血清孕酮、β-人绒毛膜促性腺激素联合检测预测先兆流产结局的意义简

目的 探讨血清孕酮、β-人绒毛膜促性腺激素（β-HCG）单项及联合检测在预测先兆流产结局中的意义.方法 选择2010年3月～2013年4月中航工业三二○一医院收治的孕龄为5～7周的孕妇305例.根据妊娠结果其分为3组,其中正常妊娠组169例,先兆流产组95例,难免流产组41例.检测并比较各组患者的血清孕酮和β-HCG水平,计算各指标对难免流产的诊断灵敏度、特异度和准确率,采用ROC曲线评价各指标诊断价值.结果 ①先兆流产组及难免流产组孕妇阴道出血患者均随访至孕12周,其中95例继续妊娠,41例就诊后3～7 d流产,行清宫术.正常妊娠组孕妇均继续妊娠.②正常妊娠组及先兆流产组血清孕酮、β-HCG值均显著高于难免流产组,差异有高度统计学意义（P＜ 0.01）;正常妊娠组与先兆流产组间孕酮、β-HCG差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;难免流产组血清孕酮、β-HCG值的95％CI的上限分别为15.5 mg/L、6015 U/L,认为孕龄5～7周孕妇血清孕酮＜15.5 mg/L、β-HCG＜6015 U/L时会发生难免流产.③血β-HCG、孕酮及二者联合检测的ROC曲线下面积分别为0.85、0.89、0.94,其中,二者联合检测的AUC值明显高于各项单独检测（P＜0.01）.结论 血清孕酮、β-HCG二者联合检测更具优越性,可以提高难免流产的检出率,对比单项测定指标的预测准确率明显提高,具有重要的临床意义.     

外周血中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值联合IL-6在川崎病患儿中水平变化及诊断的临床价值

目的 探讨外周血中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值（NLR）联合白细胞介素-6（IL-6）在川崎病（KD）患儿中水平的变化及诊断的临床价值。方法 选取2017 年1 月～2018 年12 月我院收治的KD 患儿50 例作为研究对象,并根据冠脉是否损伤将其分为冠脉损伤组（n=22）和非冠脉损伤组（n=28）,同时选取45 例年龄、性别匹配的正常儿童为对照组。比较三组研究对象外周血NLR、白细胞总数（WBC）、IL-6 的水平变化并分析。结果 研究组患儿外周血NLR、IL-6 水平均显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;冠脉损伤组患儿外周血NLR、IL-6 水平显著高于非冠脉损伤组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。治疗1 周后,KD 患儿的外周血NLR、IL-6 水平显著下降,与治疗前相比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;Pearson 相关性分析表明KD 患儿外周血NLR 与IL-6 呈正相关（r=0.743,P＜0.05）。结论 川崎病合并冠状动脉病变患儿外周血NLR 及IL-6 水平明显升高,可能与川崎病患儿冠状动脉病变有关,联合检测可作为评估川崎病患儿病情程度及冠状动脉损伤的敏感指标。     

妊娠晚期母体血清中性粒/淋巴细胞比值可作为预测与胎盘炎症的指标

目的探讨妊娠晚期母体血清中性粒/淋巴细胞比值（NLR）水平与胎盘炎症反应程度相关性。方法回顾性分析2016年1 月~2016年12月在南方医科大学南方医院妇产科进行常规产前检查并在我院分娩的478例孕妇的临床资料,根据分娩后胎盘 病理结果分为PIR组（238例）和非PIR组（240例）。分别比较两组孕妇晚孕期的几种血清炎症指标（外周血白细胞、中性粒细胞 数、淋巴细胞数、CRP、NLR）水平与胎盘炎症相关性进行比较,并利用多因素logistic回归分析确定胎盘炎症反应发生独立危险 因素,建立logistic回归模型,绘制模型受试者工作特征曲线（ROC）,并记录曲线下面积以分析晚孕期不同血清炎症指标预测 PIR发生的临床价值。结果外周血白细胞、中性粒细胞数、淋巴细胞数、CRP、NLR预测PIR的曲线下面积分别为0.698（95% CI：0.485~0.766）、0.716（95%CI：0.453~0.783）、0.329（95%CI：0.228~0.431）、0.725(95%CI：0.677~0.765）和0.801（95%CI： 0.742~0.856）。校正混杂因素后,多因素logistic 回归分析显示,孕妇早产（OR=2.446,95%CI：1.003~4.590）、胎膜早破（OR= 2.304,95%CI：1.049~4.161）、NLR>7（OR=3.268,95%CI：2.071~6.920）、CRP>15 mg/L（OR=2.137,95%CI：1.412~8.236）均为PIR 发生的独立危险因素。结论晚孕期NLR增高可作为预测胎盘炎症发生风险的一项有效指标。     

