细菌性肝脓肿的单中心临床特点和病原学分类

 目的 探讨221例肝脓肿患者的临床特点和病原学分类。方法 回顾性收集新疆维吾尔自治区人民医院 2015-01至2020-01收治的221例肝脓肿患者的临床和微生物学资料,将肝脓肿分为肺炎克雷伯组和非肺炎克雷伯组,分析比较两组基础疾病、临床表现及并发症,并采用logistic回归分析危险因素。结果 189例行经皮肝脓肿穿刺引流联合药物治疗;9例行经皮肝脓肿穿刺引流联合药物治疗效果不佳后,再次行腹腔镜下肝脓肿切除;23例行单纯药物治疗。全部病例中,肝脓肿脓液细菌培养明确为肺炎克雷伯菌90例(肺炎克雷伯菌组),其他细菌培养阳性50例(非肺炎克雷伯菌组),未检测病例和阴性81例。肺炎克雷伯组与非肺炎克雷伯组对比,肺炎克雷伯组糖尿病、嗜酒习惯的比例更高,直径在5~10 cm的肝脓肿更多见,药物联合经皮穿刺引流治疗的比例更高,发生感染性休克的比例更高(P＜0.05)。糖尿病和嗜酒是肺炎克雷伯肝脓肿的危险因素。结论 肺炎克雷伯菌是细菌性肝脓肿的主要致病菌,糖尿病和嗜酒是其危险因素,须早期外科干预联合药物治疗。     

肺炎克雷伯菌肝脓肿1例

1 临床资料 男，46岁。因外感风寒后高热、头疼4d就诊。查体：体温39．5～40℃，面色潮红，皮肤、巩膜无黄染，心肺（-），腹平软，肝区无压痛及叩击痛。血常规白细胞17．8×10^9／L，中性粒细胞比率82．1％，甲胎蛋白阴性，住院第10天血培养检出肺炎克雷伯菌。临床诊断：急性感染、败血症。     

侵袭性肺炎克雷伯菌肝脓肿综合征的CT特点

目的 探讨侵袭性肺炎克雷伯菌肝脓肿综合征(IKLAS)的CT特点。方法 选取收治并确诊为IKLAS患者的CT资料。结果 肝脓肿15例,共19个病灶,其中5个实性(26.3%),12个囊实性(63.2%),2个囊性(10.5%),89.5%(17/19)为不典型肝脓肿。肺部受累15例,1)结节影13例,共178个结节,其中137个位于外周,41个结节见滋养血管征,29个结节内见空洞,10个结节内见肺气囊,28个结节周围见晕征,7个结节内见反晕征; 2)外周楔形影5例,共15个,均见滋养血管征,1个内部见空洞,2个内部见反晕征; 3)片状浸润影6例,共67个,其中45个位于外周,5个内部见空洞,3个内部见肺气囊; 4)动态观察,短期内多数患者病灶增大、增多,出现胸腔积液,以后逐渐缩小、消失。眼内炎4例,共6只眼,其中3只眼超声检查显示异常,1只眼CT检查显示异常。结论 IKLAS影像学表现具有一定特征性,有助于临床及早进行针对性治疗。     

肺炎克雷伯菌肝脓肿的MRI表现

目的：探讨肺炎克雷伯菌肝脓肿的MRI表现。方法：回顾性分析30例肺炎克雷伯菌肝脓肿患者的临床及MRI资料,所有患者均行腹部MRI平扫、增强扫描和DWI检查,分析其MRI特征。结果：30例（共65个病灶）中,高毒力型16例;单发19例,多发11例;规则圆型或类圆型病灶45个,不规则型20个;病灶最大径0.6～12.0 cm。单叶26例,双叶4例;单房脓肿5例,多房25例;实性脓肿18例,囊性伴液化坏死12例;薄壁24例,厚壁6例;一过性灌注异常18例,脓肿周围无强化22例;脓腔积气17例,分隔强化18例。全部脓肿呈明显T₁WI低信号,T₂WI高信号,24例DWI呈高信号、ADC图呈低信号,6例DWI呈低信号、ADC图呈高信号。结论：肺炎克雷伯菌肝脓肿的MRI特征表现包括单发、单叶、实性、多房、薄壁、脓肿周围无强化、脓腔积气及分隔强化等,以上特征具备越多,该病的可能性越大。MRI可准确显示早期肺炎克雷伯杆菌的影像特征,对临床准确诊断有重要意义。     

大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌的耐药性分析

随着抗生素的广泛应用,细菌耐药性已成为人们关注的焦点.在临床标本分离中,革兰阴性杆菌占较大比例,其中又以大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌为最多见.现将我院2007年临床标本分离出的大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌中产超广谱β-内酰胺酶(ESBLs)的大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌菌株的耐药性分布介绍如下.     

