F2M—1型心肺复苏器抢救心脏骤停患者的临床观察

目的：观察Ｆ２Ｍ１型心肺复苏器抢救心脏骤停患者的临床应用价值。方法：根据胸泵原理，利用自行研制的Ｆ２Ｍ１型心肺复苏器与徒手胸外心脏按压相比较，用于抢救９例心脏骤停患者，观察其血压、潮气量及心电图变化。结果：Ｆ２Ｍ１型心肺复苏器与徒手按压时患者收缩压（分别为１５．１±３．０ｋＰａ和５．７±１．６ｋＰａ，１ｋＰａ＝７．５ｍｍＨｇ）比较，差异非常显著（Ｐ＜０．０１），舒张压（分别为７．０±２．５ｋＰａ和１．８±０．９ｋＰａ）差异极显著（Ｐ＜０．００１）。不同部位进行人工通气的潮气量对比，Ｆ２Ｍ１型心肺复苏器潮气量大于徒手按压法，尤以按压剑突下及上腹部潮气量增加最为显著。心电图观察对比，应用Ｆ２Ｍ１型心肺复苏器较徒手按压有利于室性自主心律和窦性心律的恢复。结论：Ｆ２Ｍ１型心肺复苏器显著提高了心脏骤停患者的血压、潮气量和窦性心律的恢复，有利于急症患者的抢救。     

机械心肺复苏对心脏骤停患者复苏效果影响的Meta分析

目的:评价使用机械心肺复苏对心脏骤停患者复苏结局的影响。方法:系统检索中国知网、维普、万方、PUBMED、Web of Science等数据库中关于机械心肺复苏和徒手心肺复苏的相关文献,提取有效数据后用RevMan5.3软件进行Meta分析。结果:共计纳入20项临床研究,包含29 727例患者,其中11 104例患者在...     

ICU心脏骤停患者心肺复苏的相关临床因素分析

目的 分析影响ICU心脏骤停患者心肺复苏的相关因素.方法 收集ICU心脏骤停并行心肺复苏抢救病例131例,分为自主循环恢复(ROSC)组与未恢复(Non-ROSC)组,分析患者临床资料及影响ROSC的相关因素.结果 单因素分析显示,ROSC 组和Non-ROSC 组有统计学意义的项目:原发病(χ2=11.015,P=0.026)、心脏骤停形式(χ2=7.048,P=0.029)、目击察觉(χ2=15.886,P＜0.001),无统计学意义的项目:性别、年龄及心脏骤停时间点等.Logistic回归分析显示,原发病为心血管疾病(OR=0.129,P=0.003)、脑血管疾病(OR=7.818,P=0.002)、严重多发伤(OR=0.141,P=0.014),心脏骤停形式为心脏停搏或无脉电活动(OR=4.573,P=0.006),目击察觉(OR=0.078,P=0.000)是影响ICU心脏骤停患者心肺复苏的重要因素.结论 原发病、心脏骤停形式及目击察觉是影响ICU心脏骤停患者心肺复苏的重要因素.     

急诊科心肺复苏机抢救心脏骤停的应用价值

目的:探讨急诊科心肺复苏机抢救心脏骤停的应用效果。方法:选取2015年12月~2017年10月我院急诊科收治的心脏骤停患者100例为研究对象,随机分为对照组和研究组各50例。研究组给予心肺复苏机救治,对照组给予徒手心肺复苏救治。比较两组患者的救治效果。结果:研究组治疗有效率与存活率明显高于对照组(P0.05);研究组循环与呼吸恢复时间短于对照组(P0.05)。结论 :应用心肺复苏机抢救急诊科心脏骤停患者效果显著,可提高患者存活率,值得临床推广。     

心脏骤停24例抢救复苏体会

作者自 1 997年以来 ,以电除颤为主要复苏手段对 2 4例心脏骤停患者进行复苏 ,现总结如下。1　临床资料2 4例患者 ,男 1 8例 ,女 6例 ,年龄平均 45 2岁。病因 :冠心病 8例 ,风湿性心脏病 2例 ,药物中毒 4例 ,电击伤 4例 ,淹溺 2例 ,病因不明 4例 ,心脏骤停时间 2～ 1 5ｍｉｎ。心脏骤停类型 :室颤 1 8例 ,心室静止 6例。临床迅速判断为心脏骤停后 ,立即给予有效的心脏按压 ,随即以ＭＯＤＥＭａｓｔＥＲＸＬ 心脏除颤监护仪的 2个电击板进行监测 ,一旦发现为室颤 ,立即予以电击除颤 ,成人首次 2 0 0Ｊ,如无效 ,静注肾上腺素 2ｍｇ ,3～ 5ｍ…     

