腹腔镜胆总管囊肿根治术的手术体会及技术改进

目的 总结腹腔镜胆总管囊肿切除、肝管空肠Roux-Y吻合术的临床经验,并探讨其手术技巧和技术改进.方法 2010年11月-2012年11月,共实施腹腔镜胆总管囊肿根治术31例.采用4孔法,先游离胆囊,行胆道造影,然后扩大脐部切口提出空肠,完成Roux-Y吻合,还纳肠管后再切除囊肿,行胆肠吻合术.结果 31例患者,2例中转开腹,29例完成腹腔镜下胆总管囊肿根治术,手术时间为200 ～ 460 min,平均260 min;术后早期并发症3例(9.7％),其中胆瘘1例;术后腹壁切口出血1例;Roux-Y胆袢扭转1例.术后患儿均获得随访,随访时间为3～ 27个月,全部患儿肝功能正常,超声检查无结石形成,未见胆管狭窄及扩张.结论 腹腔镜胆总管囊肿根治术安全可靠,效果满意.     

先天性胆总管囊肿的手术体会

目的：探讨胆总管囊肿手术切除和重建胆道的手术方法。方法：总结近5年来应用本术式的临床经验，回顾观察术后疗效、生活质量。结果：随访发现，均无胆道感染症状发作，小儿营养发育良好，X线钡餐透视动态观察，空肠—空肠半周同步吻合加桥袢空肠人工套叠双重抗返流效果良好。结论：小儿与成人均可接受本术式治疗，其即可达到切除胆总管囊肿的目的，又基本上防止了重建胆道术后胆肠吻合口狭窄、逆行感染等并发症的发生。     

成人胆总管囊肿的外科治疗

我院自１９８６年－１９９６年采用胆总管囊肿切除肝管空肠Ｒｏｕｘ－Ｙ吻合及间置空肠乳头成形术治疗成人胆总管囊肿２６例，全部病例随访１－１１年效果满意。本文结合相关文献，讨论了成人胆总囊肿的特点，囊肿切除的理论依据，并详细阐述了囊肿切除的具体措施方法。     

完全腹腔镜在先天性胆总管囊肿手术中的应用

目的:探讨腹腔镜在先天性胆总管囊肿手术中的应用经验.方法:回顾性分析201 1年8月-2012年12月7例腹腔镜胆总管囊肿手术患者的临床资料.结果:5例患者在完全腹腔镜下完成胆总管囊肿切除和肝肠Roux-en-Y引流,手术时间为310～400 min,术中出血50～100 mL,术后住院时间5～7 d,术后随访3～19个月,未出现术后并发症,无死亡病例.2例因胆总管囊肿炎症重,渗血较多中转开腹完成手术.结论:完全腹腔镜胆总管囊肿切除和肝肠Roux-en-Y引流治疗先天性胆总囊肿是安全可行的,具有微创、术后恢复快等优点;熟练的腹腔镜技术,良好的团队配合是手术成功的关键.     

腹腔镜先天性胆总管囊肿切除术

目的 比较开腹和腹腔镜手术治疗先天性胆总管囊肿的效果.方法 回顾性分析1999年5月至2007年3月140例先天性胆总管囊肿患儿的临床资料.按不同手术方法分为开腹组和腹腔镜组,均采用胆总管囊肿切除+肝管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术,比较两组疗效.结果 1999年5月至2001年2月开腹组收治患儿38例,2001年4月至2007年3月腹腔镜组收治患儿102例.平均手术时间:开腹组190 min,腹腔镜组224 min.开腹组术中、术后输血3例.腹腔镜组无术中、术后输血.开腹组术后并发症发生率为16%(6/38),明显高于腹腔镜组的5%(5/102),两组比较差异有统计学意义(χ2=4.33,P<0.05).结论 对于先天性胆总管囊肿患儿采用腹腔镜行胆总管囊肿切除+肝管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术治疗,手术打击小,术后恢复快.     