大肠埃希氏菌和肺炎克雷伯菌AmpC酶及ESBLs酶的检测及耐药性分析

目的：了解我院大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌产AmpC酶和产ESBLs的情况及耐药性分析，为临床合理用药提供依据。方法：分别采用改良三维试验和CLSI／NCCLS推荐的纸片扩散法确证试验，检测大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌产AmpC酶和产ESBLs菌株。结果：大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌单产AmpC酶菌株检出率分别为9．3％和4％，单产ESBLs检出率分别为28％和12％，同时产AmpC酶及ESBLs检出率分别为14．7％和0。两种菌单产AmpC酶和单产ESBLs的菌株以及同时产两种酶的菌株对亚胺培南保持较低耐药率，均低于15％，而对其它类抗菌素大于50％，耐药率均较高。两种菌产酶株与不产酶菌株耐药率相比，均有显著性差异（P〈0．01）。结论：产酶株耐药情况严重，应慎重选择用药，减缓耐药菌株的进一步发生发展。     

产超广谱B-内酰胺酶菌的医院感染调查分析

目的：了解医院内肺炎克雷伯菌和大肠埃希菌产超广谱B-内酰胺酶（ESBLs）的情况及临床分布，指导临床医生合理使用抗生素，防止医院感染及传播流行。方法：细菌鉴定、药敏、ESBLs检测均采用法国生物梅里埃VITEK-AMS32系统。结果：大肠埃希菌ESBLs检出率为24．6％，肺炎克雷伯菌ESBLs检出率为43．4％。两种细菌目前对亚胺培南无耐药性，其它抗生素均呈不同程度的耐药。结论：及时进行ESBLs测定和细菌耐药监测，严格控制广谱抗生素应用，是控制ESBks细菌感染的重要措施。     

产超广谱β－内酰胺酶大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌的检测及耐药性分析

目的：对产生超广谱β－内酰胺酶（ESBLs)的肺炎克雷伯菌大肠埃希菌进行耐药检测,指导临床合理用药。方法：采用双纸片扩散法对292株从临床分离的非重复株中检出68株产ESBLs菌,用K－B法检测其对11种抗生素的敏感性。结果：ESBLs菌总阳性率23．3％;产ESBLs菌对头孢他啶,头孢西汀,阿米卡星部分敏感,对亚胺培南100％敏感,对头孢西汀,头孢噻肟,头孢呋辛耐药率达83．3％－100％,显著高于不产ESBLs菌对抗生素耐药率（X2检验,P＜0．05）,对阿米卡星,头孢西汀,环丙沙星,复方SMZ交叉耐药达88．9％,结论：治疗ESBLs菌引起感染应选用亚胺培南或含β－内酰胺酶抑制剂复合抗生素。     

产超广谱β-内酰胺酶大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌的检测及耐药性分析

目的:对产生超广谱β-内酰胺酶(ESBLs)的肺炎克雷伯菌大肠埃希菌进行耐药检测,指导临床合理用药。方法:采用双纸片扩散法对292株从临床分离的非重复株中检出68株产ESBLs菌,用K-B法检测其对11种抗生素的敏感性。结果:ESBLs菌总阳性率23.3％;产ESBLs菌对头孢他啶、头孢西汀、阿米卡星部分敏感,对亚胺培南100％敏感,对头孢西汀、头孢噻肟、头孢呋辛耐药率达83.3％～100％,显著高于不产ESBLs菌对抗生素耐药率(X_2检验,P<0.05),对阿米卡星、头孢西汀、环丙沙星、复方SMZ交叉耐药达88.9％。结论:治疗ESBLs菌引起感染应选用亚胺培南或含β-内酰胺酶抑制剂复合抗生素。     

Amebic liver abscess: Clinico-radiological findings and interventional management

