髋臼骨折手术内固定治疗探讨

目的探讨手术内固定治疗有移位髋臼骨折的疗效。方法回顾性总结21例有移位髋臼骨折手术治疗的经验，21例损伤严重程度评分(ISS)平均21．1分，根据骨折类型选用髂腹股沟入路8例，Kocher-Langenbeck入路8例，前后联合入路3例，延长的髂腹股沟入路和三射入路各1例。复位后应用骨盆重建钢板及拉力螺钉内固定。结果21例经12～56个月平均36个月随访，发生感染2例，创伤性关节炎6例，异位骨化5例，股骨头无菌性坏死1例。复位按Matta方法评估，解剖复位6例，满意复位12例，不满意复位3例。按Matta髋关节功能评分标准评估疗效，优7例，良10例，一般3例，差1例，优良率80．9％。结论对有移位的髋臼骨折，应根据骨折类型采取不同手术入路，掌握手术时机、术的经验、术中良好的复位是提高疗效的关键。     

复杂移位型髋臼骨折的临床研究

目的：探讨复杂移位型髋臼骨折的临床治疗效果。方法：从2000年2月—2002年7月收治23例髋臼骨折患者，其中后柱合并后壁骨折11例，前柱合并后半横形骨折6例，双柱骨折5例，“T”形骨折1例。本组复杂移位型髋臼骨折均采用手术治疗。手术采用髂腹股沟入路11例，Kocher—Langen—beck(K—L)入路5例，髂骨股骨入路4例，前后联合入路3例。结果：根据Matta评分标准，解剖复位16例(69．6％)，满意复位6例(26．1％)，不满意复位1例(4．3％)。昕有病例随访6～26个月，平均19．6个月，随访疗效与X线优良率分别为81．8％，83．9％。结论：复杂移化型髋臼骨折尽早手术治疗可取得满意的骨折复位和临床疗效，手术医师的手术技巧和临床经验与疗效密切相关。     

前后联合入路治疗移位的复杂髋臼骨折

目的研究经髂腹股沟入路和Kocher-Langenbeck（K-L）联合切口手术内固定治疗移位的累及髋臼双柱的复杂髋臼骨折的临床疗效。方法分析我院自2003年1月至2008年12月通过前后联合切口手术内固定治疗的38例移位的累及髋臼双柱的复杂髋臼骨折患者。本组患者均获得随访,随访时间6～48个月,平均30个月。术后骨折复位质量、X线表现按Matta标准评估,远期髋关节功能和异位骨化率按D′Aubigne和Brooker标准评估。结果解剖复位29例,满意复位6例,不满意复位3例。髋关节功能优32例,良4例,可2例,优良率94.7%。髂腹股沟入路无一例异位骨化;K-L入路～度异位骨化4例,度异位骨化1例,无一例感染。结论前后联合入路手术内固定治疗移位的累及髋臼双柱的复杂髋臼骨折术中能更好的显露,便于骨折复位,固定稳定,临床效果好,并发症少。     

髋臼骨折的CT分型与手术入路选择

目的探讨应用髋臼骨折的CT分型指导手术入路选择，提高髋臼骨折的治疗水平。方法2002年12月至2007年9月间对21例髋臼骨折患者术前应用CT扫描，按髋臼骨折的Judet—Letoumel分型选择手术入路，4例后壁骨折、5例后柱骨折及2例横行骨折采用Kocher—Langeneback入路，2例前柱骨折、5例双柱骨折采用髂腹股沟入路；2例移位较重双柱骨折，采用前后联合入路；1例前壁骨折伴股骨头前上方骨折，采用髂股入路。采用专用器械及骨盆重建钢板和螺丝钉对骨折进行复位和固定；骨折距手术的时间为6—10d。结果随访6～57个月，平均18个月。术后骨折复位的质量按Matta影像学评定：解剖复位12例，良好复位8例，不满意复位1例。根据Merledd’Aubigne和Postel评分标准：临床疗效优13例，良5例，一般2例，差1例。结论CT扫描能明确髋臼骨折移位和粉碎程度，用术前CT分型指导手术入路的选择能提高手术治疗的临床效果。     

手术治疗51例髋臼骨折

目的探讨手术复位及内固定治疗移位髋臼骨折的方法及疗效。方法对51例髋臼骨折患者根据骨折类型选择手术入路和复位内固定。随访评价术后的治疗效果。结果患者均获得随访,时间6个月~6年。髋臼骨折复位质量按照Matta标准：解剖复位31例（60.8%）,满意复位18例（35.3%）,不满意复位2例（3.9%）。髋关节功能依据D′Aubingne评分标准：优21例（41.2%）,良24例（47.0%）,可5例（9.8%）,差1例（2.0%）,优良率为88.2%。结论对于有手术指征的髋臼骨折,选择适宜的手术时机,采用正确的手术入路和良好的骨折复位及固定,可以取得满意的治疗效果。     

