-6) would affect acute liver injury after acetaminophen injection and that protein restriction might exacerbate the liver injury. We examined effects of feeding diets with either 15% (wt/wt) corn oil or 14% beef tallow and 1% corn oil for six weeks with either 6 or 20 g/100 g protein on acute hepatotoxicity. After the feeding period, liver injury was induced by injecting either with 600 mg/kg body weight acetaminophen suspended in gum arabic-based vehicle, or with vehicle alone during fasting status. Samples of liver and plasma were taken for analyses of hepatic glutathione (GSH) levels and liver-specific enzymes [(Glutamate-pyruvate transaminase (GPT) and glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT)], respectively. Whereas GSH level was significantly lower in only group fed 15% corn oil with 6 g/100 g protein among acetaminophen-treated groups, activities of GPT and GOT were significantly elevated in all groups except the one fed beef tallow with 20 g/100 g protein, suggesting low protein might exacerbate drug-induced hepatotoxicity. The feeding regimens changed the ratio of 18:2n-6 to oleic acid (18:1n-9) in total liver lipids approximately five-fold, and produced modest changes in arachidonic acid (20:4n-6). We conclude that diets with high 18:2n-6 promote acetaminophen-induced liver injury compared to diets with more saturated fatty acids (SFA). In addition, protein restriction appeared to exacerbate the liver injury.