Growth of human melanoma in nude mice: suppression by T-lymphocytes from the tumor donor: brief communication.

Human malignant melanoma cell lines established in tissue culture were successfully transplanted sc into BALB/c nude mice. The growth rate of the resulting tumors was significantly suppressed when lymphocytes from the patient in whom the tumor arose were injected iv into BALB/c nude mice at the same time as sc tumor transplantation, but inoculation with lymphocytes from a person without a tumor was ineffective. Cell separation identified T-lymphocytes as the active subpopulation. Growth of the tumors was also significantly suppressed by reconstitution of the mice with normal BALB/c lymphocytes; lymphocytes from BALB/c mice previously immunized against the melanoma line were not more effective than nonimmune lymphocytes in preventing tumor growth. Sera from normal BALB/c mice or BALB/c mice immunized against a human melanoma cell line effectively suppressed growth of that cell line in BALB/c nude mice if given at the time of tumor transplant. The results suggested that, whereas murine lymphocytes reconstitute the ability of nude mice to react to xenogeneic antigens on the human tumor, human lymphocytes showed greater specificity to autologous human melanoma-associated antigens.     

Environmental and genetic factors determine the level of NK activity of nude mice and affect their suitability as models for experimental metastasis

In these studies we have evaluated the effects of age, genetic background, and housing conditions on the NK-cell activity of nude mice measured in vitro and resistance to tumor metastasis in vivo. BALB/cAnN nude mice exhibited lower levels of NK-cell-mediated cytotoxicity than age-matched N:NIH(S) nude mice maintained under similar housing conditions. The stronger response of N:NIH(S) nude mice was observed also after experimental activation of NK cells by Corynebacterium parvum. Nude mice maintained under barrier conditions have weaker NK-cell activity than mice maintained under conventional conditions. The incidence of experimental pulmonary metastases of allogeneic tumors injected into nude mice was inversely correlated with the levels of NK-cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Thus, 3-week-old BALB/cAnN nude mice raised under barrier conditions were more sensitive to development of experimental metastasis than age-matched N:NIH(S) nude mice maintained under barrier conditions or nude mice of either strain maintained under conventional conditions. In both strains, however, the relative differences in metastatic potential among the tumor cell lines observed in syngeneic recipients were maintained. We conclude that young BALB/cAnN nude mice raised under barrier conditions may provide a valuable in vivo model for studying metastasis of neoplasms.     

Establishment of highly metastatic human tumor cell line in nude mice

A total of 22 adult nude mice (7 approximately 17 weeks old) of BALB/cA origin were inoculated subcutaneously (SC) with human tumor cell lines derived from rhabdomyosarcoma and lung carcinomas, including squamous cell carcinoma, bronchiolo-alveolar carcinoma, small cell carcinoma, giant cell carcinoma and 2 types of adenocarcinoma. 12 neoplasms (54.5%) was confirmed at the initial transplantation and 7 serially transplantable tumors were established in 201 nude mice. Metastatic behavior of 7 human tumor cell lines grown in nude mice was judged histologically after sacrifice and SC transplanted tumors could either be highly metastatic (giant cell carcinoma), moderately metastatic (adenocarcinoma PAb), poorly metastatic (squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma PAa) or non-metastatic (small cell carcinoma and bronchiolo-alveolar carcinoma). The tumor from SC inoculated giant cell carcinoma (PG) could produce regional and/or distant lymph node metastases (12/12) and lung metastases (9/12) in BALB/cA nude mice maintained under semi-barrier system conditions. Six NIH nude mice developed metastatic tumor nodules both in the lymph node and lung (6/6) under the same condition. The highly metastasizing property of PG transplanted tumors remained after passage for as many as 18 times. The limitations of nude mice as an in vivo model for the study of tumor biology are discussed, eg. malignant neoplasms rarely metastasize when transplanted into nude mice. The use of such model (PG) could lead to a better understanding of the biology of metastasis, thus contributing to the development of new approaches to the therapy of metastasis.     