经髂腹股沟入路手术治疗移位髋臼骨折

为减少手术治疗移位髋臼骨折的高异位骨化率，改善髋关节功能，作者以骨盆内髂腹股沟入路有选择地替代骨盆外入路，手术治疗双柱骨折３例、Ｔ形骨折２例、横形骨折４例、前柱骨折２例、前柱合并后半横形骨折１例。结果显示：解剖复位１０例，满意复位２例。经１～５年随访，关节功能８例优（６７％），４例良（３３％）；Ｘ线片表现８例优（６７％），３例良（２５％），１例尚可（８％），单纯髂腹股沟入路者无１例异位骨化。作者认为，骨盆内入路具有术后功能恢复快、异位骨化率低等优点，可用于手术治疗某些累及双柱的髋臼骨折，并可获得理想暴露、复位和固定。     

前柱钢板固定结合后柱逆行拉力螺丝钉治疗复杂髋臼骨折16例

[目的]探讨经髂腹股沟入路治疗复杂髋臼骨折的手术技巧。[方法]经髂腹股沟入路以重建钢板固定前柱、逆行拉力螺丝钉固定后柱治疗复杂髋臼骨折16例，其中双柱骨折10例，前柱伴后半横行骨折5例，“T”形骨折1例。[结果]解剖复位（移位〈1mm）11例，复位欠佳（移位3mm）4例，复位不满意（移位〉3mm）1例。随访11～37个月，根据改良的Merle d Aubigne及Postel髋关节得分进行功能评价，优9例、良4例、可3例。[结论]前柱钢板固定结合后柱逆行拉力螺丝钉固定，使经髂腹股沟入路治疗大部分髋臼双柱骨折、前柱伴后半横行骨折、T形骨折成为可能，避免了联合应用后方切口，减少了手术创伤。     

关于复合型髋臼骨折的临床研究

目的：提高对复合型髋臼骨折的诊断与治疗水平。方法：总结1997－200年5月对25例有移位的复合型髋臼骨折进行手术治疗的经验。按Letournel-Judet骨折分型：髓臼后壁骨折伴后柱骨折6例,前柱骨折伴后半横段骨折6例,“T”型骨折4例,双柱伴后壁骨折9例。根据不同骨折类型,分别采用Kocher-Langeenbeck入路、髂腹股沟入路、髌股入路、扩展的髌股入路及前后联合入路进行骨折复位,均采用骨盆重建 钢板和螺丝钉固定。结果：25例患者,平均随访时间18．4个月（6－23个月）。根据Matta评分,优13例（52％）,良8例（32％）,一般2例（8％）,差2例（8％）。并股骨头坏死4例（16％）。异位骨化3例（12％）,无手术死亡及感染发生。结论：术前正确分析骨折类型;选择恰当的手术入路及及时手术是提高髋臼骨折治疗效果的关键。     

有移位复杂髋臼骨折的手术治疗

目的 对移位复杂髋臼骨折采用不同手术入路与方法，探讨提高其疗效的方法。方法 手术治疗有移位髋臼骨折86例，对其中27例有移位复杂髋臼骨折进行了随访。所有骨折均按Letournel-Judet的方法进行分型。根据骨折类型及移位情况，分别采用Kocher-Langenback入路13例，髂腹股沟入路2例，前后联合入路12例，分别进行复位应用骨盆重建钢板和螺钉固定。结果 平均随访18．3个月(5～38个月)。根据改良的Merled’Aubigne和Poste评分标准进行评分，优10例，良12例，一般3例，差2例，优良率81．4％。术后发生骨性关节炎2例，异位骨化7例，经保守治疗痊愈，无死亡、感染及不愈合的病例。结论 手术前分析骨折的类型及骨折的移位方向，选择恰当的手术入路及手术中良好的复位是提高髋臼骨折疗效的关键。     

髋臼骨折的手术治疗

目的探讨髋臼骨折的手术治疗效果。方法1999年-2003年间,分别采用髂腹股沟人路、Kocher-Langenbeck入路、髂股延长入路和联合入路,骨盆重建钢板和螺钉内固定,手术治疗18例移位的髋臼骨折。结果14例达解剖复位,2例满意复位,其中伤后2周内手术者解剖复位率明显提高。平均随访3．2年,关节功能优良率77．8％。结论对于有移位的髋臼骨折,应尽早行切开复位内固定手术,以免因复位不良,形成创伤性关节炎,导致关节痛：     

