甲状腺微小癌的常规超声与超声弹性成像技术的应用比较

目的分析常规超声和超声弹性成像对甲状腺微小结节的图像特征,比较两种方法对甲状腺微小癌的诊断价值。方法选取2010年~2014年在本院行甲状腺结节切除术的患者100例(结节149枚),切除标本均经病理结果确诊。所有患者均行常规超声和超声弹性技术成像检查。采用半定量评分法观察比较两种方法对甲状腺微小结节的诊断结果。结果 149枚结节中,良性101枚,占67.8%,恶性结节48枚,占32.2%。100例患者中,单发38例,其中良性23例,恶性15例;多发62例,其中良性49例,恶性13例。常规超声的灵敏度、特异度、误诊率、漏诊率以及诊断符合率分别为72.9%、81.2%、18.8%、27.1%、78.5%;超声弹性成像的灵敏度、特异度、误诊率、漏诊率以及诊断符合率分别为89.6%、89.1%、10.9%、10.4%、89.9%。超声弹性成像诊断对甲状腺微小癌的灵敏度和诊断符合率显著高于常规超声诊断,而漏诊率显著低于常规超声,差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05);而在诊断的特异度和误诊率方面,两种方法差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论超声弹性成像技术可提高甲状腺微小癌诊断的灵敏度和诊断符合率,有助于减少临床漏诊的发生,可作为常规超声的有效补充。     

高频超声及弹性成像对甲状腺微小结节病变中的诊断价值

目的对比分析甲状腺微小癌和甲状腺微结节病变的高频超声及弹性成像的声像图特征,探讨高频超声及弹性成像对微小良恶性甲状腺结节鉴别诊断中的应用价值。方法选取在我院接受甲状腺切除术的99例患者(116个甲状腺结节)。常规高频超声采用半定量评分法判断结节性质,超声弹性成像采用5级评分法判断结节性质。以病理检查为金标准,计算灵敏度、特异度、准确度。结果经病理检查证实,116个甲状腺结节中,良性结节86个,恶性结节30个。常规高频超声诊断甲状腺良恶性结节的灵敏度为60.0%,特异度为69.8%,准确度67.2%;超声弹性成像诊断甲状腺结节的灵敏度为93.3%,特异度为91.9%,准确度为92.2%。灵敏度、特异度、准确度在两种检查方式之间,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论超声弹性成像的诊断准确率明显优于常规高频超声检查,值得进一步推广临床使用。     

MRA 联合DWI对急性脑卒中动脉狭窄的诊断价值

 目的 探讨核磁共振血管成像(MRA)联合磁共振弥散加权成像(DWI)序列对急性脑卒中动脉狭窄的诊断价值。方法 选取2015-03至2018-03入院的80例急性卒中患者为研究对象,对其MRA、DWI 以及高分辨核磁血管(HR-MRA)检查结果进行回顾性分析,以HR-MRA诊断结果为金标准,将MRA及MRA联合DWI的诊断结果进行比较。结果 MRA诊断为基底动脉狭窄的灵敏度、特异度、准确率分别为50.00%、96.87%和87.50%,MRA联合DWI检查,诊断为基底动脉狭窄的灵敏度、特异度、准确率分别为75.00%、96.87%、92.50%,后者灵敏度和准确率均高于前者。MRA诊断为大脑中动脉的灵敏度、特异度、准确率分别为63.15%、70.49%和68.75%,MRA联合DWI诊断为大脑中动脉的灵敏度、特异度、准确率分别为89.47%、86.88%、87.5%,联合诊断各项指标均高于MRA诊断。结论 相比单独MRA检查,MRA联合DWI能更准确判断动脉狭窄的部位。     

多模态超声在乳腺癌鉴别诊断中的应用价值

目的探讨光散射成像(DOT)、常规超声(US)、超声造影(CEUS)、弹性成像(UE)等超声检查技术在乳腺癌鉴别诊断中的应用价值。方法收集本院2018年6月～2019年5月经手术病理确诊的63例乳腺疾病患者资料进行回顾性分析,术前均行DOT、US、CEUS、UE等超声检查,以术后病理为金标准,对比分析各项检查及联合检查的诊断准确率、特异度及灵敏度。结果 63例病灶中,经病理证实为良性病灶29例,恶性34例。DOT的诊断准确率为84.13%,特异度为79.31%;US的诊断准率为80.95%,特异度为79.31%,灵敏度为82.35%;CEUS诊断准确率为74.60%,特异度为75.86%,灵敏度为73.53%;UE诊断准确率为71.43%,特异度为72.41%,灵敏度为70.58%;均明显低于四项联合诊断的95.24%、93.10%及97.06%(P均0.05)。结论 DOT、US、CEUS、UE对于乳腺癌的均有一定的诊断价值,但四项联合检查的诊断价值更高。     

梨状肌综合征的超声表现分析

目的:探讨超声在梨状肌综合征(PS)诊断中的应用价值。方法:选取45例PS患者作为观察组,另取同期健康体检者44例作为对照组,均行超声检查,比较2组双侧坐骨神经及梨状肌厚度,并统计超声诊断结果 (准确率、敏感度、特异度、误诊及漏诊率)。结果:观察组双侧坐骨神经厚度及梨状肌厚度均高于对照组(均P0.05);超声对PS诊断准确率、敏感度、特异度、误诊率、漏诊率分别为89.89%(80/89)、88.89%(40/45)、90.91%(40/44)、9.09%(4/44)、11.11%(5/45)。结论:超声对PS具有较高的诊断准确率、敏感度及特异度,误诊、漏诊率低,可有效显示双侧坐骨神经及梨状肌厚度,值得临床推广应用。     