In its classic form, amebic liver abscess (ALA) is a mild disease, which responds dramatically to antibiotics and rarely requires drainage. However, the two other forms of the disease, i.e., acute aggressive and chronic indolent usually require drainage. These forms of ALA are frequently reported in endemic areas. The acute aggressive disease is particularly associated with serious complications, such as ruptures, secondary infections, and biliary communications. Laboratory parameters are deranged, with signs of organ failure often present. This form of disease is also associated with a high mortality rate, and early drainage is often required to control the disease severity. In the chronic form, the disease is characterized by low-grade symptoms, mainly pain in the right upper quadrant. Ultrasound and computed tomography (CT) play an important role not only in the diagnosis but also in the assessment of disease severity and identification of the associated complications. Recently, it has been shown that CT imaging morphology can be classified into three patterns, which seem to correlate with the clinical subtypes. Each pattern depicts its own set of distinctive imaging features. In this review, we briefly outline the clinical and imaging features of the three distinct forms of ALA, and discuss the role of percutaneous drainage in the management of ALA.     

Long-term follow-up of pyogenic liver abscess by ultrasound

Background/aims

To study the morphology of residual abscess in successfully treated pyogenic liver abscess by ultrasound.

Methods

116 consecutive patients of liver abscess diagnosed from April 2004 to March 2007 were included in this study. Patients with amebic liver abscess were excluded. Patients were treated with antibiotics for 6 weeks and when indicated drained percutaneously. Ultrasound scan was repeated after 2 weeks, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months and 12 months of treatment. Thereafter it was repeated every 6 months.

Results

After exclusion, 102 patients with >150 lesions were studied. Diagnosis was made on the basis of clinical presentation, ultrasound examination and diagnostic aspiration. It was single in 83, double in 12 and more than 2 in seven patients. Size varied from 4.2 cm to 15 cm. Organisms were isolated in 29 patients (E. coli 10, Kliebsiella sp. 6, S. aureus 5, Pseudomonas aeruginosa 2, Acenetobacter 1 and multiple growth 5) in blood and eight patients (E. coli 5 and S. aureus 3 and multiple growth 2) in pus. Majority of abscess resolved sonologically after 2-18 weeks of treatment. Healing was delayed in alcoholic and diabetic patients. In eight patients there was residual abscess even after 104 weeks of follow-up. In four patients it healed with calcification.

Conclusions

Majority of pyogenic liver abscess resolve to normal parenchyma within 18 weeks time. However, some lesions may take longer time to heal even after successful treatment. It should be considered in differential diagnosis of space occupying lesion of the liver in ultrasound and need no therapeutic intervention.     

肿块型肝内胆管细胞癌与肝脓肿的CT特征及鉴别诊断

目的：探讨肿块型肝内胆管细胞癌(ICC)和肝脓肿的 CT 表现及误诊原因分析,减少误诊率。方法回顾分析经临床手术、穿刺病理证实的肿块型 ICC 21例和肝脓肿20例影像资料,其中10例肿块型 ICC 术前影像误诊为肝脓肿,41例均行 CT 平扫和三期增强扫描。结果边缘强化环不规则、延迟不规则斑片状或片絮状强化、动脉血管穿行或环绕病灶、肝被膜凹陷征、合并肝内胆管软组织结节、肝内胆管扩张、肝门区和腹膜后淋巴结肿大、门静脉受侵狭窄或闭塞提示肿块型 ICC 可能性大。形态规则、环壁光滑完整、环壁周围环状水肿征、延迟分隔状或多环状强化、肿块缩小征、环内低密度类似液性提示肝脓肿可能性大。异常灌注肝脓肿出现几率高且明显。结论肿块型 ICC 与肝脓肿的影像特征有相似之处,又有各自的特征性表现,结合多个征象综合分析有利于正确诊断。     

超声引导经皮肝穿刺引流术治疗细菌性肝脓肿

 目的 评价超声引导经皮肝穿刺引流术在细菌性肝脓肿治疗中的临床应用价值.方法 对35例超声引导下经皮肝穿刺引流(穿刺组)和同期36例手术切开引流(手术组)治疗细菌性肝脓肿的疗效进行对照分析.结果 穿刺组治愈率(97.1 %)与手术组治愈率(94.4%)差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),而穿刺组在住院天数、术后血象恢复正常时间、术后体温恢复正常时间、脓腔消失时间、治疗费用方面明显优于手术组(P＜0.01),术后并发症在穿刺组明显少于手术组(P＜0.05). 结论与传统手术切开引流术相比,经皮肝穿刺引流术具有安全、微创、简便、康复快和经济等优点,可以作为细菌性肝脓肿首选治疗方法.     