Gene transfer of NK4, an angiogenesis inhibitor,induces CT26 tumor regression via tumor‐specific T lymphocyte activation

Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) has been shown to be involved in malignant behaviors, such as invasion and metastasis, in different tumors. Hence, HGF could be a target molecule for control of the malignant potential of cancer. NK4 is a competitive antagonist for HGF and exerts an antitumor activity, not only by HGF antagonism but also by antiangiogenesis. Here, we studied the participation of cellular immunity in CT26 tumor regression by NK4 gene transfer. In vivo experiments showed that NK4‐induced inhibition of subcutaneous tumor growth (as demonstrated in immunocompetent BALB/c mice) was weakened in T lymphocyte‐deficient nude mice. In addition, the immunocompetent BALB/c mice that had shown complete regression of CT26‐NK4 tumors generated an immune memory against repeated challenge with the same tumor antigen. Immunohistochemistry of tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes showed that the ratio of CD8/CD4 in CT26‐NK4 tumors was significantly higher than that in control tumors. Also, the presence of tumor‐specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) was demonstrated by cytotoxicity assays. Depletion of CD8+ T lymphocytes markedly abrogated the antitumor activity of NK4. However, NK4 had no direct effect on the in vitro cellular immune system. Taken together, these data indicate that NK4 expression by gene transfer, at the tumor site, triggers tumor‐specific CTL activation, resulting in complete CT26 tumor regression in vivo. This action was considered to be due to apoptosis induced by NK4's potent antiangiogenic and HGF antagonistic effects. © 2009 UICC     

高表达MUC1的人食管癌裸鼠移植瘤模型的建立

背景与目的:Mucin-1(MUC1)粘蛋白是一种肿瘤相关抗原,是肿瘤免疫治疗良好的分子靶点之一.本研究建立高表达MUCl的人食管癌裸鼠皮下移植瘤模型,为研究以MUC1为靶点的食管癌的生物治疗提供体内模型.方法:以体外培养的高表达MUC1的人食管癌细胞株EC-109接种于4～5周龄的BALB/c裸小鼠皮下,观察移植瘤生长情况,对移植瘤进行病理组织学检查,采用免疫组化方法检测移植瘤细胞增殖细胞核抗原(proliferating cell nuclear antigens,PCNA),采用流式细胞仪检测移植瘤细胞的细胞周期及MUC1的表达.结果:裸鼠皮下移植瘤成瘤率为86.0%,移植瘤具有与人恶性肿瘤相似的组织学和生物学特点,其平均PCNA标记指数为(63.5 3.6)%、S期细胞百分比(S-phase fraction,SPF)平均值为(37.6±3.7)%、MUC1的平均表达率为97.5%.结论:高表达MUC1的人食管癌裸鼠皮下移植瘤模型具有恶性肿瘤的生物学特性,可用于研究人食管癌的生物学特点,同时为以MUC1为靶点的食管癌的免疫治疗研究提供了良好的体内模型.     

In vivo metastasis of human tumor transplant in T and NK cell immune-deficient mice

Beige-nude mice with combined T and NK cell deficiency were produced by introducing "nu" gene into the beige mice of C57BL/6 background. The beige-nude mice were characterized by morphological features, level and activity of the NK cell in spleen and peripheral blood. NK cell level of the beige-nude mice was higher than the beige mice and similar to the ordinary nude mice though its NK cell activity was markedly lower than the nude mice. Human lung adenocarcinoma (PAa) was transplanted subcutaneously to the beige-nude mice and nude mice of BALB/cA background. No metastasis was found in BALB/cA nude mice (0/7), while in beige-nude mice, spontaneous lymph node metastasis rate was 36.3% (4/11). It should be noted that the transplanted PAa metastasized to lungs, which had never been seen in BALB/cA nude mice in previous experiments. The increase of metastatic rate is correlated with the relative low NK cell activity of the beige-nude mice. Our observation is that the beige-nude mice could be a suitable experimental model for in vivo study on metastatic behavior of the human tumors.     

