小儿膜周部室间隔缺损介入治疗发生高度房室传导阻滞的特点及其处理（附9例报道）

目的探讨经导管介入治疗小儿膜周部室间隔缺损（VSD）发生高度房室传导阻滞（AVB）的特点及其处理。方法选择我科年龄小于12岁VSD患者,经导管介入治疗发生高度AVB的患儿,共计9（男4,女5）例,连续观察所有患儿封堵术前以及发生高度AVB后ECG的变化及其处理。结果①术中发生高度AVB5例,分别在AVB后10min～46h恢复正常窦性心律。其中3例为持续Ⅲ度AVB,经处理后2例转为持续Ⅱ度Ⅱ型,1例仍为持续Ⅲ度AVB;间歇性Ⅱ度Ⅱ型和Ⅲ度AVB各1例。②4例在术后12h～10d出现AVB,3例在AVB后1～12d恢复;1例未恢复,给予永久起搏器治疗。其中3例为间歇性高度或Ⅲ度AVB,1例为持续性Ⅲ度AVB。③术后AVB恢复的3例,在高度AVB时,ECG均表现为完全性右束支传导阻滞+左前分支传导阻滞。AVB后3～5d,ECG电轴左偏进一步加重,以后电轴左偏逐渐减轻,左前分支阻滞逐渐消失,至恢复时ECG仅遗留右束支传导阻滞。结论小儿膜周部VSD介入治疗有发生高度AVB的危险。对于高危患者,应尽早治疗。     

国产封堵器治疗膜部室间隔缺损并发心律失常的分析及两种防治措施对心律失常转归的影响

目的:探讨国产封堵器治疗膜部室间隔缺损(VSD)并发心律失常的原因及2种防治措施对心律失常转归的影响。方法:入选先天性心脏病膜部VSD并行介入治疗的患者260例,年龄(16.3±12.5)岁,经胸超声检查VSD大小为(6.0±3.2)mm,随机分成两组:A组(130例)介入术后常规静脉滴注地塞米松3~10mg,或后续口服强的松3~7d;B组(130例)介入术后根据是否并发心律失常情况再静脉滴注地塞米松3~10mg或后续口服强的松3~7d。统计分析所有患者术中及术后并发的各种心律失常,并对其处理,随访3~6个月,观察其转归。结果:260例膜部VSD患者介入术中或术后共并发心律失常55例,平均年龄(13.8±11.6)岁;出现时间(3.6±1.4)d。其中A组10例(发生率7.7%):完全性左束支阻滞1例,完全性右束支阻滞3例,不完全性右束支阻滞2例,加速性交界性心动过速伴干扰性房室脱节2例,左前分支阻滞2例;B组45例(发生率34.6%):一过性Ⅲ度房室传导阻滞1例,高度房室传导阻滞1例,完全性左束支阻滞4例,间歇性左右束支传导阻滞3例,完全性右束支阻滞10例,不完全性右束支阻滞11例,左前分支阻滞6例,加速性交界性心动过速伴干扰性房室脱节9例;两组术后心律失常发生率比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.01);经激素治疗后,B组中1例一过性Ⅲ度房室传导阻滞转为Ⅱ度Ⅰ型房室传导阻滞,随访3~6个月。B组中2例完全性右束支阻滞、2例不完全性右束支阻滞和3例左前分支传导阻滞未恢复,治愈率84.4%;而A组中只有1例完全性右束支阻滞治疗后未完全恢复,转为不完全性右束支阻滞,治愈率90%,两组术后心律失常治愈率比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:应用国产封堵器介入治疗VSD比较安全有效,严重并发症极少,主要并发症为各种心律失常,如果及时发现,并给予激素治疗,约90%可以恢复,术后常规给予激素治疗,可减少并发症,加快恢复。     