心脏骤停后心肺复苏和心肺脑复苏成功病例的对比分析

目的 探讨影响心脏骤停患者成功脑复苏的相关因素.方法 回顾对比分析心脏骤停后成功心肺脑复苏(A组,n=38)和仅心肺复苏成功(B组,n=42)患者之间的相关指标,包括性别、年龄、原发疾病、心脏骤停原因、心脏骤停环境、心脏骤停相关时间和心肺复苏后相关治疗持续时间.结果 两组性别比和平均年龄比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).原发疾病:A组以外科为主(78.9%),B组以内科为主(61.9%),两组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.005).心脏骤停原因:A组31例(81.6%)为急性缺氧、低血压、内脏神经反射和单纯心脏疾患, B组30例(71.4%)为慢性缺氧和慢性心脏病,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.005).心脏骤停环境:A组24例(63.2%)发生在手术室和ICU,B组22例(52.4%)发生在普通病房,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.005).心脏骤停相关时间:A组心脏骤停持续时间(8.2±8.7)min,自主心跳恢复时间(6.7±8.4)min,脑缺血缺氧时间(1.5±1.3)min,均明显短于B组[分别为(30.8±26.2)min、(27.7±24.9)min和(3.1±3.1)min,P＜0.001或P＜0.005].心肺复苏后相关治疗持续时间:A组亚低温持续时间(4.0±2.6)d,呼吸机持续时间(11.1±19.7)d,与B组[(5.9±3.8)d和(15.4±29.3)d]比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).Logistic多因素回归分析显示,原发疾病(OR=6.22,95%CI 1.64～23.46)、心脏骤停持续时间(OR=1.11,95%CI 1.04～1.19)和心脏骤停发生环境(OR=4.51,95%CI 1.22～16.61)与成功脑复苏的关系更密切,成为三个独立影响因素.结论 没有明显慢性疾病,在手术室和ICU以急性缺氧、低血压和单纯心脏原因发生的心脏骤停,抢救及时有效,复苏后处理恰当、合理,尽早实施全面脑保护是成功脑复苏的有利因素.     

心源性心脏骤停心肺复苏成功的分析

目的分析影响心源性心脏骤停患者心肺复苏成功的临床因素。方法选择该院收治的心源性心脏骤停患者共58例,根据复苏成功与否分成心肺复苏成功组(成功组)22例和心肺复苏失败组(失败组)36例。分析两组患者的临床资料,探讨与心肺复苏成功的相关因素。结果两组患者性别比和发病种类比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);成功组患者的年龄和入院时间明显低于失败组,院前给予抢救的比例明显高于失败组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。成功组患者的心脏停搏时间、抢救时间、心肺复苏循环平均次数、肾上腺素剂量和电除颤次数明显低于失败组,应用辅助机械通气的比例明显高于失败组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论心肺复苏成功的因素可能与发病年龄、入院时间、院前给予抢救的比例、心脏停搏时间、抢救时间、心肺复苏循环次数、肾上腺素剂量、平均电除颤次数和应用辅助机械通气有关。     

