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Alison Connolly Kate Jones Karen S. Galea Ioannis Basinas Laura Kenny Padraic McGowan Marie Coggins 《International journal of hygiene and environmental health》2017,220(6):1064-1073
Background
Pesticides and their potential adverse health effects are of great concern and there is a dearth of knowledge regarding occupational exposure to pesticides among amenity horticulturalists.Objective
This study aims to measure occupational exposures to amenity horticuturalists using pesticides containing the active ingredients, glyphosate and fluroxypyr by urinary biomonitoring.Methods
A total of 40 work tasks involving glyphosate and fluroxypyr were surveyed over the period of June – October 2015. Workers used a variety of pesticide application methods; manual knapsack sprayers, controlled droplet applicators, pressurised lance applicators and boom sprayers. Pesticide concentrations were measured in urine samples collected pre and post work tasks using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). Differences in pesticide urinary concentrations pre and post work task, and across applications methods were analysed using paired t-tests and linear regression.Results
Pesticide urinary concentrations were higher than those reported for environmental exposures and comparable to those reported in some agricultural studies. Log-transformed pesticide concentrations were statistically significantly higher in post-work samples compared to those in pre-work samples (paired t-test, p < 0.001; for both μg L?1 and μmol/mol creatinine). Urinary pesticide concentrations in post-work samples had a geometric mean (geometric standard deviation) of 0.66 (1.11) μg L?1 for glyphosate and 0.29 (1.69) μg L?1 for fluroxypyr. Linear regression revealed a statistically significant positive association to exist between the time-interval between samples and the log-transformed adjusted (i.e. post- minus pre-task) pesticide urinary concentrations (β = 0.0039; p < 0.0001).Conclusion
Amenity horticulturists can be exposed to pesticides during tasks involving these products. Further research is required to evaluate routes of exposure among this occupational group. 相似文献3.
Ramon Mir-Abellán Anna Falcó-Pegueroles María Luisa de la Puente-Martorell 《Gaceta sanitaria / S.E.S.P.A.S》2017,31(2):145-149
Objective
To describe attitudes towards patient safety culture among workers in a hospital setting and determine the influence of socio-demographic and professional variables.Methods
The Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture was distributed among a sample of professionals and nursing assistants. A dimension was considered a strength if positive responses exceeded 75% and an opportunity for improvement if more than 50% of responses were negative.Results
59% (n = 123) of respondents rated safety between 7 and 8. 53% (n = 103) stated that they had not used the notification system to report any incidents in the previous twelve months. The strength identified was “teamwork in the unit/service” and the opportunity for improvement was “staffing”. A more positive attitude was observed in outpatient services and among nursing professionals and part-time staff.Conclusions
This study has allowed us to determine the rating of the hospital in patient safety culture. This is vital for developing improvement strategies. 相似文献4.
Objective
To explore what hospitals and primary care (PC) are doing to reduce the negative social impact of a serious adverse event (AE).Methods
We surveyed 195 hospital (n = 113) and PC (n = 82) managers from eight autonomous communities to explore the level of implementation of five interventions recommended after an AE to protect the reputation of healthcare institutions.Results
Most institutions (70, 45.2% PC, and 85, 54.8% hospitals) did not have a crisis plan to protect their reputation after an AE. Internal (p = 0.0001) and external (p = 0.012) communications were addressed better in PC than in hospitals. Very few institutions had defined the managers’ role in case of an AE (10.7% hospitals versus 6.25% PC).Conclusion
A majority of healthcare institutions have not planned crisis intervention after an AE with severe consequences nor have they defined plans to recover citizens’ trust after an AE. 相似文献5.