Psoas abscess caused by Escherichia coli pyelonephritis,A Case Report

An iliopsoas abscess is a rare accumulation of pus in the iliopsoas muscle compartment and can be divided into primary and secondary abscesses. Considering the rarity and nonspecific symptomatology, as well as the generally insidious subacute onset, a delay in diagnosis and treatment frequently occurs. We present a case of a 74-year-old woman with a psoas abscess due to an E. coli pyelonephritis. Psoas abscesses resulting from genitourinary tract infections are infrequently described in literature. The aim of this case report is to raise awareness of the nonspecific presentation and the importance of a thorough history and clinical examination to reduce delay in diagnosis. Clinicians should also keep in mind that a psoas abscess is often diagnosed prior to detection of the primary disease and should be attentive for these primary lesions. A follow-up of at least 1 year is recommended due to the reported relapse in 15% to 36% of the cases up to one year after initial presentation.     

超声介入治疗细菌性肝脓肿的两种方法疗效比较

 目的 对比研究超声引导下经皮肝穿刺细针抽吸术与置管引流术治疗细菌性肝脓肿的疗效。方法 细菌性肝脓肿98例,其中直径≥5 cm 46例,直径＜5 cm 52例。对以上两种大小的脓肿,分别采取超声引导下经皮肝穿刺细针抽吸术和置管引流术两种方法治疗,比较两种方法治疗后脓肿消失时间、患者住院时间、血象、体温恢复正常时间等。结果 直径≥5 cm肝脓肿,置管引流术组在住院天数、脓腔消失时间等方面优于细针抽吸术组（P＜0.05）,在术后血象、体温恢复正常时间方面两种方法无统计学差异（P>0.05）。直径＜5 cm肝脓肿,两种方法在住院天数、脓腔消失时间、术后血象、体温恢复正常时间方面无统计学差异（P>0.05）。结论 对于直径≥5 cm、直径＜5 cm的细菌性肝脓肿,应分别首选超声引导下经皮肝穿刺置管引流术、细针抽吸术。     

肝癌TACE术并发肝脓肿的临床特征及危险因素分析

目的探讨肝癌TACE术并发肝脓肿的临床表现特点及危险因素。方法回顾2003年5月—2008年3月1 156例肝癌患者行TACE术3 378次术后并发肝脓肿的发病率、临床特点、治疗转归等,分析TACE术后发生肝脓肿的危险因素。结果共有21例患者TACE术后发生肝脓肿,肝脓肿并发症的发生率为0.62%(3 378次操作)。肝脓肿的临床表现为肝区疼痛、肝大、发热、白细胞增多等,发病时间为术后7～20 d,平均(12±6)d.肝癌TACE术后并发肝脓肿患者在性别比例,胆道损伤,胆道阻塞,营养状况差等方面与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论肝癌TACE术后肝脓肿并发症具有一定的临床特点,女性患者、胆道损伤、胆道梗阻、营养状况差等是TACE术后发生肝脓肿的危险因素。     

肝动脉化疗栓塞术后并发肝脓肿5例治疗分析

目的 探讨肝动脉化疗栓塞术(TACE)后并发肝脓肿的原因及治疗.方法 总结我院2008年3月至2010年9月治疗的原发性肝癌患者353例,肝转移癌 102例;其中有外科手术史患者98例;共并发肝脓肿5例,3例并发于原发性肝癌,2例并发于肝转移癌.采用在X线透视引导下行经皮穿刺脓肿引流术,术后给予抗生素冲洗.结果 所有患...     

产ESBLs大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌检测及耐药性分析

目的研究产ESBLs大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌检测及耐药性,指导临床合理应用抗菌药物。方法采用初筛试验和确证试验对临床分离的大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌进行检测,以确定产ESBLs菌株,并进行抗生素耐药性分析。结果产ESBLs菌在大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌中的检出率分别为44.8%和23.6%,对亚胺培南最为敏感,对头孢唑啉和氨苄西林耐药。结论临床对产ESBLs细菌治疗以碳青霉烯类药物为首选,含酶抑制剂复合药物部分有效。