光动力治疗上消化道较早期肿瘤的初探

目的观察光动力疗法治疗上消化道早期肿瘤的近期疗效。方法中期食管癌患者3例,胃底早癌1例。静脉注射光敏剂photosan 2 mg/kg,44～48 h后应用波长630 nm的半导体激光进行光动力治疗。术后1个月、3个月、6个月、1年复查胃镜并进行病理学检查,复查胸腹部CT,评价近期疗效,并记录术中和术后不良反应发生情况。结果术后1周肿瘤组织坏死,尚未脱落。术后1个月左右,胃镜示原病灶几乎完全消退,病理检查未发现肿瘤细胞。术中及术后无出血、穿孔等不良反应发生。主要的不良反应是照射部位的轻微疼痛、反酸及低热,经对症处理均可缓解。1例食管癌患者治疗后2个月左右出现食管瘢痕狭窄,经胃镜下扩张治疗并放置食管支架后症状缓解。该患者已随访近1年,连续5次胃镜病理未见肿瘤复发及残留。结论光动力疗法治疗上消化道早期肿瘤安全、有效、损伤小,术后恢复快。尤其适用于长期服用抗凝药、合并心脑血管等基础病而不能耐受手术及放化疗,以及胃镜下EMR、ESD切除肿瘤存在高度出血风险的患者。     

光动力治疗食管癌不良反应分析及防治

目的分析光动力治疗食管癌的不良反应及防治体会。方法选取2011年6月-2013年6月北京军区总医院行光动力治疗的11例食管癌患者,观察术后发热、胸痛、肺感染、吞咽困难、凝血功能改变等不良反应,探讨上述不良反应及防治措施。结果除光敏反应外,主要不良反应包括一过性发热、胸痛、咳嗽、咳痰、肺感染及吞咽困难。11例患者均发生不同程度的高凝状态,1例发生急性冠脉综合征。结论光动力治疗较早期食管癌疗效确切,全身不良反应较轻,大多不良反应可通过对症处理而缓解。但对于凝血功能的影响尚有待进一步的观察。     

多层螺旋CT检查肝脏体积对乙型肝炎肝硬化患者肝脏受损程度的量化诊断价值分析*

目的 探讨应用多层螺旋CT肝脏扫描计算肝脏体积对乙型肝炎肝硬化患者肝脏受损程度的量化诊断价值。方法 2015年4月~2017年4月在我院接受CT检查的乙型肝炎肝硬化患者70例,常规进行肝功能Child-Pugh分级和终末期肝病模型（MELD）评分。根据公式计算肝脏理论体积,将CT扫描得到的肝脏CT原始图像导入Mimics10.01软件,计算肝脏实际体积。结果 28例Child-Pugh C级患者肝脏CT实测体积为（712.07±65.89） cm³,25例B级患者为（832.17±80.46） cm³,17例A级患者为（992.51±299.02） cm³,均显著小于理论体积[分别为（1415.74±126.81） cm³、（1458.29±164.17） cm³和（1498.93±114.39） cm³,P<0.05]; 22例MELD评分≥20患者肝脏CT体积为（757.83±39.04） cm³,和30例20>MELD评分≥10患者肝脏CT体积为（813.84±80.97） cm³,18例MELD评分<10分患者肝脏CT体积为（982.09±281.75）cm³,均显著小于肝脏理论体积[分别为（1461.57±65.23） cm³、（1481.19±155.85） cm³和（1482.12±87.26）cm³,P<0.05]。结论 多层螺旋CT扫描计算肝脏体积可作为判断乙型肝炎肝硬化患者肝脏受损程度的一个量化指标,具有重要的临床意义。     

