枸橼酸爱地那非治疗勃起功能障碍的疗效和安全性观察

目的评价临床枸橼酸爱地那非治疗男性勃起功能障碍（ED）的安全性和疗效。方法32例ED患者,其中24例予枸橼酸爱地那非60mg口服（观察组）,8例仅予安慰剂（对照组）。采用国际勃起功能指数表（IIEF-5）量表评价治疗效果,同时记录观察患者自签署知情同意书开始至最后一次随访之间,所发生的任何与治疗目的无关的事件。结果观察组治疗后IIEF-5量表总得分为（24．09±5．05）分,与治疗前的（14．75±3．61）分相比,P〈0．05;与对照组治疗后的（19．86±4．56）分相比,P〈0．05。与药物相关的主要不良事件有头晕、头痛、面部潮红和恶心,严重程度为轻至中度,呈一过性,无需处理。结论口服枸橼酸爱地那非60mg治疗ED安全、有效。     

糖尿病勃起功能障碍的研究进展

勃起功能障碍（ED）的定义为：阴茎不能充分或维持勃起，以致不能完成满意的性生活。糖尿病（DM）是ED最重要的危险因子之一。Rendell等研究指出DM患者ED的发生率在美国高达50％。Dey等发现DM患者ED的发生率比非DM人群高3倍。2型糖尿病（T2DM）患者随着病程的延长，ED的发生率逐渐增高。吸烟史越长，吸烟的强度越大，DM患者发生ED的危险性也越高。     

糖尿病性勃起功能障碍研究进展

勃起功能障碍是糖尿病患者常见的慢性并发症之一,糖尿病性勃起功能障碍的发病率为19.0%～ 86.3%,其发病是糖尿病性血管和神经病变、内分泌激素改变、社会和心理等多因素共同作用的结果.临床上应紧密结合糖尿病性勃起功能障碍的发病机制进行综合治疗,并遵循个体化治疗原则.严格控制血糖是基础治疗之一,同时根据情况选择不同作用机...     

糖尿病性勃起功能障碍研究进展

勃起功能障碍是糖尿病患者常见的慢性并发症之一,糖尿病性勃起功能障碍的发病率为19.0%～ 86.3%,其发病是糖尿病性血管和神经病变、内分泌激素改变、社会和心理等多因素共同作用的结果.临床上应紧密结合糖尿病性勃起功能障碍的发病机制进行综合治疗,并遵循个体化治疗原则.严格控制血糖是基础治疗之一,同时根据情况选择不同作用机制的药物进行综合治疗以改善症状,必要时行手术治疗.基因治疗为糖尿病性勃起功能障碍患者带来曙光,也是目前的研究热点.     

勃起功能障碍与心血管疾病

近来发现 ,勃起功能障碍与心血管疾病关系密切。在发病机制上 ,二者呈鲜明的共因和互为因果关系 ;在治疗上 ,二者之间的相互影响十分显著     

男性高血压患者血压晨峰与勃起功能障碍的关系

目的:探讨男性高血压患者血压晨峰与勃起功能障碍(ED)、一氧化氮(NO)、内皮一氧化氮合酶(eNOS)的关系.方法:选择2017年1月至2020年12月在天津市第一中心医院心内科门诊就诊和住院的40～60岁男性原发性高血压患者200例为研究对象,根据24 h动态血压监测结果,收缩压晨峰值≥35 mmHg(1 mmHg=...     