心肺复苏质量对心博骤停猪血流动力学及氧代谢的影响

目的 应用O-CPR技术控制心肺复苏(CPR)质量,以观察在心脏骤停动物模型实施不同质量的CPR对复苏期间血流动力学和氧代谢的影响.方法 18头体质量为(30±1)kg的北京长白猪麻醉后,右侧股静脉送入Swan-Ganz导管并连接爱德华VigianceⅡ连续心排血量监测仪,左侧颈内静脉置管并放置电极到右心室,并分别行主动脉、右心房置管,连续记录血流动力学各指标,然后使用医用程控刺激仪电击致动物心博骤停,在室颤4 min后,将实验猪随机分为2组,标准CPR组和不标准CPR组,利用飞利浦HeartStart MRx监护仪/除颤器的O-CPR进行质量控制,监测胸外按压的深度、频率和回弹等.其中标准CPR组在复苏时进行标准胸外按压,频率为100次/min,按压通气比为30:2,按压深度为38～51 mm,胸廓充分回弹;不标准CPR组按压频率和按压通气比不变,但是按压深度为标准按压的60%～70%,每次胸廓回弹均不完全.在按压和通气9 min后开始电除颤.在各个时间点监测心排血量(CO)、平均主动脉压(MAP)等,计算冠脉灌注压(CPP),监测动静脉血气并计算氧输送量(DO2)和氧耗量(VO2)等,记录复苏成功的实验猪头数.数据处理采用SPSS 11.5统计软件进行y2检验和两个样本的t检验.结果 标准CPR组的自主循环恢复(ROSC)的成功率达90.9%,明显高于不标准者的28.6%(P=0.013),标准CPR组主要血流动力学指标CPP、CO、MAP高(P<0.05),全身血液氧合程度好,D02和VO2高于对照组(P<0.05).结论 在室颤心脏骤停猪模型中,应用规范化标准心肺复苏较不标准者能够明显提高CPP和CO2改善复苏期间的血流动力学,并可以提高DO2和VO2,对氧代谢的改善产生积极作用,因此ROSC成功率明显提高.     

Clinical evaluation of active abdominal lifting and compression CPR in patients with cardiac arrest

Background

Chest compression is a standard recommendation during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). However, chest compression cannot be effectively applied under certain situations, such as chest wall deformity, rib fracture, or hemopneumothorax. An alternative method, abdominal compression, was reported to achieve better resuscitation outcomes in these patients.

255例院前心搏骤停患者心肺复苏影响因素分析

目的了解6年来心肺复苏(CPR)现状,分析其影响因素,研究如何提高CPR水平。方法对本院2001-01～2007-01院前发生的255例心搏骤停(cardiacarrest,CA)患者的资料进行分析,比较自主循环恢复(ROSC)成功组和失败组的CPR开始时间、CPR持续时间、除颤次数、肾上腺素用量等。结果全部病例ROSC成功率为38.03%,脑复苏成功率仅为2.74%。两组CPR开始时间(从心脏停搏至CPR开始时间)、人工气道开始建立时间、是否安装临时起搏器、肾上腺素用量比较差异有统计学意义(P≤0.01),在CPR持续时间、除颤次数方面比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。CPR成功率与CPR开始时间和急救水平高低有密切关系。结论CA患者CPR成功率较低,与"生命链"未彻底落实及急救水平低有关。普及全民急救知识,加强完善急救医疗体系建设,是提高CPR成功率的关键措施。     

Comparison of chest compression only and standard cardiopulmonary resuscitation for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in Singapore

OBJECTIVE: Chest compression only cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CC-CPR) without ventilation has been proposed as an alternative to standard cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) for bystanders. However, there has been controversy regarding the relative effectiveness of both of these techniques. We aim to compare the outcomes of cardiac arrest patients in the cardiac arrest and resuscitation epidemiology study who either received CC-CPR, standard CPR or no bystander CPR. METHODS: This prospective cohort study involved all out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) patients attended to by emergency medical service (EMS) providers in a large urban centre. The data analyses were conducted secondarily on these collected data. The technique of bystander CPR was reported by paramedics who arrived at the scene. RESULTS: From 1 October 2001 to 14 October 2004, 2428 patients were enrolled into the study. Of these, 255 were EMS-witnessed arrests and were excluded. 1695 cases did not receive any bystander CPR, 287 had standard CPR and 154 CC-CPR. Patient characteristics were similar in both the standard and CC-CPR groups except for a higher incidence of residential arrests and previous heart disease sufferers in the CC-CPR group. Patients who received standard CPR (odds ratio (OR) 5.4, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.1-14.0) or CC-CPR (OR 5.0, 95% CI 1.5-16.4) were more likely to survive to discharge than those who had no bystander CPR. There was no significant difference in survival to discharge between those who received CC-CPR and standard CPR (OR 0.9, 95% CI 0.3-3.1). CONCLUSION: We found that patients were more likely to survive with any form of bystander CPR than without. This emphasises the importance of chest compressions for OHCA patients, whether with or without ventilation.     