螺旋CT测定肝脏体积评估乙型肝炎肝硬化患者肝脏储备功能的应用

目的 运用螺旋CT扫描测定肝脏体积评估乙型肝炎肝硬化患者肝脏储备功能。方法 2016年6月～2020年2月我院诊治的乙型肝炎肝硬化患者60例,行CT增强扫描,应用法国Intrasense公司的Myrian XP Liver医学图像分析软件计算实际肝脏体积(PLV),并与理论肝脏体积(TLV)比较。根据肝脏CT表现,将肝硬化分为1～4级。结果 本组肝硬化CT分级为1级12例,2级25,3级13例和4级10例; CT 1级患者PLV为(996.2±145.5)cm³,显著小于TLV【(1440.2±106.2)cm³, P<0.05】,2级患者PLV为(918.2±116.4)cm³,显著小于TLV【(1408.8±92.0)cm³,P<0.05】,3级患者PLV为(852.4±70.8)cm³,显著小于TLV【(1380.2±104.8)cm³,P<0.05】,4级患者PLV为(724.9±92.3)cm³,也显著小于TLV【(1352.1±88.2)cm³,P<0.05】;15例Child-Pugh A级患者PLV为(985.2±250.8)cm³,显著小于TLV【(1420.6±125.0)cm³,P<0.05】,31例B级患者PLV为(820.6±105.4)cm³,显著小于TLV 【(1381.8±110.8)cm³,P<0.05】,14例C级患者PLV为(704.6±70.5)cm³,显著小于TLV 【(1340.5±120.9)cm³,P<0.05】;14例MELD评分＜10分患者PLV为(960.6±162.5)cm³,显著小于TLV【(1408.2±92.8)cm³,P<0.05】,28例MELD评分为10～20分患者PLV为(842.6±90.6)cm³,显著小于TLV【(1372.4±108.0)cm³,P<0.05】,18例MELD评分＞20分患者PLV为(782.1±40.8)cm³,显著小于TLV 【(1325.0±130.8)cm³,P<0.05】。结论 应用分析软件测定螺旋CT扫描获得的实际肝脏体积能够有效评价乙型肝炎肝硬化患者肝硬化程度及其储备功能,值得临床总结应用。     

食管裂孔疝多层螺旋CT容积测量的临床应用

目的探讨多层螺旋CT测量疝囊及腹腔容积技术在巨大食管裂孔疝临床治疗中的意义。 方法回顾性分析2015年6月至2016年2月,新疆维吾尔自治区人民医院收住的15例临床诊断为巨大食管裂孔疝患者的临床资料,均经64排螺旋CT腹腔扫描,通过三维重建技术进行疝囊及腹腔容积测量,并进行临床随访。 结果15例患者疝囊容积166.5～1 080.6 cm³,平均容积为(569.9±268.0)cm³。胸腔容积2 136.3～6 104.2 cm³,平均容积为(3 615.9±1 061.1)cm³。腹腔容积为4 436.9～12 630.2 cm³,平均容积为(9 540.2±2 618.9)cm³。疝囊容积/腹腔容积比值2.3%～19.6%,平均(6.69%±4.6%)。体质指数为19.9～41 kg/cm²,平均(27.1±5.83)kg/cm²。食管裂孔宽度2.66～5.45 cm,平均疝口直径值(3.89±0.85)cm。15例临床随访,10例经术前评估,腹腔镜手术治疗,治愈出院;1例出现术后疝复发,合并肺部感染,胸腔积液;1例出现术后感染,呼吸衰竭;1例因高龄未行手术;1例体重过重,建议减轻体重后,进一步治疗;1例自动出院。 结论多层螺旋CT平面重组技术可以清楚显示食管裂孔疝膈肌上疝囊形态,内容物以及周围毗邻关系,可以测量疝口的大小,疝囊的容积及腹腔容积,为食管裂孔疝临床分类以及临床治疗决策提供依据。巨大食管裂孔疝手术并发症发生率较高,通过疝囊/腹腔容积测量评价手术危险程度,可以避免严重手术并发症的发生。     

红外线照射结合黄芪注射液外敷对糖尿病足患者的治疗效果刍议

目的 探讨红外线照射结合黄芪注射液外敷对糖尿病足患者的治疗效果。方法 选择2022年6月—2023年3月在吉林化工医院治疗的112例糖尿病足患者为治疗对象。按患者入院治疗顺序编号,根据编号的奇偶性分为对照组和观察组,每组56例。两组患者均采取相同基础治疗,对照组增加远红外线照射干预,观察组在对照组基础上,外敷黄芪注射液治疗。比较两组患者溃疡面积、创面渗出评分、足背动脉血流速度和治疗总有效率等方面。结果 治疗后,观察组足部溃疡面积为(1.92±0.28)cm²,小于对照组的(2.63±0.34)cm²,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组创面渗出积分为(0.62±0.19)分,小于对照组的(0.93±0.32)分,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组患者足背动脉血流速度为(29.53±3.95)cm/s,大于对照组的(26.07±3.98)cm/s,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组治疗总有效率为96.43%,高于对照组的85.71%,差异有统计学意义(χ²=3.953,P<0.05)...     