Primary transfection as a mechanism for transformation of host cells by human tumor cells implanted in nude mice

Establishment of cell lines in vitro from a human lung cancer xenograft in nude mice resulted in transformed mouse cell lines. The transformed mouse cell lines expressed both mouse-specific and human-specific histocompatibility antigens. Of 3 cell lines, 2 were tumorigenic in BALB/c nude mice but not in normal mice. Tumors formed by the transformed mouse cell lines were fibroblastoid and epithelioid by histology. In addition, tumors exhibited neuroepithelial differentiation by ultrastructural and immunohistochemical analysis. Phenotypically they were similar to the original patient and human xenograft tumor. These data suggest that previous reports of host cell transformation and induction of fibrosarcomas may not be true fibrosarcomas. Human DNA sequences were present in the tumorigenic cell lines, indicating that spontaneous transfection of human tumor DNA into host cells had occurred. The implication of these findings is that human genetic information has been transferred to primary mouse host fibroblasts, which resulted in a transformed as well as a differentiated phenotype.     

Effect of human natural killer and gammadelta T cells on the growth of human autologous melanoma xenografts in SCID mice

Natural killer (NK) cells were first identified for their ability to kill tumor cells of different origin in vitro. Similarly, gammadelta T lymphocytes display strong cytotoxic activity against various tumor cell lines. However, the ability of both the NK and gammadelta cells to mediate natural immune response against human malignant tumors in vivo is still poorly defined. Severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice have been successfully engrafted with human tumors. In this study, the antitumor effect of local as well as of systemic treatments based on NK cells or Vdelta1 or Vdelta2 gamma/delta T lymphocytes against autologous melanoma cells was investigated in vivo. The results show that all three of the populations were effective in preventing growth of autologous human melanomas when both tumor and lymphoid cells were s.c. inoculated at the same site. However, when lymphoid cells were infused i.v., only NK cells and Vdelta1 gamma/delta T lymphocytes could either prevent or inhibit the s.c. growth of autologous melanoma. Accordingly, both NK cells and Vdelta1 gammadelta T lymphocytes could be detected at the s.c. tumor site. In contrast, Vdelta2 gammadelta T lymphocytes were only detectable in the spleen of the SCID mice. Moreover, NK cells maintained their inhibitory effect on tumor growth even after discontinuation of the treatment. Indeed they were present at the tumor site for a longer period. These data support the possibility to exploit NK cells and Vdelta1 gammadelta T lymphocytes in tumor immunotherapy. Moreover, our study emphasizes the usefulness of human tumor/SCID mouse models for preclinical evaluation of immunotherapy protocols against human tumors.     

Reconstituted basement membrane (matrigel) enhances the growth of human glioma cell lines in nude mice

Transplantation of human cancers into immunologically deficient mice is widely used to study potential therapeutic interventions in vivo. For brain tumor research, however, several factors limit more widespread application of this animal model. First, only a minority of human glioma-derived cell lines are tumorigenic in nude mice. In addition, even for tumorigenic cell lines, tumor take is variable and growth is often slow for tumors derived from cell inoculums. Reconstituted components of tumor basement membrane (matrigel) have been found to improve the growth in nude mice of several types of human tumors originating outside the central nervous system when premixed with the tumor cells before subcutaneous inoculation. We investigated the ability of matrigel to enhance the growth in nude mice of tumors derived from the human glioma cell lines U-251 MG, U-373 MG, SNB-78 and SNB-101.Athymic nude mice (NIH Swiss background, nu/nu genotype) were inoculated subcutaneously with 1.0 × 10⁶ tumor cells alone or after premixing with an equal volume of liquid matrigel. U-251 and U-373 cells were tumorigenic, with palpable tumors present by about 2 to 3 weeks. Co-injection of these cell lines with matrigel resulted in higher tumor-take rates, from 6/10 to 8/8 animals for U-251 at 60 days, and from 9/12 to 11/11 animals for U-373 at 60 days. Matrigel also enhanced tumor growth, with tumors at 45 days significantly larger than those formed in the absence of matrigel, for both cell lines (p < 0.01). SNB-78 and SNB-101 cells did not give rise to progressively enlarging solid tumors with or without matrigel.Matrigel enhances the growth of tumorigenic human gliomas in athymic nude mice. This technique provides a model with more consistent tumor take and more rapid growth kinetics for human glioma cell lines that are tumorigenic in nude mice.The U.S. Government right to retain a non-exclusive, royalty free licence in and to any copyright is acknowledged     