孕妇血清内早期血清妊娠相关激素与胚胎停育的相关性

探讨孕早期血清妊娠相关蛋白-A(PAPP-A) 和整合素-金属蛋白酶12分泌期蛋白(ADAM12-s)、催乳素(PRL)和孕酮(P)水平变化及其与胚停育的相关性。应用时间分辨荧光免疫分析法测定患者血清中 PAPP-A、ADAM12-s、PRL和孕酮P表达水平,并对测定结果及孕妇妊娠结局进行统计分析。与正常妊娠组孕妇PAPP-A、ADAM12-s、PRL和孕酮P水平相比,胚胎停育组患者PAPP-A、ADAM12-s、PRL和孕酮P平均中位数水平显著降低,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。正常妊娠组和胚胎停育组孕妇血清内PAPP-A、ADAM12-s、PRL和孕酮P水平与患者的孕周数存在显著的直线相关关系,Person相关系数为正值,(P<0.05)。孕早期孕妇血清 PAPP-A、ADAM12-s、PRL和孕酮(P)含量随孕周数增加而显著上升,可以作为预测胚胎停育的有效临床指标。     

血清 CA125和孕酮监测对早期妊娠先兆流产结局的临床意义

目的：探讨血清癌抗原125（CA125）、孕酮联合监测对先兆流产结局的临床意义。方法选择190例孕龄5～12周的单胎孕妇,根据妊娠结局将其分为3组：正常妊娠组84例,先兆流产继续妊娠组64例,难免流产组42例。采用化学发光免疫分析法测定3组血清CA125、孕酮水平,分析其与先兆流产结局的相关性。结果先兆流产继续妊娠组和难免流产组孕妇血清中CA125均明显高于正常妊娠组（ P＜0.05）;但孕酮则均明显低于正常妊娠组（P＜0.05）;孕妇血清CA125与孕酮水平呈负相关（r＝－0.919,P＜0.05）。结论难免流产患者血清CA125持续上升伴孕酮水平降低,提示先兆流产预后不良;联合检测孕妇血清 CA125与孕酮水平对临床选择治疗方法有参考价值。     

联合检测β-HCG倍增率、孕酮对甲状腺功能正常孕妇先兆流产治疗效果的预测价值

目的 探讨联合检测β-HCG 倍增率、孕酮对甲状腺功能正常孕妇先兆流产治疗效果的预测价值。方法 回顾性分析2018 年1～12 月在我院诊断治疗的甲状腺功能正常的先兆流产孕妇100 例患者。根据治疗结果分为妊娠成功组（74 例）与妊娠失败组（26 例）。比较两组入组时β-HCG、孕酮水平,治疗后β-HCG 倍增率。分析联合检测β-HCG、孕酮对先兆流产治疗的预测价值。结果（1）妊娠成功组入组时β-HCG 水平、孕酮水平及治疗后β-HCG 倍增率均显著高于妊娠失败组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。（2）β-HCG 倍增率、孕酮单独检测灵敏度、阴性预测值差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;联合检测的灵敏度、特异度、阴性预测值显著高于β-HCG 倍增率、孕酮单独检测,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。联合检测阳性预测值有所提高,高于孕酮单独检测（P＜0.05）,但与β-HCG 倍增率比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论 联合检测β-HCG 倍增率、孕酮对甲状腺功能正常孕妇先兆流产治疗效果具有较好的预测作用。     

结合血清β-HCG、E_2、P及E_2/P对391例肾虚型早孕患者妊娠结局的回顾性研究

【目的】了解血清人绒毛膜促性腺激素(HCG)、雌二醇(E_2)、孕酮(P)及雌二醇/孕酮(E_2/P)对诊断胚胎停育的能效性,观察正常妊娠与胚胎停育患者以上检测指标的数值上的差异,以发现影响胚胎停育的相关因素。【方法】选取391例先兆流产(中医胎漏、胎动不安)且辨证分型属肾虚型的早孕妇女为研究对象,根据妊娠结局分为妊娠组202例和胚停组189例。观察2组患者的一般情况(年龄、血型和停育时间)及既往孕产史(孕次、产次和胚胎停育次数),并于妊娠6～10周(W)观察血清HCG、E_2、P以及E2/P的变化情况。【结果】(1)一般情况:胚停组患者的年龄高于妊娠组(P0.01),但2组血型比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);其中胚停组患者的平均停育天数为(65.77±9.20)d。(2)既往孕产史:胚停组患者的既往产次高于妊娠组(P0.01),但2组患者的孕次和既往胚胎停育次数比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。(3)妊娠组患者在妊娠6～10W的HCG、E_2、P及E_2/P值均明显高于胚停组(P0.05)。(4)对于妊娠6～7 W胚胎的检测,E_2优于HCG、E_2/P,HCG、E_2/P优于P(P0.05),而HCG与E_2/P的诊断效果相当(P0.05)。对于妊娠8 W胚胎的检测,E_2、HCG显著优于E_2/P,E_2/P显著优于P(P0.05),而HCG与E_2的诊断效果相当(P0.05)。对于妊娠9～10 W胚胎停育的检测,E_2显著优于E_2/P、HCG,E_2/P、HCG显著优于P(P0.05),而E_2/P与HCG诊断效果相当(P0.05)。【结论】初步获得在妊娠6～10周诊断胚胎停育患者血清HCG、E_2、P及E_2/P的截断值,为预测早期妊娠结局提供了参考范围。对诊断胚胎停育的临床效能,E_2最高,HCG次之,P最低,E_2/P明显优于P,且除第8周外均与HCG诊断效能相当。     