Shirley Pérez-Romero Juan J. Gascón-Cánovas Diego Salmerón-Martínez Pedro Parra-Hidalgo Olga Monteagudo-Piqueras 《Gaceta sanitaria / S.E.S.P.A.S》2017,31(5):416-422
Objective
To determine which factors of the socioeconomic and health contexts influence the perception of the satisfaction of the population with the health services.Methods
The data come from the European Health Survey of 2009. In the 22,188 subjects surveyed, the relationship between the perception of satisfaction with the health services received and the individual and contextual variables was studied, applying a multilevel analysis.Results
The factors of the socioeconomic and health contexts that influence satisfaction are: higher rates of low level of studies where the perception of excellence is less likely (odds ratio [OR]: 0.48-0.82) and dissatisfaction is more prevalent (OR: 1.46-1.63). Likewise, the proportion of unsatisfied citizens is lower when per capita expenditure on health services is very high (>1400 €) (OR: 0.49-0.87) and the ratio “primary health care physicians/inhabitants” is high (>60) (OR: 0.500.85). In addition, the prevalence of dissatisfaction describes a positive linear trend with the unemployment rate (OR: 1.12; p = 0.0001) and the relative magnitude of the services sector (OR: 1.03; p = 0.001). By contrast, this linear trend is negative as the Health Care Coverage Ratio increases (OR: 0.88; p = 0.04).Conclusions
The individual factors that determine patient satisfaction are: sex, age, mental health and country of birth. In addition, there are differences in patient satisfaction among the autonomous communities according to socio-economic determinants such as GDP per capita, low-level study rates, unemployment rates or number of inhabitants/doctor's ratio. User satisfaction studies as well as being adjusted for individual variables such as sex, age or health level should also take into account characteristics of the socioeconomic environment of the geographic area where they reside. 相似文献6.
Riyadh Alshamsan Hannah Leslie Azeem Majeed Margaret Kruk 《Health policy (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》2017,121(3):315-320
Background
Countries globally are pursuing universal health coverage to ensure better healthcare for their populations and prevent households from catastrophic expenditure. The countries of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) have and continue to implement reforms to strengthen their health systems. A common theme between the countries is their pursuit of universal health coverage to provide access to necessary health care without exposing people to financial hardship.Methods
Using nationally representative data from the Global Findex study, we sought to analyze the hardship faced by individuals from four high-income countries in the GCC. We estimated the weighted proportion of individuals borrowing for medical reasons and those who are not able to obtain emergency funds. We further examined variations in these outcomes by key socioeconomic factors.Results
We found up to 11% of respondents borrowed money for medical purposes, double of that reported in other high-income countries. In contrast to affluent respondents, we found that respondents from deprived background were more likely to borrow money for medical purposes (adjusted odds ratio: 1.81, P < 0.001) and expected to fail in obtaining emergency funds (adjusted odds ratio: 4.03, P < 0.001).Conclusion
In moving forward with their reforms, GCC countries should adopt a financing strategy that addresses the health needs of poorer groups in their pursuit of universal health coverage. 相似文献7.
A.M. Holman J. Allyn G. Miltgen N. Lugagne N. Traversier S. Picot A. Lignereux C. Oudin O. Belmonte N. Allou 《Médecine et maladies infectieuses》2017,47(5):333-339
Background
The aim of this study was to trace the emergence of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) on Reunion Island, a French overseas territory well suited for the surveillance of CPE emergence in patients from the entire Indian Ocean Region.Methods
This retrospective multicenter study was conducted on Reunion Island between 2010 and 2015.Results
A total of 43 CPEs were isolated during the course of the study, in 36 patients (50% in the last year alone). Among these patients, 21 had a link with a foreign country (58%), mainly Mauritius (47.6%). Over the same period, CPEs were isolated from 13 of 1735 (0.7%) repatriated patients to Reunion Island from another country of the Indian Ocean Region. The incidence of isolation of CPEs in the repatriated patients treated in Mauritius was higher (9.2%) than in patients treated in Madagascar or the Comoros Islands (< 1%, P < 0.001). The most commonly isolated microorganism was Klebsiella pneumoniae (39.5%). The most frequently identified carbapenemase was NDM-1 (81.4%); 100% and 56% of the NDM-1 strains were susceptible to tigecycline and colistin, respectively. In-hospital mortality rate was higher in patients presenting with CPE infection than in patients without CPE infection (75% vs. 25%, P = 0.04).Conclusion
As elsewhere in the world, the number of CPE cases on Reunion Island is on the rise. Most cases involve patients from Mauritius, which justifies screening and isolating CPE in patients from that country. 相似文献8.