慢加急性肝衰竭患者第三腰椎骨骼肌指数与临床指标的关系*

目的 观察慢加急性肝衰竭(ACLF)患者第三腰椎骨骼肌指数(L3-SMI)及其与临床指标的关系。方法 2015年1月～2019年6月我院收治的126例住院期间完善了腹部CT或MRI检查的ACLF患者,计算L3-SMI,比较不同L3-SMI水平患者的临床特点。结果 入组患者男性113例,女性13例;男性患者L3-SMI为(40.3±7.4)cm²/m²,显著大于女性患者[(33.9±4.5)cm²/m²,P＜0.05];在男性患者中,有肝硬化基础者L3-SMI为(38.1±5.9)cm²/m²,显著低于无肝硬化基础者[(42.0±7.9)cm²/m², P＜0.05];酒精性肝病患者L3-SMI为(34.8±6.8)cm²/m²,显著低于非酒精性肝病患者[(41.5±7.0)cm²/m², P＜0.05];90 d生存组患者L3-SMI为(40.7±7.7)cm²/m²,与90 d死亡患者[(38.8±6.3)cm²/m², P＞0.05]比,差异无统计学意义;将男性患者分为低L3-SMI组(≤40 cm²/m²)61例和高L3-SMI组(＞40 cm²/m²)52例,结果低L3-SMI组和高L3-SMI组患者肝性脑病发生率分别为19.7%和13.5% (P＞0.05),低L3-SMI组90 d生存率为68.9%,与高L3-SMI组的76.9%(P＞0.05)比,差异无统计学意义;高L3-SMI组患者体质指数为(24.5±3.9)kg/m²,显著高于低L3-SMI组[(20.5±2.9)cm²/m², P＜0.05];高L3-SMI组患者血红蛋白为(126.4±23.2)g/L,显著高于低L3-SMI组[(114.7±21.3)g/L, P＜0.05];高L3-SMI组患者血钠为(136.6±4.1)g/L,显著高于低L3-SMI组[(133.5±4.5)g/L, P＜0.05];低L3-SMI组和高L3-SMI组患者血清总胆红素分别为[(437.1±198.3)μmol/L和(317.4±173.0)μmol/L,P＜0.05],差异显著。结论 女性患者、低体质量患者、肝硬化患者、酒精性肝病患者L3-SMI水平更低,ACLF患者L3-SMI水平与病情严重程度呈负相关,与疾病转归存在一定的相关性,但需进一步扩大样本进行验证。     

基于IDEAL-IQ序列精准定量腹部脂肪体积技术的临床应用

目的研究基于IDEAL-IQ序列脂肪分量图精准定量腹部脂肪体积的临床应用价值。 方法回顾性收集2018年5月至2020年9月深圳市宝安区中心医院行IDEAL-IQ序列检查82例患者的腰围、体重,序列所得脂肪分量像利用AW4.6后处理工作站Reformat功能处理,半自动提取患者L2、L3椎体水平内脏脂肪及皮下脂肪,二者相加得出相应层面腹部脂肪体积。 结果82例患者年龄(40.4±10.9)岁,体重(74.9±9.5)kg,腰围(92.9±8.9)cm。L2椎体水平内脏脂肪体积(555.33±177.38)cm³、皮下脂肪体积(497.59±207.53)cm³、腹部脂肪体积(1052.91±305.81)cm³。L3椎体水平内脏脂肪体积(552.50±184.39)cm³、皮下脂肪体积(564.01±213.65)cm³、腹部脂肪体积(1086.51±330.24)cm³。L2、L3椎体水平腹部脂肪体积与体重中等相关(r＝0.629,0.671,P<0.01)。L2、L3椎体水平腹部脂肪体积与腰围相关性较高(r＝0.771,0.805,P<0.01)。 结论IDEAL-IQ序列快捷、准确、无创、安全,辅以后处理功能,提供了一种半自动精准定量体内脂肪含量的技术,有望替代传统CT扫描成为临床对于体内脂肪含量及分布更佳的观察、随访方式。     