Comparison of relative and actual chest compression depths during cardiac arrest in children, adolescents, and young adults

Aim

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) guidelines recommend specific chest compression (CC) target depths for children. We quantitatively describe relative anterior–posterior diameter (APD) depth, actual depth, and force of CCs during real CPR events in children.

Methods

CC depth and force were recorded during real CPR events in children ≥8 years using FDA-approved CC sensor. Patient chest APD was measured at conclusion of each CPR event. CC data was stratified and analyzed according to age (pre-puberty, 8–14 years; post-puberty, 15+ years). Relative (% APD) and actual CC depth, corrected for mattress deflection, were assessed and compared with American Heart Association (AHA) 2005 and 2010 pediatric CPR guidelines.

Results

35 events in 32 subjects included 16,158 CCs for data analysis: 16 pre-puberty (CCs = 7484, age 11.9 ± 2 years, APD 164.6 ± 25.1 mm); 19 post-puberty (CCs = 8674, age 18.0 ± 2.7 years, APD 196.5 ± 30.4 mm). After correction for mattress deflection, 92% of CC delivered to pre-puberty were <1/3 relative APD and 60% of CC were <38 mm actual depth. Mean actual CC depth (36.2 ± 9.6 mm vs. 36.8 ± 9.9 mm, p = 0.64), mean relative APD (22.5% ± 7.0% vs. 19.5 ± 6.7%, p = 0.13), and mean CC force (30.7 ± 7.6 kg vs. 33.6 ± 9.4 kg, p = 0.07) were not significantly less in pre-puberty vs. post-puberty.

Conclusions

During in-hospital cardiac arrest of children ≥8 years, CCs delivered by resuscitation teams were frequently <1/3 relative APD and <38 mm actual depth after mattress deflection correction, below pediatric and adult target guidelines. Mean CC actual depth and force were not significantly different in pre-puberty and post-puberty. Additional investigation to determine depth of CCs to optimize hemodynamics and outcomes is needed to inform future CPR guidelines.     

Chest compression-only cardiopulmonary resuscitation performed by lay rescuers for adult out-of-hospital cardiac arrest due to non-cardiac aetiologies

Objective

Bystander CPR improves survival in patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). For adult sudden collapse, bystander chest compression-only CPR (COCPR) is recommended in some circumstances by the American Heart Association and European Resuscitation Council. However, adults who arrest from non-cardiac causes may also receive COCPR. Because rescue breathing may be more important for individuals suffering OHCA secondary to non-cardiac causes, COCPR is not recommended for these cases. We evaluated the relationship of lay rescuer COCPR and survival after OHCA from non-cardiac causes.

Methods

Analysis of a statewide Utstein-style registry of adult OHCA, during a large scale campaign endorsing COCPR for OHCA from presumed cardiac cause. The relationship between lay rescuer CPR (both conventional CPR and COCPR) and survival to hospital discharge was evaluated.

Results

Presumed non-cardiac aetiologies of OHCA accounted for 15% of all cases, and lay rescuer CPR was provided in 29% of these cases. Survival to hospital discharge occurred in 3.8% after conventional CPR, 2.7% after COCPR, and 4.0% after no CPR (p = 0.85). The proportion of patients receiving COCPR was much lower in the cohort of OHCA from respiratory causes (8.3%) than for those with presumed cardiac OHCA (18.0%; p < 0.001).

Conclusions

In the setting of a campaign endorsing lay rescuer COCPR for cardiac OHCA, bystanders were less likely to perform COCPR on OHCA victims who might benefit from rescue breathing.     