Borami Ahn Shin-Hye Kim Mi-Jung Park 《International journal of hygiene and environmental health》2017,220(1):37-42
Objective
To assess blood cadmium levels in Korean adolescents with respect to demographic and lifestyle factors.Methods
We analyzed data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2010 to 2013, totaling 1472 adolescents aged 10–18 years. Geometric means of blood cadmium were calculated using a complex samples general linear model to compare blood levels in different demographic and lifestyle groups. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were also used to find predictors for high blood cadmium (>90th percentile).Results
The geometric mean of the blood cadmium concentrations was 0.30 μg/L in Korean adolescents. Older age, type of housing (multifamily house and commercial building), smoking and alcohol consumption, and iron deficiency/iron deficiency anemia (IDA) were significantly associated with higher blood cadmium concentrations (P < 0.05). Blood cadmium concentrations were not significantly affected by gender, region, body mass index status, or household income. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, independent predictors for higher blood cadmium levels included current smoker (OR = 7.77), alcohol consumption (OR = 4.31), living in a multifamily house or commercial building (OR = 3.11–3.46), and IDA (OR = 2.64).Conclusions
Possible associations between blood cadmium levels and type of housing or alcohol consumption in adolescents are suggested for the first time in this study. Further studies are needed to elucidate the mechanism of these findings. 相似文献9.
A. Gagneux-Brunon E. Botelho-Nevers P. Delanaye F. Lucht A. Frésard C. Cazorla C. Guglielminotti C. Fafin C. Mariat O. Moranne 《Médecine et maladies infectieuses》2017,47(4):266-270
Objectives
To evaluate concordance between glomerular filtration rate (GFR) estimates (Cockcroft and Gault, modification of diet in renal diseases, chronic kidney disease epidemiology study group equations) for drug dosing in HIV-infected patients.Patients and methods
We performed a monocentric study. GFR was measured using the gold standard method (plasma clearance of iohexol) in 230 HIV-infected patients. Concordance rate was evaluated between measured GFR (mGFR) and estimated GFR (eGFR) for different GFR categories (GFR > 90 mL/min, GFR < 90 mL/min, GFR > 70 mL/min, and GFR < 70 mL/min). MDRD and CKD-EPI were used with and without indexation to body surface area (BSA).Results
Mean age was 48 ± 10 years, mean mGFR was 101 ± 26 mL/min. Concordance between mGFR and eGFR estimated with CG, CKD-EPI (indexed and not indexed to BSA), or MDRD equations (not indexed to BSA) was similar (73%, 73%, 74%, and 73% respectively) for a breakpoint value of 90 mL/min for GFR. At this value, the concordance rate between mGFR and MDRD indexed to BSA was significantly lower (65%, P < 0.05). Using 70 mL/min of GFR as the breakpoint value, all equations had similar concordance rates with mGFR (with or without indexation to BSA).Conclusion
CKD-EPI equation has the same concordance with GFR and with CG when used for drug dosing. 相似文献10.
Dan Norbäck Jamal Hisham Hashim Zailina Hashim Vinoshini Sooria Syazwan Aizat Ismail Gunilla Wieslander 《International journal of hygiene and environmental health》2017,220(4):697-703
Background
There are few studies on ocular effects of indoor mould exposure in schools, especially in the tropicsObjective
To study associations between eye symptoms and tear film break up time (BUT) in students and demographic data and fungal DNA in schools.Methods
A school environment study was performed among randomly selected students in eight randomly selected secondary schools in Penang, Malaysia. Information on eye symptoms and demographic data was collected by a standardised questionnaire. BUT was measured by two methods, self-reported BUT (SBUT) and by the non-invasive Tearscope (NIBUT). Dust was collected by vacuuming in 32 classrooms and analysed for five fungal DNA sequences. Geometric mean (GM) for total fungal DNA was 7.31*104 target copies per gram dust and for Aspergillus/Penicillium DNA 3.34*104 target copies per gram dust. Linear mixed models and 3-level multiple logistic regression were applied adjusting for demographic factors.Results
A total of 368 students (58%) participated and 17.4% reported weekly eye symptoms the last 3 months. The median SBUT and TBUT were 15 and 12 s, respectively. Students wearing glasses (OR 2.41, p = 0.01) and with a history of atopy (OR = 2.67; p = 0.008) had more eye symptoms. Girls had less eye symptoms than boys (OR = 0.34; p = 0.006) Indoor carbon dioxide in the classrooms was low (range 380–720 ppm), temperature was 25–30 °C and relative air humidity 70–88%. Total fungal DNA in vacuumed dust was associated with shorter SBUT (4 s shorter per 105 target copies per gram dust; p = 0.04) and NIBUT (4 s shorter per 105 target copies per gram dust; p < 0.001). Aspergillus/Penicillium DNA was associated with shorter NIBUT (5 s shorter per 105 target copies per gram dust; p = 0.01).Conclusion
Fungal contamination in schools in a tropical country can be a risk factor for impaired tear film stability among students. 相似文献11.