酮咯酸氨丁三醇预防性镇痛对老年结肠癌根治术患者镇痛效果和免疫功能的影响

目的分析酮咯酸氨丁三醇预防性镇痛应用于老年结肠癌根治术患者的镇痛效果及对免疫功能的影响。方法选取2016年5月-2019年4月无锡第二医院收治的80例老年结肠癌患者,将所有患者依据随机数字表法分为观察组(n=40)及对照组(n=40)。观察组使用酮咯酸氨丁三醇预防性镇痛后行常规结肠癌根治术,对照组使用等量的生理盐水后行常规结肠癌根治术。对比2组术后疼痛感、炎症细胞因子、T细胞亚群细胞数及术后不良反应情况。结果观察组术后30 min、1 h及24 h的VAS评分明显低于对照组及同组麻醉诱导前(P<0.05);术后24 h对照组IL-11β及IL-6水平高于观察组及同组麻醉诱导前,IL-10水平低于观察组及同组麻醉诱导前(P<0.05);术后24 h对照组T淋巴细胞亚群CD3⁺、CD4⁺及CD8⁺低于同组麻醉诱导前及观察组(P<0.05),2组CD4⁺/CD8⁺差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);2组术后不良反应发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论酮咯酸氨丁三醇预防性镇痛用于老年结肠癌根治术患者能取得较好的镇痛效果,可有效地减轻患者术后疼痛,保护其免疫功能,抑制炎症反应的发生。     

经导管主动脉瓣置换术对主动脉瓣狭窄患者肾功能的影响

目的探讨经导管主动脉瓣置换术(TAVR)对主动脉瓣狭窄患者术后肾功能的影响。方法本研究为单中心回顾性研究。连续入选2014年10月至2019年10月在复旦大学附属中山医院行TAVR治疗的主动脉瓣狭窄患者。依据术前1 d肾小球滤过率(eGFR)将纳入患者分为4组:>90 ml·min^-1·1.73m^-2组、>60~90 ml·min^-1·1.73m^-2组、>30~60 ml·min^-1·1.73m^-2组和≤30 ml·min^-1·1.73m^-2组。术后72 h再次检测eGFR,按照术后肾功能变化将患者分为急性肾功能恢复(AKR)组、急性肾脏损伤(AKI)组和肾功能无变化组。其中AKR定义为TAVR术后72 h的eGFR值增加>基线值的25%,AKI定义为TAVR术后72 h的eGFR值降低>基线值的25%。比较各组的相关临床资料,并采用多因素logistic回归分析TAVR术后肾功能变化的影响因素。结果本研究共纳入217例因主动脉瓣狭窄行TAVR治疗的患者,年龄(76.7±7.4)岁,其中女性86例,胸外科医师学会评分为(9.5±5.8)分。>90 ml·min^-1·1.73m^-2组(n=19)、>60~90 ml·min^-1·1.73m^-2组(n=116)、>30~60 ml·min^-1·1.73m^-2组(n=70)和≤30 ml·min^-1·1.73m^-2组(n=12)术后达AKR者所占比例分别为0、30.2%(35/116)、58.6%(41/70)和75.0%(9/12);共3例(1.4%)患者发生AKI,其中>30~60 ml·min^-1·1.73m^-2组2例,>60~90 ml·min^-1·1.73m^-2组1例。eGFR<60 ml·min^-1·1.73m^-2患者中AKI发生率为2.4%(2/82)。纳入的217例患者中,AKR组85例(39.2%)、AKI组3例(1.4%)、肾功能无变化组129例(59.4%)。3组的体重指数(BMI)、术前左心室舒张末期内径(LVEDD)和术前eGFR分布差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析显示,BMI(OR=5.54,95%CI 1.04~29.58,P=0.045)、术前LVEDD(OR=1.22,95%CI 1.09~1.38,P=0.001)及术前eGFR(OR=2.23,95%CI 2.04~2.55,P=0.004)是术后非AKR的危险因素。结论TAVR术后绝大多数患者表现为肾功能不变或者改善,TAVR术后肾功能的变化与BMI及术前LVDD、eGFR相关。     