腹腔镜下应用超声刀行胆总管囊肿切除术

目的：探讨腹腔镜下应用超声刀行胆总管囊肿切除、肝管空肠Roux—Y吻合术的操作技术及优越性。方法：本组45例患儿在腹腔镜下应用超声刀行胆总管囊肿切除,胆道重建术。首先在腹腔镜监视下行胆囊穿刺造影,切除胆囊。然后用超声刀横断囊肿,近端游离至肝总管处切断,远端游离至胰胆管汇合处结扎切断,彻底切除囊肿壁。经脐部2cm切口提出空肠于腹壁外行空肠Roux-Y吻合,肝支30～35cm,然后将肠管送回腹腔经结肠后将肝支拉至肝下,将肝管与空肠端侧吻合。结果：45例患儿均在腹腔镜下应用超声刀完成胆总管囊肿切除、肝管空肠Roux—Y吻合术。手术时间3．5～6．0h(平均4．2h)。术中出血量10～50ml(平均15ml)。全部患儿无术中并发症。术后住院时间3～9d(平均5．5d)。38例获随访,随访时间1个月～1．5年,无吻合口狭窄及粘连性肠梗阻发生,肝功能检查正常。结论腹腔镜下应用超声刀行胆总管囊肿切除、肝管空肠Roux—Y吻合术安全可靠。优点为手术视野清晰,解剖层次清楚,术中出血少、创伤小,术后疼痛轻、切口小,手术瘢痕不明显。     

完全腹腔镜手术治疗成人先天性胆总管囊肿的临床分析

目的:探讨完全腹腔镜胆总管囊肿切除并肝管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术治疗成人先天性胆总管囊肿的可行性、安全性及疗效。方法:回顾性分析昆明医科大学第一附属医院2014年5月—2016年5月12例行腹腔镜下胆总管囊肿手术治疗患者的临床资料。结果:11例患者完全腹腔镜下完成胆总管囊肿切除+肝管空肠吻合术,1例为减少手术费用在腹腔外行手工肠肠吻合。手术时间240~310 min,平均280 min;术中出血20~150 m L,平均60 m L;术后住院时间5~7 d,平均6.5 d。术后随访2~12个月,未出现手术并发症,无死亡病例。结论:完全腹腔镜下胆总管囊肿切除+肝管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术治疗成人先天性胆总管囊肿是安全可行的,且具有明显微创优势,可进一步推广。     

完全腹腔镜Roux-en-Y吻合术治疗先天性胆总管囊肿

目的探讨完全腹腔镜下Roux-en-Y吻合术治疗先天性胆总管囊肿的可行性。方法 2011年3～9月,对6例先天性胆总管囊肿行完全腹腔镜下Roux-en-Y吻合术。术中常规切除胆囊,游离囊肿壁,于正常肝总管交界处离断。距十二指肠悬韧带15～20 cm处切断空肠,于断端远端下方约50 cm处用腔镜直线切割吻合器行肠肠吻合,镜下用3-0可吸收线行肝总管-空肠端侧吻合。结果手术均获成功。术后随访3～9个月,平均5.5月,无出血、胆漏、吻合口狭窄、肠漏、腹腔脓肿、逆行感染等并发症发生。结论完全腹腔镜Roux-en-Y吻合术治疗先天性胆总管囊肿是可行的,并且具有切口小、术后腹壁瘢痕小、创伤轻、美观等微创特点。     

先天性胆总管囊肿术后远期疗效分析

目的 探讨先天性胆总管囊肿（ｃｏｎｇｅｎｉｔａｌ ｃｈｏｌｅｄｏｃｈａｌ ｃｙｓｔ,ＣＣＣ）术式选择与疗效的关系。方法 对１９８９年至１９９８年间３８例ＣＣＣ手术治疗病例进行回顾性研究。结果 ３８例中行胆肠Ｒｏｕｘ－Ｙ吻合术２０例,肝总管十二指肠高位大口吻合术１８例。术后随机获随访３１例。１３例胆肠Ｒｏｕｘ－Ｙ吻合术后随访３￣７年,发现５例并发十二指肠溃疡,３例并发胆道逆行感染。１８例肝总管十二指     