María G. Rodríguez-Zamora Lourdes Medina-Escobar Glend Mora Jan-Paul Zock Berna van Wendel de Joode Ana M. Mora 《International journal of hygiene and environmental health》2017,220(6):1039-1045
Background
About 12 million workers are involved in the production of basic grains in Central America. However, few studies in the region have examined the occupational factors associated with inhalable dust exposure.Objectives
(i) To assess the exposure to inhalable dust in workers from rice, maize, and wheat storage facilities in Costa Rica; (ii) to examine the occupational factors associated with this exposure; and (iii) to measure concentrations of respirable and thoracic particles in different areas of the storage facilities.Methods
We measured inhalable (<100 μm) dust concentrations in 176 personal samples collected from 136 workers of eight grain storage facilities in Costa Rica. We also measured respirable (<4 μm) and thoracic (<10 μm) dust particles in several areas of the storage facilities.Results
Geometric mean (GM) and geometric standard deviation (GSD) inhalable dust concentrations were 2.0 mg/m3 and 7.8 (range = < 0.2–275.4 mg/m3). Personal inhalable dust concentrations were associated with job category [GM for category/GM for administrative staff and other workers (95% CI) = 4.4 (2.6, 7.2) for packing; 20.4 (12.3, 34.7) for dehulling; 109.6 (50.1, 234.4) for unloading in flat bed sheds; 24.0 (14.5, 39.8) for unloading in pits; and 31.6 (18.6, 52.5) for drying], and cleaning task [15.8 (95% CI: 10.0, 26.3) in workers who cleaned in addition to their regular tasks]. Higher area concentrations of thoracic dust particles were found in wheat (GM and GSD = 4.3 mg/m3 and 4.5) and maize (3.0 mg/m3 and 3.9) storage facilities, and in grain drying (2.3 mg/m3 and 3.1) and unloading (1.5 mg/m3 and 4.8) areas.Conclusions
Operators of grain storage facilities showed elevated inhalable dust concentrations, mostly above international exposure limits. Better engineering and administrative controls are needed. 相似文献12.
Erika M. Redding María Teresa Ruiz-Cantero José Fernández-Sáez Marta Guijarro-Garvi 《Gaceta sanitaria / S.E.S.P.A.S》2017,31(2):82-88
Objective
Considering both the economic crisis of 2008 and the Gender Equality Law (2007), this study analyses the association between gender inequality in Spanish Autonomous Communities (AC) and intimate partner violence (IPV) from 2006 to 2014 in terms of socio-demographic characteristics.Methods
Ecological study in the 17 Spanish AC on the correlation between the reported cases by IPV and deaths and the Gender Inequality Index and its dimensions: empowerment, participation in the labour market and adolescent birth rates; and their correlation with Young People Not in Education, Employment or Training (NEET).Results
In 2006, IPV mortality rates were higher in autonomous communities with greater gender inequality than AC with more equality (4.1 vs. 2.5 × 106 women >14 years), as were reporting rates of IPV (OR = 1.49; 95% CI: 1.47-1.50). In 2014, the IPV mortality rates in AC with greater gender inequality fell to just below the mortality rates in AC with more gender equality (2.5 vs. 2.7 × 106 women >14 years). Rates of IPV reports also decreased (OR = 1.22; 95% CI: 1.20-1.23). Adolescent birth rates were most associated with IPV reports, which were also associated with the burden of NEET by AC (ρ2006 = 0.494, ρ2014 = 0.615).Conclusion
Gender-sensitive policies may serve as a platform for reduced mortality and reports of IPV in Spain, particularly in AC with more gender inequality. A reduction of NEET may reduce adolescent birth rates and in turn IPV rates. 相似文献13.