Combined endoscopic mucosal resection and photodynamic therapy for esophageal neoplasia within Barrett's esophagus.

BACKGROUND: Endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) and photodynamic therapy have been proposed as treatments for early stage cancers. EMR is limited by its focal nature whereas photodynamic therapy is dependent on precise staging. The combination of EMR and photodynamic therapy were studied in the treatment of superficial cancer in patients with Barrett's esophagus. METHODS: Seventeen consecutive nonsurgical patients with superficial cancers underwent EMR followed by photodynamic therapy with a porphyrin photosensitizer. Photoradiation was performed at 630 nm for a total dose of 200 J/cm of diffuser. RESULTS: Seventeen patients (15 men; mean age 69 +/- 13 years) underwent EMR. The mean diameter of mucosal resection was 1 cm. The margins were involved by cancer in 3 cases. EMR improved staging in 8 patients (47%). Sixteen (94%) patients remained in remission (median follow-up 13 months). Complications included minor bleeding after EMR in 1 patient (6%), stricture in 5 (30%), cutaneous phototoxicity in 2 (12%), and supraventricular tachycardia in 1 patient (6%). CONCLUSIONS: Combined EMR and photodynamic therapy appears to be an effective and safe therapy for superficial esophageal cancer within Barrett's esophagus. This combination improves cancer staging, removes the superficial cancer, and eliminates remaining mucosa at risk for cancer development.     

MRI与4DCT联合指导勾画原发性肝癌患者放疗靶区初步研究

目的 探讨磁共振成像(MRI)与四维计算机断层扫描(4DCT)图像联合用于原发性肝癌(PLC)患者首次放疗靶区勾画的价值。方法 2019年5月～2021年5月我院收治的56例PLC患者,在放射治疗前,分别行MRI和4DCT检查,将获得的图像上传至工作站,在自动配准结束后以Reg Reveal和Reg Refine行配准和图像质量评估,锁定局部感兴趣区。比较配准前后4DCT不同时相图像中的肿瘤靶区体积、大体内靶区体积,观察T2加权像(MR-T2)图像与4DCT图像配准精度。结果 在4DCT配准后,CT₀₀、CT₁₀、CT₂₀、CT₃₀、CT₄₀、CT₅₀、CT₆₀、CT₇₀、CT₈₀和CT₉₀肿瘤靶区体积分别为(389.8±52.5)cm³、(393.4±59.7)cm³、(390.7±50.3)cm³、(...     

光动力治疗在食管肿瘤中的疗效及安全性分析

目的 观察光动力治疗在食管早癌及食管贲门恶性肿瘤中的疗效及安全性。方法 4例不符合ESD、手术、放疗指征、或不愿进行上述治疗的食管早癌及进展期食管贲门恶性肿瘤患者行内镜下光动力治疗,于治疗前及治疗后第2天,1周,1月,3月行内镜及并发症评估。结果 4例患者平均随访时间为3月, 2例进展期肿瘤患者肿瘤体积接近50%至少1个月,1例早癌患者在随访中病理检查保持阴性。所有患者术后无食管穿孔、出血、急性心包炎、肝肾功能损害发生。光敏反应和术后狭窄为主要并发症。结论 光动力治疗在食管早癌及食管贲门恶性肿瘤中疗效明确,不良反应少,可作为不适宜行ESD、手术或放疗人群的替代选择。     