室间隔缺损介入封堵术后发生传导阻滞临床分析

目的探讨室间隔缺损（VSD）介入封堵术（TCO）后发生传导阻滞的特点及转归。方法选择在我院施行VSD者TCO患者45例，术中2例、术后11例出现传导阻滞，动态观察患者术前心电图及术后出现传导阻滞的时间、类型及转归，用统计学软件进行分析比较。结果传导阻滞手术前后发生率有显著性差异（P〈0．01），术后6个月的发生率与术前无差异（P〉0．05）。其中2例术中反复出现完全性房室传导阻滞（CAVB），被迫中止手术；术后11例发生传导阻滞，其中一度房室传导阻滞1例、二度房室传导阻滞2例、三度房室传导阻滞1例、完全性右束支传导阻滞（CRBBB）3例、CRBBB并左前分支阻滞（CLAFB）2例、不完全性RBBB及LAFB各1例。除1例二度房室传导阻滞及1例CRBBB未恢复外，其余均在14d内恢复，结论传导阻滞是VSD者TCO常见并发症，多数可恢复正常。故VSD者TCO是一种安全有效的治疗方法，近期疗效肯定，中远期疗效尚需进一步观察。     

室间隔缺损介入封堵治疗发生心律失常的临床研究

目的探讨室间隔缺损(VSD)经导管介入治疗发生心律失常的机制及防治对策。方法对79例VSD患者进行介入封堵治疗。膜周部VSD单纯型50例,膨出瘤型28例,肌部VSD1例。选用Rashkind双伞闭合器2例,Sideris钮扣闭合装置16例,Amplatzer PDA封堵器45例,Amplatzer偏心型膜周部封堵器11例,Am-platzer肌部VSD封堵器1例。结果79例患者75例封堵成功(94.9%)。术后新出现心律失常31例(41.3%),其中不完全性右束支传导阻滞17例(22.7%),完全性右束支传导阻滞3例(4%),完全性左束支传导阻滞6例(8%),室性早搏3例(4%),间歇性室上性心动过速2例(2.7%)。1例患者术前心电图示完全性右束支传导阻滞,术后第4天心电图表现为Ⅲ度房室传导阻滞,临床伴发阿—斯综合征。经紧急开胸心脏挤压,气管插管,安置心外膜临时起搏器,复苏成功,出院时患者心电图恢复至术前状态。其余25例束支传导阻滞,其中5例应用强的松30mg/日,一周后仅有2例存在不完全性右束支传导阻滞,1例存在不完全性左束支传导阻滞。3例室性早搏,2例为一过性,1例经抗心律失常药物治疗,出院时室性早搏仍有591次/24小时。结论经导管封堵VSD,出现心律失常达41.3%,但严重心律失常发生率低,是安全、有效可靠的治疗方法。     

房性早搏二联律伴交替性左前分支裂隙现象一例

患者男性,48岁。因胸闷、心悸1个月加重2天就诊。心电图:房性早搏(简称房早)二联律伴右束支传导阻滞合并交替性左前分支传导阻滞型室内差异传导。房早出现较晚时,P′R间期正常,QRS波呈右束支合并左前分支传导阻滞图形;房早出现较早时,P′R间期明显延长,QRS波仅呈右束支传导阻滞图形,左前分支传导阻滞消失。结论:房早时,左前分支发生交替性裂隙现象可能是本现象的主要机制。     

心源性脑缺氧

0177 三分支传导阻滞并频发心源性脑缺氧综合征2年一例报告朱慧英新医学11(10):538,1980 文中报告一例男性72岁患者,因2年来多次发生短暂性意识丧失、昏厥、小便失禁,瞬间自行缓解,醒后能从事一般生活活动。心电图检查结论:①完全性右束支传导阻滞;②完全性左前分支传导阻滞(永久性);③左后分支阻滞,呈正常—Ⅰ°—Ⅱ°—高度房室传导阻滞一完全性房室传导阻滞。临床     

交替性功能性完全性左、右束支传导阻滞并室上性心动过速一例

一例患者心电图示完全性左束支传导阻滞,心动过速发作时示室上性心动过速并完全性左束支传导阻滞,在行电生理检查时出现完全性房室传导阻滞,交替性完全性左、右束支传导阻滞及室性逸搏心律,立即临时心脏起搏并返回病房,患者房室传导功能恢复正常,心电图示完全性左束支传导阻滞。再次手术消融左侧隐匿旁道后,患者左束支传导阻滞图形消失,体表心电图完全恢复正常。     