John R. Weinstein Renée Asteria-Peñaloza Anaité Diaz-Artiga Gilberto Davila S. Katharine Hammond Ian T. Ryde Joel N. Meyer Neal Benowitz Lisa M. Thompson 《International journal of hygiene and environmental health》2017,220(4):726-735
Background
Household air pollution is a major contributor to death and disability worldwide. Over 95% of rural Guatemalan households use woodstoves for cooking or heating. Woodsmoke contains carcinogenic or fetotoxic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Increased PAHs and VOCs have been shown to increase levels of oxidative stress.Objective
We examined PAH and VOC exposures among recently pregnant rural Guatemalan women exposed to woodsmoke and compared exposures to levels seen occupationally or among smokers.Methods
Urine was collected from 23 women who were 3 months post-partum three times over 72 h: morning (fasting), after lunch, and following dinner or use of wood-fired traditional sauna baths (samples = 68). Creatinine-adjusted urinary concentrations of metabolites of four PAHs and eight VOCs were analyzed by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. Creatinine-adjusted urinary biomarkers of oxidative stress, 8-isoprostane and 8-OHdG, were analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). Long-term (pregnancy through 3 months prenatal) exposure to particulate matter and airborne PAHs were measured.Results
Women using wood-fueled chimney stoves are exposed to high levels of particulate matter (median 48 h PM2.5 105.7 μg/m3; inter-quartile range (IQR): 77.6–130.4). Urinary PAH and VOC metabolites were significantly associated with woodsmoke exposures: 2-naphthol (median (IQR) in ng/mg creatinine: 295.9 (74.4–430.9) after sauna versus 23.9 (17.1–49.5) fasting; and acrolein: 571.7 (429.3–1040.7) after sauna versus 268.0 (178.3–398.6) fasting. Urinary PAH (total PAH: ρ = 0.89, p < 0.001) and VOC metabolites of benzene (ρ = 0.80, p < 0.001) and acrylonitrile (ρ = 0.59, p < 0.05) were strongly correlated with long-term exposure to particulate matter. However urinary biomarkers of oxidative stress were not correlated with particulate matter (ρ = 0.01 to 0.05, p > 0.85) or PAH and VOC biomarkers (ρ = -0.20 to 0.38, p > 0.07). Urinary metabolite concentrations were significantly greater than those of heavy smokers (mean cigarettes/day = 18) across all PAHs. In 15 (65%) women, maximum 1-hydroxypyrene concentrations exceeded the occupational exposure limit of coke-oven workers.Conclusions
The high concentrations of urinary PAH and VOC metabolites among recently pregnant women is alarming given the detrimental fetal and neonatal effects of prenatal PAH exposure. As most women used chimney woodstoves, cleaner fuels are critically needed to reduce smoke exposure. 相似文献14.
Anna Maria Ingelido Vittorio Abate Annalisa Abballe Fulvia Lucia Albano Tatiana Battista Valter Carraro Michele Conversano Rosa Corvetti Silvia De Luca Silva Franchini Anna Rita Fulgenzi Laura Giambanco Nicola Iacovella Anna Laura Iamiceli Antonio Maiorana Francesco Maneschi Valentina Marra Flavia Pirola Elena De Felip 《International journal of hygiene and environmental health》2017,220(2):378-386
Background
Polychlorinated dibenzodioxins (PCDDs), polychlorodibenzofurans (PCDFs), and polychlorobiphenyls (PCBs) are persistent organic pollutants that represent a major concern for women of reproductive age because of the neurodevelopmental effects associated to perinatal exposure.Objectives
This study was aimed at characterizing exposure of women of reproductive age to PCDDs, PCDFs, and PCBs as a function of residence in different Italian Regions, in areas at presumable different environmental contamination and human exposure to these pollutants.Methods
Study participants were enrolled in 2011–2012 in 6 Italian Regions representative of Northern, Central and Southern Italy; in each region, areas at presumed different exposure (rural, urban and industrial) were selected for enrolment. Each participant provided a serum sample for the analysis of PCDDs, PCDFs and PCBs.Results
Median concentrations of PCDDs + PCDFs, DL-PCBs, NDL6-PCBs and NDL9-PCBs in serum samples were respectively 6.0 and 3.5 pgWHO-TE05/g fat, and 75 and 93 ng/g fat.Age was the variable that most affected median serum concentrations.Age adjusted concentrations were found significantly different between geographical zones: women from Northern Italy showed the highest values, followed by Central and Southern Italy.PCDDs + PCDFs concentrations were significantly higher in the group of women residing in industrial areas compared to the group residing in rural areas.A clear diminishing temporal trend was observed compared to levels reported in previous studies.Conclusions
This study produced the largest dataset on serum concentrations of PCDDs, PCDFs and PCBs in women of childbearing age in Italy.Results
confirmed that environmental and lifestyle factors may influence exposure to these contaminants and thereby the body burden.The observed marked temporal decline in body burden during three decades is in agreement with the general trend observed worldwide. 相似文献15.