经腹腔镜行先天性胆总管囊肿根治切除术的技术要点

目的 对经腹腔镜行先天性胆总管囊肿切除，肝管空肠Roux-Y吻合术的关键技术进行探讨。方法 采用四Trocar技术首先行腹腔镜监视下胆道造影后切除胆囊，然后用超声刀游离胆总管囊肿前壁，切开囊肿前壁后，横断囊肿，向近端游离至胆总管与肝总管的交界处，向远端游离至囊肿与胰管的汇合处，彻底切除囊肿壁。经脐部2cm切口提出距Treitz韧带20cm处空肠于腹壁外，行空肠空肠Roux-Y吻合，保留肝支30-35cm，然后将肠管送回腹腔经结肠后拉至肝门下。用5-0可吸收缝线将肝管与空肠端侧吻合。结果 本组8例患儿手术全部成功。手术时间平均为4.8h(3.6-6h)，出血量10-50ml，吻合口直径1.0-1.5cm，术后平均住院时间4.5d(3-8d)。术后随访1-6个月，未发现逆行感染，肠粘连梗阻和吻合口狭窄发生。结论 经腹腔镜行先天性胆总管囊肿切除，肝管空肠吻合术是一种安全可靠的方法。     

完全腹腔镜成人胆总管囊肿切除术10例分析

目的探讨完全腹腔镜胆总管囊肿切除术的技术方法与优点。方法回顾性分析2008年1月至2011年1月10例完全腹腔镜胆总管囊肿切除术患者的临床资料,所有患者均未行辅助体外肝肠吻合术。结果 10例患者均成功完成完全腹腔镜胆总管囊肿切除术。手术时间为210～300min,术后住院天数为3～7d,术后随访1～36个月,其中1例患者于术后发生吻合口狭窄,经开腹行胆肠吻合口拆除重建后,治愈出院,无死亡病例。结论完全腹腔镜胆总管囊肿切除是安全可行的,值得进一步推广。     

Using laparoscopic double hemicircumferential running single-layer suture in hepaticojejunostomy for choledochal cysts in children

Background

To evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of implementing a double-hemicircumferential running suture in laparoscopic hepaticojejunostomy for choledochal cysts (CDC) in children.

Early experience with laparoscopic excision of choledochal cyst in 41 children

Objective

This study aims to review our center's early experience in managing children with choledochal cysts using laparoscopic excision.

Methods

A retrospective study was carried out from the time of our first case of laparoscopic excision (2010). A total of 41 patients with choledochal cysts underwent laparoscopic choledochal cyst excision and Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy. Patient demographics, operative data, and post-operative outcomes were recorded and analyzed.

Results

Forty patients underwent the operation successfully, and the mean time of operation was 210 min (range 140 min to 380 min). One case was converted to an open operation due to dense adhesions. All patients recovered uneventfully and were discharged between seven and ten days post-operatively. Four patients suffered minor bile leaks after their operations, but they required only percutaneous drainage. The mean time for follow-up was six months (range 1 month to 1 year). No significant complication was noted during that time.

Conclusions

We successfully introduced laparoscopic excision of choledochal cyst in our center and have found this to be a safe and effective method. Long-term follow up is awaited.     