糖尿病性勃起功能障碍发病机制研究进展

糖尿病性勃起功能障碍（ED）的发病机制尚未完全阐明，除神经病变和血管病变的作用外，糖尿病还通过降低一氧化氮合酶（NOS）活性，糖基化终末产物（AGEs)和氧自由基灭活一氧化氮（NO）等途径引起局部NO水平降低，细胞内cGMP浓度下降，导致海绵体平肌舒张性减弱；还使海绵体内皮素－1浓度升高，平滑肌收缩性增强；同时也引起海绵体勃起组织结构改变，平滑肌数量减少，协同导致糖尿病性ED的发生。另外，糖尿病引起的低雄激素水平可能也在其中起一定作用。     

阿托伐他汀对男性高血压患者勃起功能障碍的影响

目的 探讨阿托伐他汀对男性高血压患者勃起功能障碍(ED)的影响.方法 入选我院2003-07-2006-06收治的男性轻中度高血压病人838例,随机分为两组:常规降压(对照组,n=374)和常规降压 阿托伐他汀(治疗组,n=369).两组均先给予硝苯地平缓释片 依那普利进行常规降压治疗,如血压不能达标,加用氢氯噻嗪12.5 mg/d.降压达标后治疗组加用阿托伐他汀10 mg/d,对照组治疗方案不变.每4周随访1次,总共随访36周,调查分析治疗前后ED患病情况.结果 治疗组有369例,对照组有374例完成随访,治疗前两组的ED患病率为60.2% vs 60.9%(P＞0.05),差异无统计学意义.治疗后加用阿托伐他汀组的ED患病率为46.3% vs 对照组63.7%(P＜0.01),差异有非常显著意义.结论 阿托伐他汀可改善男性高血压患者勃起功能障碍.     

阿托伐他汀对男性高血压患者勃起功能障碍的影响

目的探讨阿托伐他汀对男性高血压患者勃起功能障碍(ED)的影响。方法入选我院2003-07-2006-06收治的男性轻中度高血压病人838例,随机分为两组:常规降压(对照组,n=374)和常规降压+阿托伐他汀(治疗组,n=369)。两组均先给予硝苯地平缓释片+依那普利进行常规降压治疗,如血压不能达标,加用氢氯噻嗪12.5mg/d。降压达标后治疗组加用阿托伐他汀10mg/d,对照组治疗方案不变。每4周随访1次,总共随访36周,调查分析治疗前后ED患病情况。结果治疗组有369例,对照组有374例完成随访,治疗前两组的ED患病率为60.2%vs60.9%(P>0.05),差异无统计学意义。治疗后加用阿托伐他汀组的ED患病率为46.3%vs对照组63.7%(P<0.01),差异有非常显著意义。结论阿托伐他汀可改善男性高血压患者勃起功能障碍。     

老年男性272名勃起功能障碍患病情况调查

目的 了解老年男性勃起功能障碍患病情况，为临床诊治勃起功能障碍提供依据。方法 采用国际勃起功能指数评分的简化版中(IIEF-5)问卷调查性生活史，并回顾相关既往史、用药史和生活方式。结果 272名老年男性勃起功能障碍总患病率是89．7％，其中60～岁组是75．9％、70～岁组是78．6％、80～88岁组是100．0％；此次调查的老年男性中95．1％的高血压病患者伴发勃起功能障碍。结论 老年男性勃起功能障碍的患病率与年龄增长和高血压有关。     

Erectile dysfunction in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection

Background and study aimsHepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a major public health problem worldwide and in Egypt. Several studies have suggested that chronic HCV infection may be associated with erectile dysfunction (ED) in men. The aim of our study was to detect the prevalence of ED among male patients with chronic HCV infection.Patients and methodsThe study included 150 male patients with chronic HCV infection (124 patients with chronic hepatitis and 26 patients with HCV-associated liver cirrhosis). The Child–Pugh score was used to assess the severity of cirrhosis. An Arabic validated version of the five-item International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5) was used to detect the presence and severity of ED.ResultsThe patients’ age ranged from 20 to 80 years with mean age ± standard deviation (SD; 50 ± 17.19) years. The prevalence of ED among patients with chronic HCV infection was found to be 29.3%. The prevalence was significantly higher in cirrhotic as compared to chronic hepatitis patients (p < 0.001) and the average ED score was significantly lower in patients with liver cirrhosis than in those with chronic hepatitis. There was a highly significant relation between the severity of ED and the severity of liver disease. There was a significant negative correlation between serum bilirubin and ED score and a significant positive correlation between serum albumin and ED score in patients with liver cirrhosis.ConclusionAbout 30% of patients with chronic HCV infection were found to have ED; so, given the high prevalence of HCV infection in Egypt, chronic HCV infection may be considered in the differential diagnosis of ED. There was a highly significant relation between the severity of ED and the severity of liver disease and the majority of patients with liver cirrhosis proved to be suffering from ED, which may be related to the associated hypoalbuminaemia.     