Cristina Martínez Carlos Méndez María Sánchez José María Martínez-Sánchez 《Gaceta sanitaria / S.E.S.P.A.S》2017,31(2):132-138
Objective
To assess attitudes towards the extension of outdoor smoke-free areas on university campuses.Methods
Cross-sectional study (n = 384) conducted using a questionnaire administered to medical and nursing students in Barcelona in 2014. Information was obtained pertaining to support for indoor and outdoor smoking bans on university campuses, and the importance of acting as role models. Logistic regression analyses were performed to examine agreement.Results
Most of the students agreed on the importance of health professionals and students as role models (74.9% and 64.1%, respectively) although there were statistically significant differences by smoking status and age. 90% of students reported exposure to smoke on campus. Students expressed strong support for indoor smoke-free policies (97.9%). However, only 39.3% of participants supported regulation of outdoor smoking for university campuses. Non-smokers (OR = 12.315; 95% CI: 5.377-28.204) and students ≥22 years old (OR = 3.001; 95% CI: 1.439-6.257) were the strongest supporters.Conclusions
The students supported indoor smoke-free policies for universities. However, support for extending smoke-free regulations to outdoor areas of university campuses was limited. It is necessary to educate students about tobacco control and emphasise their importance as role models before extending outdoor smoke-free legislation at university campuses. 相似文献16.
Charles Miller Roxanne Karimi Qiao Zhang Jie Yang Jaymie Meliker 《International journal of hygiene and environmental health》2017,220(2):373-377
Background and aim
Moderate fish consumption is recommended for prevention of coronary heart disease (CHD) as docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) have known beneficial effects on risk factors such as reducing blood pressure (BP) and increasing paraoxonase-1 (PON-1) activity. However concomitant methylmercury (MeHg) exposure from fish consumption may mitigate these benefits and the net effect on BP and PON-1 activity has not been extensively studied in western populations consuming diverse seafood types. We studied the correlation between EPA, DHA and Hg levels with BP and PON-1 activity in a population of avid seafood consumers.Methods
Two hundred and eighty-eight avid seafood consumers from Long Island, NY had blood samples drawn for total blood mercury (THg), plasma EPA and DHA levels, and plasma PON-1 activity. Average systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and pulse pressure (PP) were measured.Results
Subjects’ mean EPA + DHA was 4.9% total fatty acids, mean THg was 7.6mcg/L. Mean SBP was 122.5 mmHg, mean DBP 70.3 mmHg, mean PP 52.2 mmHg and mean PON-1 activity 421.2U/L. THg was not associated with any of the BP measures in adjusted linear regression models; EPA + DHA was significantly inversely associated with PP (p = 0.02). THg was associated with a significant increase in PON-1 activity (p = 0.04), while EPA + DHA was associated with a significant decrease in PON-1 activity (p = 0.007); although the size of the effects was small.Conclusions
Our findings suggest blood THg and serum DHA + EPA levels have limited relationship to BP and PON-1 activity, and may not be important modulators of these known CHD risk factors in this population of avid seafood consumers. 相似文献17.
Xavier Continente Anna Pérez Albert Espelt Carles Ariza María José López 《Gaceta sanitaria / S.E.S.P.A.S》2017,31(4):332-335
Objective
We aimed to analyse the prevalence of having multiple lifestyle risk behaviours (LRB) and the potential relationship between excess weight (including overweight and obesity) and cumulative multiple LRB among adolescents in Barcelona, Spain.Methods
A cross-sectional study was performed among a representative sample of 3,114 secondary school students in Barcelona. Height and weight were objectively measured and excess weight was defined in accordance with World Health Organization criteria. Information on screen time, breakfast, physical activity and sleep duration was obtained through a self-administered questionnaire.Results
More than 80% of the students had at least two LRBs. In compulsory schooling, the adjusted prevalence ratio (aPR) of excess weight increased with a higher number of reported LRBs (four LRBs: aPR = 1.56; 95% confidence interval: 1.19-2.05).Conclusions
These results highlight the importance of a multiple-behaviour approach in preventive programmes aimed at reducing adolescent obesity. 相似文献18.