经腹腔镜行先天性胆总管囊肿根治术并发症的探讨

目的 探讨腹腔镜胆总管囊肿切除肝管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术后并发症和预防。方法 2001年7月～2006年6月,经腹腔镜行先天性胆总管囊肿根治术66例（65例为2个月～14岁,中位数3岁9个月,另1例28岁）。囊肿型61例,直径2.5～18cm;梭形5例,直径1.2～2.2cm。其中9例合并肝门部肝管狭窄,行肝管扩大成形术。结果 66例均在腹腔镜下成功完成手术,平均手术时间3.8h（2.6～9.5h）,术后平均住院时间4.5d（3～8d）。早期并发症：胆漏2例,1例腹腔引流后自愈,另1例因腹腔引流不畅行开腹手术,术中见吻合口漏,重新吻合后愈合;1例术后7h高血钾（10.8mmol/L）心跳停止,复苏成功后于术后第3天死于肾功能衰竭;应激性溃疡2例,自行缓解。无腹腔和伤口感染。远期并发症：术后6个月突发肠梗阻1例,开腹探查见空肠肝支肠管粘连梗阻坏死,行肠切除吻合手术。无吻合口狭窄和胆管炎,65例存活者随访6～56个月,中位数21个月,行B超检查未见胆石发生,肝功能正常。结论 经腹腔镜行先天性胆总管囊肿切除肝管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术是复杂的高风险手术,有与开腹手术类似的胆漏、应激性溃疡和肠梗阻并发症。高钾血症是该手术特殊的严重并发症,可能与长时间的CO2气腹有关,术后必须常规监测血钾变化。     

腹腔镜胆总管囊肿切除术后胆漏的相关因素分析

目的:探讨腹腔镜胆总管囊肿手术后胆漏的相关因素及治疗措施。方法:回顾分析2011年6月至2016年6月收治的103例腹腔镜胆总管囊肿切除术患者的临床资料,按是否发生胆漏分为两组,分析可能影响胆漏发生的因素,并通过单因素、多因素分析确定其危险因素,分析胆漏的治疗策略。结果:术后17例(16.50%)发生胆漏,经保守治疗或再次手术后胆漏消失。单因素分析显示,患者体重指数(χ~2=4.027,P=0.045)、术前血浆白蛋白(χ~2=4.156,P=0.041)、术前总胆红素(χ~2=4.374,P=0.035)为胆总管囊肿术后发生胆漏的危险因素;而患者年龄、性别、手术时间、术中出血量等不是胆总管囊肿术后胆漏的危险因素(P0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,术前血浆白蛋白(β=1.371,P=0.012,OR=2.638)、体重指数(β=1.760,P0.01,OR=8.171)是胆漏发生的独立危险因素。结论:在胆总管囊肿术后发生胆漏的影响因素中,体重指数、术前血浆白蛋白是独立危险因素。     

Laparoscopic repair for choledochal cyst: lessons learned from 190 cases

Objective

The aim of this study is to report the technical details, early outcomes, and lessons learned from laparoscopic repair of 190 cases of choledochal cyst.

Method

The operation was performed using 4 ports. The cystic duct was identified and divided. The liver was elevated by 2 stay-sutures: one on the round ligament and the other on the distal cystic duct. The choledochal cyst was isolated and removed completely, and then biliary-digestive continuity was reestablished.

Results

From January 2007 to April 2009, 190 patients were operated on. There were 144 girls and 46 boys. Ages ranged from 2 months to 16 years (mean, 46.9 ± 29.3 months). Cyst diameter ranged from 10 to 184 mm. A total of 106 patients were classified as Todani type I cysts, and 84 were type IV. Cystic excision and hepaticoduodenostomy were performed in 133 patients and hepaticojejunostomy in 57 patients. The operating time varied from 70 to 505 minutes (mean, 186 minutes). Conversion to open surgery was required in 2 patients. Intraoperative blood transfusion was required in 4 patients. There were no perioperative deaths. Postoperative anastomotic leakage occurred in 7 patients, resolving spontaneously in 6 and requiring a second operation in 1. Postoperative hospital stay ranged from 5 to 27 days (mean, 7.2 ± 3.3 days). Follow-up occurred between 1 and 24 months postdischarge (mean, 9 ± 2.2 months) and was obtained in 161 patients (84.7%). Of these patients, cholangitis occurred in 4 patients (2.4%).