Internal fracture fixation using the Stoppa approach in pelvic ring and acetabular fractures: technical aspects and operative results

BACKGROUND: The ilioinguinal approach is well established for the treatment of pelvic fractures. As an alternative, the modified Stoppa approach can be used to expose pelvic and acetabular fractures. We describe our experience with this approach in patients with pelvic and acetabular fractures with respect to fracture reduction, technical aspects, and the incidence of intra- and postoperative complications. METHODS: This retrospective study describes a series of 25 consecutive patients where a modified Stoppa approach was used for pelvic or acetabular fracture fixation. RESULTS: Fifteen patients with acetabular fractures, six patients with a pelvic ring injury not involving the acetabular joint and four patients with a combined fracture were operated through a Stoppa approach. Nine patients had a total of 13 complications, none of which required reoperation. Anatomic or satisfactory reduction was achieved in 95% of the acetabular fractures. Pelvic ring fractures had an anatomic (displacement <1 cm) postoperative result in all 10 cases. CONCLUSION: The modified Stoppa approach allows an adequate exposure and good postoperative results for treatment of pelvic ring fractures and acetabular fractures that are eligible for an anterior approach.     

髋臼骨折的手术治疗

目的：探讨髋臼骨折的诊断和手术治疗方法与技巧,以提高髋臼骨折的诊疗水平。方法：对41例移位髋臼骨折行术前CT平扫或三维重建确定骨折类型和制定手术方案,选择最佳手术入路进行骨折复位,以骨盆重建钢板和螺丝钉固定。结果：39例获得1－4年,平均1．5的的随访,按Metta的疗效标准评定。临床标准：30例新鲜骨折,优16例（53．3％）,良11例（36．7％）,可3例（10％）,优良率90％。9例陈旧性骨折,优2例,良3例,可2例,差2例,优良率55．6％。并发症主要有坐骨神经损伤、股骨头坏死和异位骨化。结论：伤后手术时机、髋臼损伤程度和手术复位质量是影响术后髋臼功能的重要因素,尽量争取早期手术,术前正确判断骨折类型、选择最佳入路,术中准确复位和妥善固定是 提高髋臼骨折疗效的关键。     

Results after operative treatment of transverse acetabular fractures

Background Treatment of the transverse acetabular fracture is known to have worse results than other fracture types, although this fracture belongs to the elementary fracture group. The operative results of the transverse acetabular fracture, however, have not been well documented. To determine the results and factors that affect the choice of operative treatment for transverse acetabular fractures, we retrospectively reviewed 15 cases of transverse fracture. Methods A total of 15 patients had a transverse fracture, with an average follow-up period of 43 months; there were 8 patients with and 7 without a posterior wall fracture. There were 11 men and 4 women, with a mean age of 46.6 years. In seven cases there was also comminution of the weight-bearing dome. The surgical approaches used were the anterior ilioinguinal approach in 4 patients, the posterior approach in 10 patients, and the combined approach in 1 patient. Postoperative radiographic results were evaluated by Matta's criteria. Final clinical results were evaluated by a modified Merle d'Aubigne scoring system. Results All of the fractures healed. The average time for fracture healing was 17.5 weeks. Postoperative radiology revealed six cases of anatomical reduction, five cases of imperfect reduction, and four cases of poor reduction. According to the clinical results, nine patients had satisfactory results (three excellent, six good), and six had unsatisfactory results (three fair, three poor). Regarding complications, there were four cases of traumatic osteoarthritis and three of heterotopic ossification. The patients with an anatomical reduction had a higher satisfactory result rate. Comminution of the transverse fracture seemed to have an adverse influence on the postoperative radiologic result as well as a correlation with the development of traumatic arthritis. Conclusions Transverse acetabular fractures, if not reduced anatomically, may have a tendency toward traumatic osteoarthritis and poor clinical outcome. Comminution of the dome may portend poor results.     