儿童膜周部室间隔缺损介入治疗并发症的分析

目的:了解儿童膜周部室间隔缺损(ventricular septal defects,VSD)经导管介入治疗的并发症.方法:对接受了经导管介入治疗的89例膜周部VSD患儿的并发症进行分析.结果:89例患儿中85例(95.5%)封堵成功;9例(10.6%)发生了术后并发症,并发症有严重心律失常致抽搐、溶血,完全性左束支传导阻滞、左前分支传导阻滞、不完全性右束支传导阻滞等,经治疗均恢复正常.结论:介入治疗VSD的并发症主要是传导阻滞、溶血,经导管介入治疗VSD并发症发生率低,是相对安全、疗效可靠的治疗方法.     

明显冠脉病患者的休息时心电图

作者对106名经冠状动脉造影证实冠状动脉三条主支有明显病变患者的休息时心电图进行了分析。17人(16％)的心电图完全正常,心电图有异常的89人(84％)中,75人的QRS综合波不正常,其中绝大多数出现心肌梗死型的Q波(64人)。11人的心电图因束支传导阻滞而表现异常,额面电轴异常,左室肥厚或低电压。其中5人同时存在左前半阻滞和梗死型Q波,1人有下壁心肌梗死,2人有前中隔心肌梗死,1人有前侧壁心肌梗死,弓1人同时有下壁心肌梗死,异常的电轴左偏和右束支传导阻滞。又另1名具有右束支传导阻滞的患者,存在着提示有前侧壁陈旧性心肌梗死的Q波,5人单独出现左前半阻滞,4人单独出现左束支传导阻滞。3人分别单独出现低电压,异常的电轴右偏及左室肥厚。106人中有14人     

完全性右束支阻滞并间歇性不同步不等速左前左后分支阻滞

室内传导阻滞多数情况下是永久性的,但有时心肌暂时缺血、炎症或周身感染等变化,可在某一时期内出现束支或分支阻滞,恢复后即不再出现,称为间歇性束支传导阻滞。在临床心电图室工作中,最常见的双侧束支传导阻滞为右束支传导阻滞合并左前分支阻滞。不完全性双侧束支传导阻滞,在没有发展至完全性房室传导阻滞以前,往往表     

Pathogenesis of carcinoma of the papilla of Vater

Most adenomas and carcinomas of the small intestine and extrahepatic bile ducts arise in the region of the papilla of Vater. In familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) it is the main location for carcinomas after proctocolectomy. In many cases symptoms due to stenosis lead to diagnosis at an early tumor stage. In about 80%, curative intended resection is possible. Operability is the most relevant prognostic factor. Most ampullary carcinomas resp. carcinomas of the papilla of Vater develop from adenomatous or flat dysplastic precursor lesions. They can be sited in the ampulloduodenal part of the papilla of Vater, which is lined by intestinal mucosa. They also can develop in deeper parts of the ampulla, which are lined by pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa. Intestinal-type adenocarcinoma and pancreaticobiliary-type adenocarcinoma represent the main histological types of ampullary carcinoma. Furthermore, there exist unusual types and undifferentiated carcinomas. Many carcinomas of intestinal type express the immunohistochemical marker profile of intestinal mucosa (keratin 7?, keratin 20+, MUC2+). Carcinomas of pancreaticobiliary type usually show the immunohistochemical profile of pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa (keratin 7+, keratin 20?, MUC2?). Even poorly differentiated carcinomas, as well as unusual histological types, may conserve the marker profile of the mucosa they developed from. These findings underline the concept of histogenetically different carcinomas of the papilla of Vater which develop either from intestinal- or from pancreaticobiliary-type mucosa of the papilla of Vater. Molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas are similar to those of colorectal as well as pancreatic carcinomas, although they appear at different frequencies. In future studies, molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas should be correlated closely with the different histologic tumor types. Consequently, the histologic classification should reflect the histogenesis of ampullary tumors from the two different types of papillary mucosa.     