炎症指标评估视网膜静脉阻塞黄斑水肿发病及预后的价值研究

目的探讨炎症指标在视网膜静脉阻塞（RVO）黄斑水肿（ME）（RVO-ME）的发生及转归的预测价值。方法选取2021年10月至2022年10月在浙江中医药大学附属第一医院就诊的60例RVO-ME患者为研究对象（RVO组）,同期性别、年龄匹配的60例白内障或屈光手术患者作为对照组。RVO组患者给予连续3个月雷珠单抗玻璃体腔注射治疗。比较RVO组患者急性期和对照组患者炎症指标以及RVO组患者治疗后3个月与急性期和对照组患者炎症指标。根据ME治疗效果将RVO组患者分为ME消退组和ME未消退组,比较两组患者急性期炎症指标。采用ROC曲线评估急性期炎症指标预测RVO-ME发生的效能及治疗后3个月炎症指标预测RVO-ME患者预后不良的效能。结果RVO组患者急性期和对照组患者全身免疫炎症指数（SII）、中性粒细胞计数与淋巴细胞计数比值（NLR）和平均血小板体积与淋巴细胞计数比值（MPVLR）比较差异均有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）。RVO组患者治疗后3个月,与急性期比较只有SII差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。治疗后3个月ME消退组和ME未消退组患者WBC比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。ROC曲线提示NLR对RVO-ME发生的预测效能最好,截断值为2.17时,预测的灵敏度为0.621,特异度为0.672。治疗后WBC的截断值为6.25×109/L时,预测RVO-ME预后不良的灵敏度为0.690,特异度为0.595。结论RVO-ME患者急性期SII、NLR、MPVLR升高,NLR是较好的RVO-ME发病预测指标,持续的WBC高值提示对雷珠单抗应答不佳,可据此指导诊疗。     

[1]血清、卵泡液中炎症因子与多囊卵巢综合征的相关性研究

目的:研究血清、卵泡液中炎症因子联合检测与多囊卵巢综合征( PCOS) 风险预测、以及助孕结局的关系。方法:观察组（PCOS组）选取2019年12月1日至2021年12月1日于我院行体外受精－胚胎移植（IVF-ET）的PCOS不孕患者86例；对照组选取同期非PCOS患者86例（因输卵管等因素导致不孕）；两组患者促排卵方案均为卵泡期长效长方案。炎症因子IL-1、IL-6、TNF-α单项及联合检测进行ROC曲线分析，而且分析PCOS患者炎症因子水平与卵母细胞成熟率、受精率、卵裂率、优胚率、临床妊娠率以及流产率等的关系。结果:(1)血清中AMH、T水平在PCOS组中均显著高于对照组（P＜0.05）；（2）血清、卵泡液中IL-1、IL-6、TNF-α在PCOS组患者中均明显高于对照组（P＜0.05）；ROC曲线显示单项炎症因子曲线下面积均大于0.7，其中卵泡液中IL-1的AUC最大（0.977），卵泡液中IL-1和IL-6联合检测AUC(0.938)。（3）PCOS组患者卵母细胞成熟率、2PN受精率及2PN卵裂率明显低于对照组（P＜0.05），总受精率、优胚率在两组中均无明显差异（P＞0.05），但是PCOS组患者临床妊娠率低、流产率高。结论:PCOS患者血清、卵泡液中TNF-α、IL-1、IL-6水平升高，其中卵泡液中IL-1，或者卵泡液中IL-1和IL-6联合检测对PCOS的预测准确性最高。PCOS患者卵母细胞成熟率、2PN受精率、2PN卵裂率及临床妊娠率降低，孕早期流产率增加；炎症因子可能介导了PCOS 的发生发展，且影响妊娠结局。     

妊娠4～9周孕妇血清雌二醇变化与妊娠结局的关系

目的探讨妊娠4～9周孕妇血清雌二醇(E2)变化与妊娠结局的关系。方法选择在本院就诊的妊娠4～9周的孕妇,根据孕妇妊娠结局分为正常妊娠组和胚胎停育组,正常妊娠组又根据有无复发性流产病史者分为两组,各组按孕周又分为6个亚组。采用化学发光分析法检测各组孕妇血清E2水平,并进行比较分析。结果正常妊娠组妊娠4～9周孕妇每周血清E2水平随妊娠周数增加而增加,有复发性流产病史的患者和无复发性流产的患者各孕周E2水平的变化差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);而胚胎停育组随孕周增加呈下降趋势。与正常妊娠组的相应孕周两两比较胚胎停育组各个孕周孕妇血清E2水平相应均数显著偏低(P<0.05)。结论胚胎停育孕妇各孕周血清E2水平均显著下降,提示E2可能是维持早期妊娠的重要因素之一。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.