Association of erectile dysfunction with depression in patients with chronic viral hepatitis

AIM: To investigate the prevalence of erectile dysfunction(ED) and its association with depression in patients with chronic viral hepatitis.METHODS: This single center cross-sectional study was conducted from August 2013 through January 2014. All outpatients with chronic viral hepatitis in our liver clinic between 18 and 80 years of age were considered eligible for this study. The exclusion criteria included well-established causes of ED, such as diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, alcohol abuse, liver cirrhosis, ischemic heart disease, renal disease, neurologic disease, and malignancy. We also excluded the patients who had incompletely answered the questionnaires. ED was assessed using the validated Korean version of the International Index of Erectile Function(IIEF-5) scale. The Korean version of the self-administered Beck Depression Inventory(BDI) scale was used to assess depression in the patients. Demographic and medical data were obtained from the patients' medical records. Current or past history of psychiatric diagnosis and drug history including the use of an antiviral agent and an antidepressant were also recorded. RESULTS: A total of 727 patients met the initial eligibility criteria. Six hundred seventeen patients were excluded because their medical records contained one or more of the previously determined exclusion criteria. The remaining 110 patients were assessed based on the BDI and IIEF-5 questionnaires. Based on the IIEF-5 scale, the prevalence of ED among patients with chronic viral hepatitis was 40%. Compared with the non-ED group, patients in the ED group were older. The proportion of patients in the ED group who had a job or who were na?ve peg-interferon users was lower than that in patients in the non-ED group. Patients with ED had significantly lower scores on the IIEF-5 scale than patients without ED(11.75 ± 4.88 vs 21.33 ± 1.86, P = 0.000). Patients with ED rated significantly higher scores on the BDI scale compared with patients without ED(12.59 ± 7.08 vs 5.30 ± 4.00, P = 0.000). Also, the IIEF-5 scores were negatively correlated with age, employment, and BDI scores. In the multiple logistic regression analysis, age and depression were independently associated with erectile dysfunction(P =0.019 and 0.000,respectively).CONCLUSION:Patients with chronic viral hepatitis have a high prevalence of ED.Age and depression are independent factors for ED in male patients with chronic viral hepatitis.     

Thrombopoietin level in patients with chronic liver diseases

Thrombocytopenia and oxidative stress are the most frequent problems in patients with chronic liver diseases as viral cirrhosis and schistosomiasis. So, this study aimed to evaluate the role of thrombopoietin (TPO) on the occurrence of thrombocytopenia and in differentiation between these diseases. It also aimed to investigate the relation between TPO, oxidative stress and antioxidant status in these two types of chronic liver disease. So, We measured serum TPO level, lipid peroxide (MDA) and serum total antioxidant activity (TAO) in 40 patients with cirrhosis caused by hepatitis C virus and 37 patients with schistosomiasis from The Specialized Medical Hospital, Mansoura University. Results: Both serum TPO level and serum TAO activity were significantly lower (p < 0.05) in thrombocytopenic patients with viral cirrhosis when compared to both non thrombocytopenic and control groups. In contrast, TPO level was within the normal range in the patients with scistosomiasis either thrombocytopenic or not. while serum TAO activity was significantly lower (p < 0.05) in both thrombocytopenic and non thrombocytopenic patients with schistosomiasis in comparison to control subjects with no significant difference between these two subgroups. Serum MDA concentration was increased significantly (p < 0.05) in all diseased groups when compared to controls with significant increase in thrombocytopenic patients as compared to non thrombocytopenic. Conclusion: TPO hypoproduction played a role in the pathogenesis and treatment of viral cirrhosis associated with thrombocytopenia. Also, total antioxidant activity and MDA are useful markers for monitoring patients with these chronic liver diseases.     