Photodynamic therapy of superficial esophageal cancer with a transparent hood

BACKGROUND: To improve the effectiveness of photodynamic therapy, the further development of endoscopic devices is essential. For photodynamic therapy of superficial esophageal cancer, a transparent hood was used to obtain precise laser irradiation. METHODS: The transparent hood was attached to the tip of an upper endoscope. Forty-eight hours after the injection of porfimer sodium, cancerous lesions were irradiated with an excimer-dye laser (4 mJ, 80 Hz). Twenty-four hours later, additional irradiation was applied to lesions when the response to the initial irradiation appeared insufficient. Fifteen neoplastic lesions in 7 patients were treated. RESULTS: The initial size of the lesions ranged from 5 to 30 mm in diameter. Histopathologically, there were 9 squamous-cell carcinomas and 6 high-grade squamous dysplastic lesions. All treated lesions disappeared after the first or the second laser irradiation (total energy range 39.1-193.5 J/cm(2)). During follow-up (range 4-51 months), there was no recurrence of the initial lesion in any patient. There was no severe photodynamic therapy related complication. CONCLUSIONS: Photodynamic therapy with a transparent hood is an acceptable option for the treatment of superficial esophageal cancer.     

Photodynamic therapy with m-tetrahydroxyphenyl chlorin for high-grade dysplasia and early cancer in Barrett's columnar lined esophagus

BACKGROUND: Many patients with high-grade dysplasia and localized adenocarcinoma in Barrett's esophagus have localized disease but are either unfit for major surgery or decline esophagectomy. Photodynamic therapy with the powerful photosensitizer m-tetrahydroxyphenyl chlorin may be a nonsurgical therapeutic option. METHODS: This is a pilot study to evaluate the efficacy and complications of m-tetrahydroxyphenyl chlorin photodynamic therapy. The design is a case series of 19 consecutive patients at a tertiary referral unit with a special interest in photodynamic therapy. The study included 7 patients with high-grade dysplasia and 12 with early esophageal cancer, who had refused or were unfit for esophagectomy. Three days after photosensitization with 0.15 mg/kg m-tetrahydroxyphenyl chlorin, red or green light was delivered endoscopically when using either a bare fiber or a diffuser device. Results were assessed by endoscopic surveillance. RESULTS: By using red light via the diffuser, 4/6 patients with cancer and 3/4 with high-grade dysplasia were successfully treated with photodynamic therapy alone. When using the bare-tipped fiber, there was one procedure-related death and only 1/5 patients with cancers were successfully treated. Two others were downgraded to high-grade dysplasia. With green light delivered via a diffuser, 0/3 patients with high-grade dysplasia are in long-term remission. Two serious complications arose (including one death) from taking multiple biopsy specimens too soon after therapy. Two esophageal strictures occurred. CONCLUSIONS: Photodynamic therapy with m-tetrahydroxyphenyl chlorin is, potentially, a valuable therapeutic option for localized esophageal neoplasia. Red light via a diffuser device appears to be the most effective light-delivery technique. Biopsy specimens should not be taken for at least 2 months after treatment.     

Photodynamic therapy for mucosal esophageal adenocarcinoma and dysplastic Barrett's esophagus

Photodynamic therapy is a novel endoscopic technique that combines a photosensitizer and laser light to destroy target cells. Photodynamic therapy has been used in Europe, North Africa and Japan to treat esophageal neoplasms and dysplastic Barrett's esophagus. This paper summarizes the available published experience of photodynamic therapy for the treatment of each esophageal cancer and Barrett's esophagus. These studies suggest that photodynamic therapy is a promising modality for esophageal mucosal disease. More long-term studies, however, are needed to document the efficacy of photodynamic therapy in reducing the morbidity and mortality from esophageal cancer for patients with high-grade dysplasia and early adenocarcinoma in Barrett's esophagus.     

Modern aspects of photodynamic therapy of esophageal

This review presents the current possibilities of photodynamic therapy in the treatment of precancerous lesions and cancer of the esophagus. Mechanisms of photodynamic effects on tumor and especially the accumulation of photosensitizer in tumor tissue, results of studies on the use of photodynamic therapy in the treatment of early esophageal cancer, esophageal cancer stenosis and combinations with other treatment techniques. Results of treatment of Barrett's esophagus using photodynamic therapy were analyzed and a compared with other methods of treatment.