术前MRI对子宫内膜癌宫颈间质浸润的诊断价值

目的探讨术前MRI对子宫内膜癌宫颈间质浸润的诊断价值。方法回顾性纳入经手术病理证实的248例子宫内膜癌病人,年龄26～76岁,中位年龄57岁。采用MR多序列评估肿瘤宫颈间质浸润情况。利用诊断试验公式计算MRI诊断的敏感度、特异度、符合率、漏诊率和误诊率。采用Kappa检验评估术前MRI检查结果和手术病理结果之间的一致性。结果 MRI诊断子宫内膜癌宫颈间质浸润的敏感度为43.3%,特异度96.8%,符合率90.3%,漏诊率56.7%,误诊率3.2%。MRI术前评估宫颈间质浸润与手术病理结果的一致性好(κ=0.87)。结论术前MRI诊断子宫内膜癌宫颈间质浸润的符合率较高,可以较准确地反映宫颈间质浸润情况。     

钼靶X线摄影和高频超声在临床触诊阴性乳腺癌诊断中的漏诊误诊原因分析

目的 :分析钼靶X线摄影和高频超声成像在触诊阴性乳腺癌诊断中的漏诊误诊原因。方法:收集经病理明确诊断的临床触诊阴性乳腺癌78例,患者均行钼靶X线摄影和高频超声成像,分析其影像学征象,并比较2种检查方法的误诊、漏诊率。结果:钼靶X线摄影更易发现钙化,高频超声检查更易检出肿块,并能分析血流动力学征象。钼靶X线摄影误诊率为29.49%、漏诊率为14.10%;高频超声检查误诊率为23.08%、漏诊率为8.97%;二者联合检查的误诊率为15.38%,无一例漏诊,明显高于二者单独检查。结论:钼靶X线摄影与高频超声联合检查诊断临床触诊阴性乳腺癌的准确性明显提高,可明显降低误诊、漏诊率。     

高频超声对肢体肌疝的诊断价值

 目的 探讨高频超声对肌疝的诊断价值。方法 回顾分析2014-03至2015-10北京朝阳医院收治28例肢体包块疑似肌疝患者的资料,将术前高频超声检查与手术结果进行对照分析,计算高频超声的准确度、灵敏度、特异度等指标,并总结肌疝的发生特征及高频超声表现。结果 手术证实肌疝23例,其中22例被高频超声诊断。高频超声诊断肢体肌疝的灵敏度、特异度、准确度分别为95.65%、100.00%、96.43%。肌疝主要发生在小腿前外侧,超声表现为肌肉局部筋膜连续性中断及可复性包块。结论 高频超声对诊断肌疝具有重要参考价值。
     

超声引导下细针穿刺活检技术用于TI-RADS4类甲状腺结节的诊断效能

目的 探讨超声引导下细针穿刺活检(US-FNAB)技术用于甲状腺超声影像和数据报告系统(TI-RADS) 4类甲状腺结节的诊断效能。方法 选取我院收治的120例TI-RADS 4类甲状腺结节患者(136个结节)临床资料。对136个结节进行US-FNAB和超声弹性成像检查,以手术病理结果作为金标准,以Kappa分析US-FNAB、超声弹性成像单独及联合诊断TI-RADS 4类甲状腺结节良恶性结果的一致性。结果 136个结节中,手术病理结果显示恶性结节98个、良性结节38个。US-FNAB诊断结果为恶性结节93个、良性结节43个。经一致性分析,US-FNAB诊断TI-RADS 4类甲状腺结节恶性的灵敏度为0.898、特异度为0.868、准确率为0.890、Kappa=0.737; US-FNAB诊断TI-RADS 4类甲状腺结节良性的灵敏度为0.868、特异度为0.898、准确率为0.890、Kappa=0.737。超声弹性成像诊断结果为恶性结节80个、良性结节56个。经一致性分析,超声弹性成像诊断TI-RADS 4类甲状腺结节恶性的灵敏度为0.745、特异度为0.816、准确率为0.76...     

甲状腺乳头状癌患者颈部淋巴结转移的超声诊断价值

目的 探讨超声检查对甲状腺乳头状癌患者颈部淋巴结转移的诊断价值。方法 回顾性分析经手术病理证实为乳头状癌的294例患者共322个结节，将322个结节分为转移组和无转移组，对2组间性别、年龄、结节位置、是否邻近包膜、结节大小进行统计学分析，年龄分为≤40岁和>40岁组，结节位置分为上部、中部、下部、峡部组，邻近包膜为在二维超声上紧贴包膜而未突破包膜，结节大小分为≤5 mm、5～10 mm、>10 mm组。并计算超声检查颈部淋巴结转移的灵敏度、特异度、漏诊率及误诊率。结果 甲状腺乳头状癌患者颈部淋巴结转移与性别、结节位置及是否临近被膜差异无统计学意义（P>0.05），与患者年龄及结节大小差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。患者的年龄和结节大小是颈部淋巴结转移的独立危险因素，年龄≤40岁（OR=0.57,P=0.020），结节大小5～<10 mm(OR=3.99,P=0.002)，结节大小≥10 mm(OR=8.02,P<0.001)。超声诊断颈部转移性淋巴结的灵敏度为33.8%，特异度为96.8%，漏诊率为66.2%，误诊率为3.2%。结论 超声检查对甲状...     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.