不同髋臼骨折手术入路选择的相关性因素分析

[目的]探讨髋臼骨折的手术治疗方法。[方法]对1995年1月～2005年3月手术治疗的髋臼骨折进行回顾性分析，探讨影响手术入路选择的相关因素。[结果]手术治疗107例，其中，采用Kocher—Langenbeck入路44例，扩大髂股入路5例，髂腹股沟或前侧扩大入路30例，前后联合入路28例。获解剖复位66例，满意复位36例，不满意复位5例。随访1～11a，采用美国矫形外科学会髋关节功能评估标准，总优良率89．72％。[结论]骨折类型及其移位方向是确定手术入路的关键因素，骨折合并伤、手术时间及不同手术入路相关副损伤或并发症是其重要参考因素。     

移位髋臼骨折的手术治疗

目的　探讨移位髋臼骨折的手术方法。方法　对 38例髋臼骨折按不同类型不同手术入路分别用加压螺钉、可吸收螺钉 ,普通钢板及重建钢板等予以内固定治疗。结果　随访平均 1 9个月 (6～ 42个月 )。术后未发生伤口感染、坐骨神经或血管损伤及深静脉栓塞。复位情况按Judet方法评估 ,达到解剖复位者 30例 ,复位满意者 5例 ,不满意 3例。按美国矫形外科研究院标准评估疗效 :优 2 3例 ,良 8例 ,可 4例 ,差 3例。结论　开放复位内固定是治疗髋臼骨折较为可靠的方法 ,正确的骨折分型、手术切口的选择是复位成功的关键 ,内固定材料的选择是手术疗效的保证     

髂内外动脉血管控制下手术治疗髋臼横形骨折(附21例报告)

目的 :在髂内、外动脉控制下用松质骨拉力螺钉治疗成人髋臼横形骨折。方法 :手术先将髂内外动脉做血流控制术后 ,行骨折复位、松质骨拉力螺钉固定共 2 1例。结果 :骨折达解剖复位 14例 ( 66.6% ) ;功能复位 4例( 19.9% )复位效果不佳 2例 ( 14 .2 % )。结论 :在髂血管控制下用松质骨拉力螺钉治疗成人髋臼横形骨折。失血量少 ,手术视野清晰 ,减少了并发症 ,缩短了手术时间 ,使手术质量获得提高     

激光辅助轴位透视经皮螺钉固定治疗髋臼前柱骨折

目的探讨激光辅助轴位透视经皮螺钉固定治疗髋臼前柱骨折的可行性及近期临床疗效。方法回顾性分析2017年1月至2018年12月采用激光辅助轴位透视经皮螺钉固定治疗的髋臼前柱骨折患者20例(22髋),男11例,女9例;年龄(42.1±3.2)岁(范围,24~68岁)。单侧髋臼前柱骨折7例,双侧髋臼前柱骨折2例(4髋),髋臼前柱合并同侧骶骨骨折7例,髋臼前柱合并骶髂关节损伤4例。髋臼前柱骨折Nakatani分区:Ⅰ区3髋,Ⅱ区6髋,Ⅲ区13髋。受伤至手术时间为5 d(范围,3~11 d)。髋臼前柱骨折均采用激光辅助轴位透视经皮螺钉固定,合并骶骨骨折或骶髂关节损伤患者采用Starr架辅助复位后以经皮骶髂螺钉固定。记录患者髋臼前柱螺钉置入的手术时间、术中透视次数及术中出血量。术后采用Matta评分标准评定骨折复位质量,末次随访时根据改良Merle D'Aubignéand Postel评分系统评定髋关节功能。结果22髋的前柱螺钉置入手术时间为(22±10)min(范围,20~40 min),术中透视次数(30±8)次(范围,21~45次),术中出血量(20±5)ml(范围,10~40 ml)。20例患者术后均获得随访,随访时间(14±3.1)个月(范围,12~18个月)。骨折复位质量:解剖复位18髋,满意复位2髋,不满意复位2髋,优良率为91%(20/22)。骨折愈合时间为(13±2.2)周(范围,11~16周)。末次随访时髋关节功能:优18髋,良3髋,可1髋,优良率为95%(21/22)。1例术后前柱螺钉皮肤切口出现渗出,1例术中损伤臀上动脉分支导致术后臀部皮下瘀斑及血肿。随访期间无一例发生内固定物松动、断裂或骨折再次移位等并发症。结论采用激光辅助轴位透视经皮螺钉固定治疗髋臼前柱骨折,操作简便,手术时间短,不易损伤重要血管及神经,术中出血量少,近期疗效满意。     

Treatment of complex acetabular fractures through a modified extended iliofemoral approach