Demonstration of the mechanism of action of biguanides

Summary Palmitic acid oxidation in rat diaphragm homogenate is depressed by biguanide concentrations that are still incapable of inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation. Glucose oxidation is not directly effected by the same biguanide concentrations: however, the inhibitory effect of palmitic acid on glucose oxidation is partly removed by biguanides. Inhibition of fatty acid oxidation, which accounts for most of the metabolic effects caused by these drugs, can be regarded as the fundamental mechanism of action of biguanides. There is some evidence suggesting that these drugs might interact with carnitine, thus preventing long-chain fatty acids from being transported across the mitochondrial membrane to the site of oxidation. Traduzione a cura degli AA.     

胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点分析

目的胰岛素瘤是最常见的胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤，因其临床表现多样，导致诊断困难。影像学诊断尤其是超声内镜(EUS)在胰岛素瘤的诊断中起着重要作用，拥有较高的敏感性和特异性。本研究拟通过明确胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点，以期有助于提高影像学的诊断准确率和降低漏诊率，尤其是在教育和培训实践中对于EUS的学习者更具有指导价值。 方法回顾性分析解放军总医院第一医学中心病案资料数据库1993年1月至2019年11月经外科手术、病理确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者的临床资料，检索方法采取搜索术后病理诊断为"胰岛素瘤"的病例，通过查阅病例的方法，提取出胰岛素瘤的大小和解剖分布等数据，进一步分析其特点。 结果共检索到确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者116例，其中，男45例、女71例，年龄13～76岁，平均年龄(44.4±14.85)岁。胰岛素瘤单发110例(94.8%)、多发6例(5.2%)。位置分布：头颈部46例(39.7%)，单发45例、多发1例；体尾部68例(58.6%)，单发65例、多发3例；全胰腺多发2例(1.7%)。病变大小特点：最大径0.4～3.4 cm，平均大小(1.53±0.58)cm。≤1 cm 29例、>1 cm而≤1.5 cm41例、>1.5 cm而≤2.0 cm28例，≤3 cm 15例，>3 cm 3例。年龄与肿瘤的大小相关，≤44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.36±0.51)cm、>44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.70±0.60)cm，P<0.05。头颈部的肿瘤大于体尾部的肿瘤，头颈部肿瘤平均大小(1.66±0.63)cm，体尾部(1.42±0.52)cm，P<0.05。 结论胰岛素瘤在胰腺体尾部较头颈部更好发；绝大多数单发，但可以全胰腺多发；多数小于1.5 cm，肿瘤的大小与患者年龄和肿瘤的解剖分布相关。     

氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性评价

目的评价氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性，为现场大规模应用灭螺提供依据。方法按照中华人民共和国国家标准GB 15670-1995《农药登记毒理学试验方法》和鱼类毒性试验方法进行。结果经口、经皮肤的LDso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000 mg/kg，经呼吸道的LCso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000mg/m3，该药经口、经皮肤、经呼吸道毒性均属微毒类药物；兔眼用药后，观察期内无不良反应，对眼无刺激性；皮肤用药后对皮肤无刺激性。与氯硝柳胺原药、氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐原药和氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂相比，氯硝柳胺悬浮剂对鱼急性毒性最低。结论氯硝柳胺悬浮剂属微毒类药物，对鱼的毒性低于其乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂，适合于现场应用。     

Lack of correlation of degree of villous atrophy with severity of clinical presentation of coeliac disease

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Both the clinical presentation and the degree of mucosal damage in coeliac disease vary greatly. In view of conflicting information as to whether the mode of presentation correlates with the degree of villous atrophy, we reviewed a large cohort of patients with coeliac disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We correlated mode of presentation (classical, diarrhoea predominant or atypical/silent) with histology of duodenal biopsies and examined their trends over time. RESULTS: The cohort consisted of 499 adults, mean age 44.1 years, 68% females. The majority had silent coeliac disease (56%) and total villous atrophy (65%). There was no correlation of mode of presentation with the degree of villous atrophy (p=0.25). Sixty-eight percent of females and 58% of males had a severe villous atrophy (p=0.052). There was a significant trend over time for a greater proportion of patients presenting as atypical/silent coeliac disease and having partial villous atrophy, though the majority still had total villous atrophy. CONCLUSIONS: Among our patients the degree of villous atrophy in duodenal biopsies did not correlate with the mode of presentation, indicating that factors other than the degree of villous atrophy must account for diarrhoea in coeliac disease.     