Effects of compression depth and pre-shock pauses predict defibrillation failure during cardiac arrest

BACKGROUND: Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and electrical defibrillation are the primary treatment options for ventricular fibrillation (VF). While recent studies have shown that providing CPR prior to defibrillation may improve outcomes, the effects of CPR quality remain unclear. Specifically, the clinical effects of compression depth and pauses in chest compression prior to defibrillation (pre-shock pauses) are unknown. METHODS: A prospective, multi-center, observational study of adult in-hospital and out-of-hospital cardiac resuscitations was conducted between March 2002 and December 2005. An investigational monitor/defibrillator equipped to measure compression characteristics during CPR was used. RESULTS: Data were analyzed from 60 consecutive resuscitations in which a first shock was administered for VF. The primary outcome was first shock success defined as removal of VF for at least 5s following defibrillation. A logistic regression analysis demonstrated that successful defibrillation was associated with shorter pre-shock pauses (adjusted odds ratio 1.86 for every 5s decrease; 95% confidence interval 1.10-3.15) and higher mean compression depth during the 30s of CPR preceding the pre-shock pause (adjusted odds ratio 1.99 for every 5mm increase; 95% confidence interval 1.08-3.66). CONCLUSIONS: The quality of CPR prior to defibrillation directly affects clinical outcomes. Specifically, longer pre-shock pauses and shallow chest compressions are associated with defibrillation failure. Strategies to correct these deficiencies should be developed and consideration should be made to replacing current-generation automated external defibrillators that require long pre-shock pauses for rhythm analysis.     

CPR quality improvement during in-hospital cardiac arrest using a real-time audiovisual feedback system

BACKGROUND: Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) quality during actual cardiac arrest has been found to be deficient in several recent investigations. We hypothesized that real-time feedback during CPR would improve the performance of chest compressions and ventilations during in-hospital cardiac arrest. METHODS: An investigational monitor/defibrillator with CPR-sensing and feedback capabilities was used during in-hospital cardiac arrests from December 2004 to December 2005. Chest compression and ventilation characteristics were recorded and quantified for the first 5 min of resuscitation and compared to a baseline cohort of arrest episodes without feedback, from December 2002 to April 2004. RESULTS: Data from 55 resuscitation episodes in the baseline pre-intervention group were compared to 101 resuscitations in the feedback intervention group. There was a trend toward improvement in the mean values of CPR variables in the feedback group with a statistically significant narrowing of CPR variable distributions including chest compression rate (104+/-18 to 100+/-13 min(-1); test of means, p=0.16; test of variance, p=0.003) and ventilation rate (20+/-10 to 18+/-8 min(-1); test of means, p=0.12; test of variance, p=0.04). There were no statistically significant differences between the groups in either return of spontaneous circulation or survival to hospital discharge. CONCLUSIONS: Real-time CPR-sensing and feedback technology modestly improved the quality of CPR during in-hospital cardiac arrest, and may serve as a useful adjunct for rescuers during resuscitation efforts. However, feedback specifics should be optimized for maximal benefit and additional studies will be required to assess whether gains in CPR quality translate to improvements in survival.     

Outcomes of patients with trauma and intraoperative cardiac arrest

Background

Although the occurrence of intraoperative cardiac arrest is rare, it is a severe adverse event with a high mortality rate. Trauma patients have additional causes for intraoperative arrest, and we hypothesised that the survival of trauma patients who experienced intraoperative cardiac arrest would be worse than nontrauma patients who experienced intraoperative cardiac arrest.

Objectives

The aim of the present study was to compare the outcomes of trauma and nontrauma patients after intraoperative cardiac arrest.

Methods

In a tertiary university hospital and trauma centre, the intraoperative cardiac arrest cases were evaluated from January 2007 to December 2009, excluding patients submitted to cardiac surgery. Data were prospectively collected using the Utstein-style. Outcomes among the patients with trauma were compared to the patients without trauma.

Results

We collected data from 81 consecutive intraoperative cardiac arrest cases: 32 with trauma and 49 without trauma. Patients in the trauma group were younger than the patients in the nontrauma group (44 ± 23 vs. 63 ± 17, p < 0.001). Hypovolaemia (63% vs. 35%, p = 0.022) and metabolic/hydroelectrolytic disturbances (41% vs. 2%, p < 0.001) were more likely to cause the cardiac arrest in the trauma group. The first documented arrest rhythm did not differ between the groups, and pulseless electrical activity was the most prevalent rhythm (66% vs. 53%, p = 0.698). The return of spontaneous circulation (47% vs. 63%, p = 0.146) and survival to discharge with favourable neurological outcome (16% vs. 14%, p = 0.869) did not differ between the two groups.

Conclusions

The outcomes did not differ between patients with trauma and nontrauma intraoperative cardiac arrest.