Conclusion

Laparoscopic repair is a safe and effective procedure for choledochal cyst.     

Totally laparoscopic management of choledochal cysts using a four-hole method

Background Choledochal cyst is a rare benign disease of the biliary tract. However, once diagnosed, it must be excised with the gallbladder because of the risk for cancer developing in the biliary tree, including the gallbladder. This report introduces a new surgical technique for totally laparoscopic excision of choledochal cyst and hepaticojejunostomy using a four-hole method. Methods Between October 2003 and May 2005, the authors performed totally laparoscopic choledochal cyst excision for 12 patients. All the patients except one were women, and the mean age was 37.3 years (range, 17–62 years). According to the Todani classification, there were five type Ia cases, four type Ic cases, and three type IV cases. Choledochal cyst excision and Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy were performed laparoscopically using the four-port technique. Results The mean operation time was 228 min (range, 150–330 min). No operative or postoperative transfusion was required. An oral diet was started on postoperative day 3. The average length of hospital stay was 5.8 days. There was no major complication associated with anastomosis leakage or obstruction. No patient had an adverse response, as determined by clinical or laboratory evaluation during a 2- to 19-month follow-up period. Conclusions Considering that choledochal cyst is common among young women, who are especially interested in cosmetic results in addition to complete resolution of medical problems, the laparoscopic management of choledochal cyst may be an attractive treatment option. Presented at the 2005 meeting of the Society of American Gastrointestinal and Endoscopic Surgeons (SAGES), 13–16 April 2005, Fort Lauderdale, Florida     

Laparoscopic excision of choledochal cyst and Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy in symptomatic neonates

Purpose

Choledochal cysts require surgical excision, preferably before the onset of cholangitis. Recently, it has become feasible to accomplish the excision laparoscopically in adults and older children. Yet, whether laparoscopic excision of choledochal cyst can be performed safely in symptomatic neonates with choledochal cyst is unclear. We herewith reviewed our experience of laparoscopic excision of choledochal cysts in neonates.

Methods

We managed 9 neonates with choledochal cysts between April 2003 and February 2007. The choledochal cysts were excised laparoscopically. The Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy was fashioned extracorporeally by exteriorizing the jejunum through the extended umbilical port site. End-to-side anastomosis between the common hepatic duct stump and Roux loop was carried out intracorporeally. The patients were followed up for an average of 26 months.

Results

The patients presented with jaundice, pale stool, and deranged liver function tests. The diagnosis was confirmed with ultrasonography postnatally. The median operation time was 3.6 hours. There was no operative complication and no conversion. The blood loss was minimal. The recovery was uneventful, and the median hospital stay was 6 days. The liver function tests normalized 3 to 16 weeks postoperatively. No complication was detected at the follow-up visits.

Conclusions

Our preliminary results show that laparoscopic excision of choledochal cyst and Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy in neonates is both feasible and safe. It curtails further complication of the cysts and reverses the derangement of liver function. In addition, the laparoscopic approach minimizes surgical trauma.     

腹腔镜胆总管囊肿根治切除、肝管空肠吻合术

目的:探讨腹腔镜下胆道造影和胆总管囊肿根治切除、肝管空肠吻合术的可行性。方法:34例先天性胆总管囊肿患者行腹腔镜下胆道造影,胆囊和囊状胆管完全切除,经脐孔提出空肠行Roux-en-Y吻合和体内肝管空肠吻合手术。结果:胆道造影显示胆管囊状扩张24例,梭形扩张10例。33例腹腔镜下顺利完成手术,手术时间平均4.2h(3.5~6.5h);1例胰腺内胆总管远段囊肿中转开腹手术。4例合并肝管狭窄同时行胆管成形术。术后5~7d患者痊愈出院。31例获得随访,5~40个月未发生术后并发症。结论:腹腔镜下胆道造影简便实用,对指导镜下根治切除囊肿,避免损伤胆胰管连接部和处理肝内胆管狭窄有重要参考价值。