Susceptibility of BALB/cGnDu mice to transplantable tumors, in vitro transformed cells, BK and SV40 viruses, and chemical carcinogens

Various oncogenic agents were employed in tumor susceptibility studies of an inbred subline of BALB/cGn mice, BALB/cGnDu, which carries a mutant gene that results in spontaneous thymic involution in homozygous recessive individuals. Of 18 transplantable tumors, 3 in vitro transformed cell lines, 2 oncogenic papovaviruses and 3 chemical carcinogens evaluated, only the Harding-Passey amelanotic melanoma produced tumors in 100% of the normal adult mice injected. The S180 pleomorphic sarcoma produced tumors in 56% of normal adult mice. Although not tumorigenic in adults, the mKSA, Morris (rat) hepatoma No. 7777, and a human papovavirus - transformed human cell induced mouse tumor line [GI110(BK) B6D2 Tu] formed tumors in 100, 62 and 70%, respectively, of recipients inoculated as neonates. SV40 and human papovavirus BK virions, as well as sV40, BK, and spontaneous in vitro transformed BALB/cGnDu cells were not tumorigenic. Although the histocompatibility antigens of these animals have not been studied, no correlations could be made between the tumor susceptibility of these animals with regard to the commonly employed inbred line BALB/c nor with regard to the range of host susceptibility of the transplantable tumors. This inbred subline represents a new strain of mice whose genetic defect makes it useful for transplantation immunology and physiological genetics.     

非小细胞肺癌病人源性NOD/SCID小鼠和BALB/c裸鼠移植瘤模型的建立及比较

目的：构建人非小细胞肺癌的NOD/SCID小鼠和BALB/c裸鼠移植瘤模型,并探讨移植瘤成瘤性与小鼠品系间的关系,为后续建立优良的动物模型奠定基础。方法：取手术切除获得的23例非小细胞肺癌组织,1 h内移植于NOD/SCID小鼠或BALB/c裸鼠皮下,观察移植瘤成瘤情况,测量移植瘤体积,绘制生长曲线图,计算成瘤率、成瘤潜伏时间和成瘤时间,分析并比较移植成瘤组和未成瘤组所对应患者的相关临床病理指标,并取移植成瘤组和所对应患者的组织标本进行病理学分析。结果：NOD/SCID小鼠皮下移植瘤模型成瘤率（55.6%）,BALB/c裸鼠皮下移植瘤模型（20%）,两者间差异无统计学意义（P > 0.05）,但前者的成瘤潜伏时间和成瘤时间均短于后者（P < 0.05）。患者相关临床病理指标中鳞癌、TNM分期和淋巴结转移情况与移植瘤成瘤建模无明显相关（P=0.109、0.153、0.077）,NOD/SCID小鼠和BALB/c裸鼠皮下移植瘤模型均能保持病人肺癌肿瘤组织的形态学特征。结论：成功构建了NOD/SCID小鼠和BALB/c裸鼠皮下移植瘤模型,NOD/SCID小鼠更适宜用于肺癌病人源性皮下移植瘤模型的建立,非小细胞肺癌移植瘤模型的建立为进行体外抗肿瘤药物的筛选提供了良好的研究工具。     