血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展

血吸虫童虫是宿主免疫系统攻击的重要靶标,包括皮肤型、肺型和肝门型童虫。宿主分子对童虫生长发育具有重要作用。童虫生长发育机制包括免疫调节、信号转导、性别发育及凋亡等。肌动蛋白、组织蛋白酶、烯醇化酶和葡萄糖基转移酶等分子为血吸虫童虫生长发育的重要分子。本文对血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展做一综述。     

124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌基因突变特征分析

目的对临床分离的耐多药结核分枝杆菌相关基因的突变特征进行分析。方法对124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌以及50株敏感株的耐药相关基因(包括异烟肼inh A、kat G、oxyR-ahp C间隔区以及利福平rpo B)进行序列测定,分析其基因突变情况。结果异烟肼耐药inh A基因突变率为14.5%;kat G基因突变率为70.2%(87/124),主要位于315位;oxyR-ahp C间隔区突变率为15.3%;inh A、kat G两种基因同时突变率75.0%,三种基因同时突变率为89.5%。利福平rpo B基因突变的检出率高达95.2%,突变主要发生在531、526、516位点。结论我省耐多药菌异烟肼耐药相关基因最常见突变为kat G 315、inh A C-T(-15)、axyR-ahp C间隔区(-10)C-T,利福平为rpo B531、526、516。结合MDR-TB耐药相关基因的特征分析,可以建立一种快速、准确、特异的适合于我省的检测结核菌耐多药性的新方法。     

Assessment of quality of life of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis

The aim of the study was to assess the quality of life (QOL) and the psychological status of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA). The QOL, anxiety and depression of the parents of 28 children with JCA were evaluated and compared to those of the parents of 28 healthy children. Mothers of JCA children and mothers of healthy children reported similar QOL. The reported anxiety and depression levels were similar for mothers and fathers in both groups. The parents of children with pauciarticular-type JCA reported lower QOL and higher levels of anxiety and depression than the parents of children with other types, namely polyarticular and systemic JCA. These findings may be explained by the fact that the pauciarticular patients had shorter disease duration and were less frequently seen in the outpatient clinic. The QOL of mothers of children with JCA was found to be slightly impaired in the group of children with pauciarticular JCA. Future larger studies are needed to confirm these results, as the number of subjects in the three groups was rather low. Received: 26 September 2001 / Accepted: 8 February 2002     

CagA-Hp抗体IgG与胃炎的组织学分析

研究幽门螺杆菌(Hp)感染与胃炎的关系。方法对204例慢性胃炎患者胃粘膜进行观察分析,并测定其中137例Hp阳性患者血清CagA-Hp抗体IgG水平,与组织学对照。结果慢性萎缩性胃炎伴肠上皮化生患者血清CagA抗体IgG明显高于对照组(P＜0.01);其他类型胃炎患者血清CagA抗体IgG水平无明显增高(P＞0.05)。结论CagA-Hp可能是导致慢性萎缩性胃炎伴肠上皮化生的因素之一,对这类患者应密切随访观察。     

慢阻肺急性加重期患者预后的影响因素分析

目的探讨慢性阻塞性肺病急性加重期(AECOPD)患者预后的相关危险因素。方法回顾性调查、收集58例AECOPD患者可能影响其预后的相关因素,并对其分别进行单因素分析。并进行Logistic多元逐步回归进行多因素分析,筛选影响AECOPD患者预后的独立危险因素。结果单因素分析后将结果 P0.1的因素纳入多因素Logistic回归,分析发现是否合并呼吸衰竭、气促程度、白细胞计数、APACHEⅡ、应用抗氧化剂、慢阻肺治疗依从性为影响AECOPD患者预后不佳的独立因素(P0.05)。结论根据AECOPD患者预后的独立危险因素,及早判断,选择合适的后续治疗方案,对提高其生存率及生存质量具有重要意义。