Challenges in diagnosing and monitoring diabetes in patients with chronic liver diseases

The prevalence and mortality of diabetes mellitus and liver disease have risen in recent years. The liver plays an important role in glucose homeostasis, and various chronic liver diseases have a negative effect on glucose metabolism with the consequent emergence of diabetes. Some aspects related to chronic liver disease can affect diagnostic tools and the monitoring of diabetes and other glucose metabolism disorders, and clinicians must be aware of these limitations in their daily practice. In cirrhotic patients, fasting glucose may be normal in up until 23% of diabetes cases, and glycated hemoglobin provides falsely low results, especially in advanced cirrhosis. Similarly, the performance of alternative glucose monitoring tests, such as fructosamine, glycated albumin and 1,5-anhydroglucitol, also appears to be suboptimal in chronic liver disease. This review will examine the association between changes in glucose metabolism and various liver diseases as well as the particularities associated with the diagnosis and monitoring of diabetes in liver disease patients. Alternatives to routinely recommended tests will be discussed.     

Erectile dysfunction in compensated liver cirrhosis

BackgroundData on erectile dysfunction (ED) in cirrhotic patients are limited as yet. Aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of ED and the factors potentially involved in its development in compensated cirrhosis.MethodsWe prospectively enrolled 102 male (mean age 63 ± 10 years) affected by cirrhosis in Child–Pugh Class A. The following questionnaires were used: simplified International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5) Questionnaire, Centre of Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale and ANDROTEST.ResultsED was found in 57/102(55.9%) patients, and was mild, moderate and severe in 21(36.8%), 6(10.5%) and 30(52.6%) subjects, respectively. ED patients were significantly older than those without (66 ± 10 vs 60 ± 10,p = 0.006); ED prevalence gradually increased with age. There was no statistically significant difference between patients with and without ED concerning the coexistence of diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease. Age(p = 0.040) and serum haemoglobin(p = 0.027) were identified as predictors of ED on multivariate analysis. Liver-related factors and pharmacological treatment, including β-blockers, were not associated with the presence of ED.ConclusionsIn patients with compensated liver cirrhosis, even in concomitance with other chronic comorbidities, the prevalence of ED is not markedly different from the general population. Compensated cirrhosis per se is not a risk factor for ED occurrence. Older age and low haemoglobin values are significantly associated with ED in cirrhotics.     

Neurocognitive impairment is associated with erectile dysfunction in cirrhotic patients

IntroductionErectile dysfunction (ED) is common in patients with chronic diseases. It is evaluated using the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF5) questionnaire. The relationship between ED and cirrhosis is complex. The aims of our study were (1) to assess the prevalence of ED in cirrhosis and (2) to evaluate factors associated with ED, with a special focus on minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE).MethodsWe performed a prospective, observational study. Patients with cirrhosis were invited to complete the IIEF5 questionnaire. The exclusion criteria were clinical hepatic encephalopathy (HE) and dementia. MHE was evaluated by the psychometric hepatic encephalopathy test score (PHES) and the critical flicker frequency (CFF).ResultsBetween April 2016 and April 2017, 87 patients were included (age: 55 [51–57] years, Child–Pugh score: 8 [7–9], MELD score: 13 [11–16]. Minimal HE was diagnosed in 33% of the patients according to the PHES and in 44% of the patients according to the CFF. ED was diagnosed in 74/87 patients (85%) when compared to 12.5% in healthy controls (p < 0.001). In a multivariate analysis, the independent factors associated with ED were age, Child–Pugh and MELD scores. Significant correlations were identified between the IIEF5 and each component of the PHES.ConclusionED should be systematically screened in cirrhotics, especially in patients with MHE.     