接种9724肝癌细胞后不同免疫力小鼠体内T细胞的作用

目的：探讨人类肝癌细胞系9724在不同免疫力小鼠中的生长特点及T细胞对癌细胞的排斥特点,方法：体外培养9724,接种到不同免疫力小鼠（正常BALB／c,B细胞缺陷的CBA／N,T细胞缺陷的BALB／c-nu,T细胞、B细胞缺陷的SICD小鼠及免疫重建的SCID小鼠）中,观察其生长特性;测定小鼠脾细胞杀伤力流式细胞仪测定外周血CD^ ,CD8^ 的百分率。结果：BALB／c小鼠和免疫重建的BALB／c-PBL-SCID不成瘤;CBA／N随接种数量和途径不同而有不同的表现;BALB／c-nu,SCID小鼠和免疫重建的CBA／N－PBL－SCID100％成瘤。接种过癌细胞的BALB／c和CBA／N小鼠脾细胞对癌细胞杀伤力较强,免疫重建的SCID杀伤力较小。不同组别CD4^ 百分率都下降,CD8^ 变化不大,CD4^ /CD8^ 比值下降,。结论：小鼠成癌率与T细胞的作用最为密切;T细胞在异种瘤移植排斥中起主要的特异性的免疫杀伤作用。     

Growth of human breast carcinomas in nude mice and subsequent establishment in tissue culture

Thirty-two malignant human breast tumors were implanted s.c. in female nude mice. Seven tumors survived for two passages, and four were established into permanent transplantable tumor lines. The transplantable tumors have retained the histopathology of the original tumor throughout passaging in the nude mice. In addition, two of the transplantable tumors have low concentrations of estrogen receptor. Tissue culture of the original tumor specimens upon receipt resulted in epithelial outgrowth in 15 of 32 primary cultures. However, no permanent cell lines were established. Attempts to culture 23 tumors frozen with dimethyl sulfoxide upon receipt were unsuccessful. In contrast, establishment of cell strains was successful with tumor specimens cultured following passage in the nude mice; three cell strains were initiated from two of the transplantable tumors.     

Type-C RNA viruses of the NIH nude mouse.

Several types of tumors from various species were propagated in NIH athymic nude mice. Subsequently, cell lines were established from the tumors and examined for evidence of type-C virus activity. Hybrid mice (NIH Swiss and BALB/c) harbored murine type-C viruses of three categories: N-tropic, B-tropic and X-tropic.     

三氧化二砷诱导人鼻咽低分化鳞癌裸鼠移植瘤细胞分化的研究

背景与目的:既往研究发现三氧化二砷(As2O3)可诱导白血病细胞的分化,但对实体瘤细胞的诱导分化作用报道甚少。本实验拟探讨As2O3对人鼻咽低分化鳞癌可移植瘤在BALB/C裸鼠体内生长的影响,重点观察其诱导鼻咽癌细胞分化的作用。方法:以人鼻咽低分化鳞癌鼠移植癌细胞株CSNE-1为研究对象,观察腹腔注射As2O3(5mg·kg-1·d-1连续10天后,每周给药3次,连续3周)对人鼻咽癌移植瘤在BALB/C裸鼠体内生长情况的影响。用光学显微镜和电子显微镜观察移植瘤细胞形态变化,用免疫组化法检测瘤组织中增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA)的表达情况。结果:腹腔注射As2O3后,人鼻咽癌BALB/C裸鼠移植瘤生长被抑制,抑瘤率为75.4%。同时,瘤组织中癌细胞密度减少,细胞皱缩,胞浆红染,瘤组织分化渐成熟,出现角化细胞和角化珠;间质结缔组织增多。透射电镜下肿瘤细胞出现成熟分化及明显角质化,细胞表面微小突起增多,细胞间桥粒增多并以桥粒互相连接,细胞核浆比例减少,胞浆中出现大量张力原纤维并围绕核周。癌细胞PCNA在阴性对照组呈高表达,PI(PCNA阳性细胞指数)为(95.2±5.0)%,而As2O3组癌细胞PCNA表达明显减少,PI为(53.6±7.0)%(P<0.001)。结论:As2O3抑制人鼻咽低分化鳞癌BALB/C裸鼠移植瘤的生长,这种抑制作用可能与其诱导癌细胞向成熟方向分化有关     

Human endometrial carcinomas serially transplanted in nude mice and established in continuous cell lines.