OBJECTIVES: To assess the rate of anatomic reconstructions as well as approach-related morbidity and complications in the treatment of complex acetabular fractures through a modified extended iliofemoral approach. DESIGN: Prospective clinical study. SETTING: Level I trauma center, University Hospital. PATIENTS: Inclusion criteria were as follows: (a) associated acetabular fracture or transverse fracture with comminuted roof area stated as not sufficiently reconstructable through a single approach, and (b) age between sixteen and sixty-five years. A total of forty-nine patients with fifty complex acetabular fractures could be included out of the series of ninety-six acetabular fractures treated operatively from August 1992 to February 1996. Open reduction and internal fixation of complex acetabular fractures through the modified extended iliofemoral approach were performed. RESULTS: In 80 percent of the fifty fractures the reduction was anatomic with a remaining displacement of less than or equal to one millimeter, in eight cases there was a persistent displacement of two millimeters, and two fractures had a poor result with a three-millimeter displacement. Complications included 8 percent loss of reduction, 13 percent heterotopic ossification grade 3, and 4 percent avascular femoral head necrosis. At the two-year follow-up there were 74 percent good or excellent radiographic and clinical results. Two patients had already been reoperated with total hip replacement, and the two patients with femoral head necrosis are currently scheduled for arthroplasty. CONCLUSIONS: The modified extended iliofemoral approach proved to be appropriate to achieve anatomic reduction in complex acetabular fractures. The high rate of approach-related morbidity has to be considered carefully and may lead to a decreased incidence of extended approaches.     

髋臼骨折手术并发症分析

目的探讨髋臼骨折手术并发症,提高髋臼骨折手术疗效。方法1998年6月~2006年12月手术治疗髋臼骨折95例,按Letounel-Judet分型,其中后壁骨折22例,后柱骨折8例,前壁骨折5例,前柱骨折6例,横形骨折15例,后柱伴后壁骨折8例,横形伴后壁骨折12例,"T"形骨折5例,前柱伴后半横形骨折3例,双柱骨折11例。根据不同骨折类型,手术分别采用Kocher-Langenbeck(K-L)入路52例,髂腹股沟入路35例,前后联合入路6例,髂股入路2例。对术后患者关节功能和主要并发症进行分析。结果所有病例平均随访26.8(6~48)个月。术后发生创伤性关节炎10例、股骨头坏死7例、异位骨化15例、坐骨神经损伤8例。结论正确选择手术时机、切口入路和内固定植入位置是减少髋臼骨折手术并发症的关键。     

Changes in the treatment of acetabular fractures over 15 years: Analysis of 1266 cases treated by the German Pelvic Multicentre Study Group (DAO/DGU)

Epidemiological, clinical and radiological data of 1266 patients with a unilateral acetabular fracture of up to 29 hospitals was reviewed. Three time periods, 1991-1993 (Registry I; n = 359), 1998-2000 (Registry II; n = 503), and 2005-2006 (Registry III; n = 404) were compared with regard to injury pattern and severity, fracture type, and chosen nonoperative vs. operative treatment to elucidate changes over time in the treatment of acetabular fractures. In the operatively treated group, time to operation, surgical approach, fracture fixation implants and fracture reduction quality were examined.641 (50.6%) patients with isolated acetabular fractures, 410 (32.4%) multiple injured and 215 (17.0%) polytrauma patients with 642 (50.7%) simple and 624 (49.3%) associated acetabular fractures were evaluated. In the time period from 1991 to 2006, the rate of operative treatments increased nationwide to 77% (ρ < 0.001). The distribution of fracture types involving the anterior and posterior wall changed with age (ρ < 0.001). Across all registries, 583 (68.0%) operations were performed within 7 days, 212 (24.7%) operations between 7 and 14 days and 54 (6.3%) operations were performed later than 14 days after injury. An anatomical reduction (0-1 mm displacement) was achieved in 551 (64%) acetabular fractures. The obtained reduction quality did not correlate with time to operation, was lower in associated than in simple fracture types, and also lower in patients with isolated acetabular fractures than in polytrauma patients. Most importantly, the fracture reduction quality did not improve over time despite a higher frequency of surgical interventions. The Kocher-Langenbeck approach was preferred in the nineties in nearly three quarters of all operative procedures. Currently, the Kocher-Langenbeck and the ilioinguinal approaches are used equally often. The fracture fixation did not change over time and is achieved in 51% with plates in combination with single screws.This multisurgeon series illustrates a nationwide performance in acetabular fracture management. Despite changes in the chosen approaches and an increased surgical frequency, the operative treatment of acetabular fractures of the last 15 years did not lead to an increased reduction quality. Therefore, the rarity and complexity of acetabular fractures demands further specific teaching by experienced acetabular surgeons, scientific research and clinical outcome evaluation.