Nalini Sathiakumar Meghan Tipre Anne Turner-Henson Ligong Chen Mark Leader Julia Gohlke 《International journal of hygiene and environmental health》2017,220(1):1-7
Purpose
The goal of the study was to characterize risk pertaining to seafood consumption patterns following the Deepwater Horizon oil spill, among school children (K to 4th grade) residing in close proximity to the Gulf of Mexico in Mobile County, Alabama.Methods
Responses on seafood consumption pattern including the type of seafood and intake rate during the pre and post oil spill periods, from parents of 55 school children from three schools located <20 mile radius from the Gulf of Mexico shoreline (coastal group) were compared with those from parents of 55 children from three schools located ≥20 miles away from the shoreline (inland group). We also estimated levels of concern (LOCs) in seafood for selected chemicals found in crude oil including heavy metals, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), and dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate (DOSS), the primary compound in dispersants.Results
The coastal group ate more seafood consisting primarily of crustaceans (62% vs. 42%, p = 0.04) and fin fish (78% vs. 58%, p = 0.02) from the Gulf of Mexico compared to the inland group, while the inland group ate more fin fish not found in the Gulf of Mexico (62% vs. 33%, p < 0.01). In the post-oil spill time period, both groups substantially reduced their consumption of sea food. On average, the coastal group ate ≥2 seafood meals per week, while the inland group ate ≤1 meal per week; these frequency patterns persisted in the post oil-spill period. Comparison of the estimated LOCs with contaminant levels detected in the seafood tested by the Food and Drug Administration and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, post-oil spill, found that the levels of PAHs, arsenic, and DOSS in seafood were 1–2 orders of magnitude below the LOCs calculated in our study. Levels of methyl mercury (MeHg) in the seafood tested pre- and post- oil spill were higher than the estimated LOCs suggesting presence of higher levels of MeHg in seafood independent of the oil spill.Conclusion
In sum, the study found higher than average seafood consumption among children along the Mobile coastal area when compared to the inland children and the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) estimates. Risk characterization based on the LOCs indicated no increase in risk of exposure despite higher seafood consumption rates among the study population compared to the general population. 相似文献19.
José Pumarega Cristina Larrea Araceli Muñoz Natàlia Pallarès Magda Gasull Giselle Rodríguez Manel Jariod Miquel Porta 《Gaceta sanitaria / S.E.S.P.A.S》2017,31(5):371-381
Objective
To explore factors influencing perceptions and viewpoints on the responsibility for the presence of toxic substances in food, on enforcement of laws and regulations that control human exposure to toxic substances in food, and on the effectiveness of such regulations.Methods
An online survey was completed by 740 individuals from several parts of Spain (median age, 47 years; 67% were women; 70% had completed university studies).Results
Over 87% of respondents said that it was possible that throughout their lives they could have accumulated in their body toxic substances potentially dangerous to their health. The attribution of the responsibility for toxic substances in food to a larger number of social groups was more frequent among respondents who consulted information about the problem more often (odds ratio [OR]: 1.92), who correctly identified factors that increase the likelihood of toxic substances in food being harmful to human health (OR: 2.86), who better knew the health problems that may be caused by such substances (OR: 2.48), and who recognised more food groups that tend to have concentrations of toxic substances potentially harmful to health (OR: 2.92) (all p values <0.001). Women were 65% less likely than men to answer that regulations on toxic substances in food are effective (p < 0.001); and so were participants who identified more food groups with potentially toxic concentrations.Conclusions
Among study participants there was a widespread scepticism and distrust towards the enforcement and effectiveness of laws and regulations that in Spain aim to control human exposure to toxic substances in food. 相似文献20.
Seungho Lee Miyeon Shin Yun-Chul Hong Jin Hee Kim 《International journal of hygiene and environmental health》2017,220(2):407-414