慢性肝病患者组织中生存素与VEGF-A的表达

目的研究慢性肝病患者组织中生存素与血管内皮生长因子-A(VEGF-A)的表达意义。方法选取2011年1月-2013年5月广西壮族自治区南溪山医院肝病科收治的原发性肝癌患者50例作为研究对象,所有患者均行手术治疗,同时经病理学检查后证实为原发性肝癌,比较乙肝肝硬化、慢性乙型肝炎、原发性肝癌患者组织中的生存素与VEGF-A的表达。结果生存素在乙肝肝硬化、慢性乙型肝炎、原发性肝癌患者组织中的阳性表达率分别为46.9%、31.6%、84.0%,在三者之间的表达,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);VEGF-A的表达率分别为75.0%、26.3%、68.0%,VEGF-A在原发性肝癌患者中的阳性表达率比乙肝肝硬化、慢性乙型肝炎患者较高,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论将生存素与VEGF-A作为早期原发性肝癌的检测标志物,能有效提高肝癌的诊断率,值得临床推广使用。     

Inflammation and fibrosis in chronic liver diseases including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and hepatitis C

At present chronic liver disease(CLD),the third commonest cause of premature death in the United Kingdom is detected late,when interventions are ineffective,resulting in considerable morbidity and mortality.Injury to the liver,the largest solid organ in the body,leads to a cascade of inflammatory events.Chronic inflammation leads to the activation of hepatic stellate cells that undergo transdifferentiation to become myofibroblasts,the main extra-cellular matrix producing cells in the liver;over time increased extra-cellular matrix production results in the formation of liver fibrosis.Although fibrogenesis may be viewed as having evolved as a“wound healing”process that preserves tissue integrity,sustained chronic fibrosis can become pathogenic culminating in CLD,cirrhosis and its associated complications.As the reference standard for detecting liver fibrosis,liver biopsy,is invasive and has an associated morbidity,the diagnostic assessment of CLD by non-invasive testing is attractive.Accordingly,in this review the mechanisms by which liver inflammation and fibrosis develop in chronic liver diseases are explored to identify appropriate and meaningful diagnostic targets for clinical practice.Due to differing disease prevalence and treatment efficacy,disease specific diagnostic targets are required to optimally manage individual CLDs such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and chronic hepatitis C infection.To facilitate this,a review of the pathogenesis of both conditions is also conducted.Finally,the evidence for hepatic fibrosis regression and the mechanisms by which this occurs are discussed,including the current use of antifibrotic therapy.     

不同临床类型慢性肝病患者血浆内皮素水平研究

目的探讨内皮素(endothelin,ET)与不同临床类型慢性肝病的关系。方法用放射免疫分析法测定62例慢性肝病组(包括慢性肝炎、肝硬化代偿期、肝硬化失代偿期组)患者血浆ET浓度,并进行横向比较。结果慢性肝病组ET水平较正常降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),而慢性肝炎、肝硬化代偿期、肝硬化失代偿期ET水平比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论(1)慢性肝病患者血浆ET水平显著降低;(2)血浆ET水平在慢性肝炎、肝硬化代偿期、肝硬化失代偿期患者之间差异无统计学意义。     

Erectile dysfunction

In the past 30 years, advances in basic science have been instrumental in the evolution of the male sexual health treatment paradigm from a psychosexual model to a new model, which includes oral and intracavernosal injection pharmacotherapy, vacuum constriction devices and penile prostheses for the treatment of erectile dysfunction. This progress has coincided with an increased understanding of the nature of male sexual health problems, and epidemiological data that confirm that these problems are widely prevalent and the source of considerable morbidity, both for individuals and within relationships.