Three out of five human endometrial carcinomas were successfully grafted into nude mice (BALB/c/nu/nu). Two of these tumors could be maintained by serial transplantation. The morphological characteristics displayed by the grafted tumors were comparable to those of the original carcinomas. Permanent cell lines were established from these two tumors. Reinjection of cells grown in vitro into nude mice produced nodules of identical histology as compared to original solid transplants. The influence of medroxyprogesterone acetate on tumor growth in vivo and cell proliferation in vitro was studied. This hormonal treatment did not produce any significant effect on tumor cells, either in vitro or in vivo, for the two endometrial carcinomas. After medroxyprogesterone administration, a slight but non-significant growth inhibition of the tumor cells in vitro was observed and the tumor transplants in vivo did not appear to be influenced. The experiments illustrate the possible use of this model for testing potential anti-cancer agents.     

血清胸腺因子9肽对人结肠癌HT-29的抑瘤作用

目的：观察血清胸腺因子9肽对人结肠癌HT-29移植瘤的抑制作用。方法：裸鼠皮下接种人结肠癌HT-29细胞,瘤块生长至体积约100mm~3后,分为血清胸腺因子9肽高、中、低剂量组（分别为1.25、0.625、0312mg/kg）、环磷酰胺阳性对照组（30mg/kg）和生理盐水空白对照组,每组10只,血清胸腺因子9肽各剂量组和空白对照组裸鼠每天皮下给受试物1次,连续28d。阳性对照组腹腔注射给药,每周2次,连续4周。每周称量体质量、测量瘤块长径和短径2次。于末次给药后24h处死动物,称取体质量、测量瘤块长径和短径,计算体积后,剥离肿瘤称瘤质量,计算相对肿瘤增殖率和抑瘤率。实验重复3次。结果：血清胸腺因子9肽高、中、低剂量组相对肿瘤体积与空白对照组比较均显著减小（P〈0.01或P〈0.05）,其相对肿瘤增殖率分别为50%±20%、62%±20%和77%±35%;血清胸腺因子9肽高、中、低剂量组瘤质量与空白对照组比较均明显减轻（P均〈0.01）,抑瘤率分别为45%±3%、35%±1%、27%±3%;给药前后血清胸腺因子9肽各剂量组裸鼠体质量与空白对照组比较变化不显著（P〉0.05）。结论：血清胸腺因子9肽对人结肠癌HT-29移植瘤具有明显抑制作用。     

The use of multicellular spheroids in establishing human sarcoma cell lines in vitro

By a new procedure stable monolayer cultures were derived from spheroids in 8 out of 17 different human sarcomas (16 soft-tissue and I osteogenic sarcoma). Eleven of the sarcomas were obtained from patients undergoing surgery, and 6 from BALB/c nude mice carrying s.c. growing xenografts. The new procedure involves aggregation of single-cell suspensions into spheroids and cultivation of these in agar-coated flasks until the growth rate levels off, at which time the spheroids are transferred to uncoated flasks. Cells proliferating from the rim of adhering spheroids are trypsinized and aggregated to form new spheroids. By 3 to 5 such alternations, monolayer cultures were obtained that have now been subcultured for about 6 months. The cell lines all gave rise to colonies in a clonogenic soft-agar system, and upon s.c. injection into athymic nude mice 3 lines tested formed growing tumors. The histology of spheroids formed from late monolayer passages closely resembled that of the original tumors. That the new procedure is superior to other methods of establishing sarcoma cell lines is indicated by the fact that a stable monolayer culture could be obtained directly from the tumors in only 1/8 cases where the above procedure was successful, and in only 2 instances from soft-agar colonies derived from the tumors.     

NK细胞对人鼻咽癌细胞CNE2裸鼠皮下移植瘤的抑制作用

 目的 研究同种异体NK细胞对人鼻咽癌细胞（CNE2）裸鼠皮下移植瘤的抑制作用。方法PCR-SSP法检测CNE2细胞HLA-A、B、Cw表型、NK细胞KIR表型（选择3例健康者为试验对象）,磁珠分离法分离NK细胞并进行体外培养扩增,LDH释放法测定NK细胞对CNE2细胞的体外杀伤活性。12只BALB/c裸鼠分为两组,每组6只,对照组裸鼠每只皮下接种1×106CNE2细胞,治疗组裸鼠每只皮下接种1×106CNE2细胞,同时每只经尾静脉注入3×107NK细胞,观察两组裸鼠成瘤时间、成瘤率、肿瘤体积变化、计算抑瘤率。结果 CNE2细胞表面HLA-A、B、Cw表型为A2,24;B18,35;Cw4,7,3例健康者均表达KIR2DL1、KIR2DL3、KIR3DL1、KIR3DL2。效靶比5∶1、10∶1、20∶1、30∶1时,NK细胞对CNE2细胞的杀伤活性分别为（9.37±2.14）%、（27.14±1.82）%、（36.40±4.28）%and（54.67±2.80）%。对照组和NK细胞治疗组肿瘤出现时间分别为（10.00±2.68）d、（18.80±1.64）d,（P〈0.01）,成瘤率分别为100%（6/6）、83.33%（5/6）,对照组和NK细胞治疗组裸鼠的瘤重分别为（2.22±0.09）g、（1.42±0.09）g,（P〈0.01）,NK治疗组的抑瘤率为36.04%。肿瘤组织石蜡切片病理学鉴定为低分化鳞状上皮细胞癌,NK细胞治疗组可见角化肿瘤细胞,较多的淋巴细胞浸润和大量细胞坏死区。结论 NK细胞对鼻咽癌裸鼠皮下移植瘤有明显的抑制作用,有希望成为治疗鼻咽癌的新方法。     

Tumorigenicity of human hematopoietic cell lines in athymic nude mice.

Human hematopoietic cell lines, which had been classified on the basis of studies on clonality, and morphological, chromosomal and functional parameters as lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCL) of presumed non-neoplastic origin, and lymphoma, myeloma and leukemia lines of proven malignant origin, were tested for tumorigenic potential on subcutaneous transplantation to nude mice and for capacity to grow in semi-solid medium in vitro. Recently established LCL failed to grow both in nude mice and in agarose. In contrast, some of the LCL which had developed secondary chromosomal alterations during continuous cultivation for periods exceeding several years were tumorigenic and/or had the capacity to form colonies in agarose. Most lymphoma lines formed colonies in agarose and tumors in the mice. One of the two myeloma lines formed subcutaneous tumor which, however, showed no progressive growth. The other myeloma line failed to grow. Both myeloma lines, however, formed colonies in agarose. The myeloid leukemia line was tumorigenic while two of the three tested lymphocytic leukemia lines failed to grow in the mice. All leukemia lines formed colonies in agarose. We conclude from this study that: (1) Of the two types of Epstein-Barr virus containing cell lines [LCL and Burkitt lymphoma (BL) lines], only BL lines were shown to form tumors when inoculated subcutaneously in nude mice and had the capacity to grow in agarose in vitro. This shows that EBV transformation per se does not necessarily render lymphocytes tumorigenic in nude mice. The capacity to form colonies in agarose is not acquired either. (2) Changes of the karyotype and several phenotypic characteristics which occur in the originally diploid LCL during prolonged cultivation in vitro may be accompanied by the acquisition of the potential to grow subcutaneously in nude mice and in agarose in vitro. (3) The inconsistency with regard to the capacity of come of the neoplastic cell lines to grow in nude mice or in agarose seems to underline that neither of the two tests is a reliable criterion for malignancy of human lymphoma, leukemia and myeloma cell lines.