740例结直肠息肉内镜、病理表现和临床特征分析

背景:近年随着生活方式和环境的改变,结直肠癌的发病率逐年上升。结直肠息肉是结直肠癌重要的癌前病变,内镜下早发现、早诊断对防治结直肠癌具有重要意义。目的:探讨结直肠息肉内镜、病理表现和临床特征。方法:纳入2014年1月—2016年6月深圳市第三人民医院的结直肠息肉患者,并对患者的一般资料、内镜下表现、病理类型和癌变情况进行回顾性分析。结果:共检出740例结直肠息肉患者,男女之比为1.75∶1,年龄40岁者559例(75.5%)。70.4%的息肉位于左半结肠,病理类型以炎性息肉(29.0%)、增生性息肉(29.6%)和管状腺瘤(30.3%)为主。38例息肉患者发生癌变,癌变率为5.1%,癌变息肉的类型为管状腺瘤、管状绒毛状腺瘤和绒毛状腺瘤;多数(87.2%)癌变息肉直径1.5 cm,多数(76.9%)癌变息肉位于左半结肠。结论:性别、年龄、病理类型、直径可能对息肉癌变有影响,应高度重视年龄40岁、男性、息肉直径1.5 cm以及病理类型为管状绒毛状腺瘤和绒毛状腺瘤的息肉患者并进行随访。     

内镜下高频电切术治疗平坦型结直肠息肉（附21例报告）

目的观察内镜下高频电切术治疗平坦型结直肠息肉的疗效。方法21例平坦型结直肠息肉,在内镜下行高频电切术,术后9—21个月内镜复查。结果21例中一次手术完全切除者15例,二次切除3例,三次切除1例。2例活检为直肠黏膜癌、且切缘残留癌细胞而中转开腹手术。病理示直肠绒毛状腺瘤9例,其中中度非典型增生5例,癌变3例;直肠管状—绒毛状腺瘤3例,其中轻度非典型增生2例,中重度非典型增生1例。乙状结肠绒毛状腺瘤4例,其中中度非典型增生3例;乙状结肠管状—绒毛状腺瘤合并中度非典型增生3例。降结肠管状腺瘤1例。横结肠管状—绒毛状腺瘤合并轻中度非典型增生1例。结论内镜下高频电切术治疗平坦型结直肠息肉安全、有效。     

老年人结直肠腺瘤性息肉178例临床特点分析

背景:结直肠腺瘤性息肉与结直肠癌关系密切,是重要的癌前病变。目的:分析老年人结直肠腺瘤性息肉的临床特点。方法:选取2011年1月-2014年7月南京医科大学第一附属医院经结肠镜和病理检查证实为结直肠腺瘤性息肉的老年患者178例,对患者的性别、年龄、腺瘤部位、腺瘤大小、病理类型、异型增生、癌变等因素进行回顾性分析。结果:不同性别、年龄、大小的腺瘤分布差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。随着腺瘤直径的增大,管状腺瘤的检出率下降,绒毛-管状腺瘤的检出率增高(P0.01),腺上皮中重度异型增生的发生率增加,腺瘤的癌变率增加(P0.01),且绒毛-管状腺瘤的腺上皮异型增生程度和癌变率明显高于管状腺瘤(P0.01)。结论:随着腺瘤直径的增加,老年腺瘤性息肉患者绒毛-管状腺瘤的发生率、异型增生程度以及腺瘤癌变率均明显增加,早期发现并治疗腺瘤性息肉可有效减少老年结直肠癌的发生。     

血脂及身体质量指数与结直肠息肉病理类型的相关性研究

目的探讨血脂及身体质量指数(body mass index,BMI)与结直肠息肉病理类型的相关性。方法收集2010年1月–2015年8月在首都医科大学附属北京同仁医院消化内科住院行结直肠息肉切除的246例患者,回顾性分析不同病理类型结直肠息肉与血脂及BMI的关系。结果绒毛状管状腺瘤及绒毛状腺瘤组高脂血症发生率为64.7%,高于管状腺瘤组(36.2%)、炎性息肉及增生性息肉组(45.9%)。绒毛状管状腺瘤及绒毛状腺瘤组血清甘油三脂(TG)水平(2.24±2.50)mmol/L高于管状腺瘤组[(1.29±0.96)mmol,P0.05]、炎性息肉及增生性息肉组[(1.40±0.72)mmol/L,P0.05],三组间血清总胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)水平、BMI差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。有异型增生组血清TG水平(1.79±2.26)mmol/L高于非异型增生组[(1.38±0.86)mmol/L,P0.05],BMI略高于无异型增生组[(24.45±4.34 vs 24.07±3.52)kg/m~2,P0.05],两组血清TC、HDL及LDL水平差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论高TG血症可能与病理类型较差的结直肠息肉(如带绒毛结构的腺瘤或有异型增生的腺瘤)有关。     

结直肠腺瘤性息肉患者血尿酸、炎症因子与胰岛素抵抗的相关性研究

[目的]探讨结直肠腺瘤性息肉患者血尿酸、炎症因子水平与胰岛素抵抗之间的相关性。[方法]选取175例结直肠腺瘤性息肉患者(腺瘤组)及100例健康者(对照组),收集一般临床资料,检测2组患者血尿酸、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)及胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)水平。[结果]腺瘤组血尿酸、TNF-α、IL-6及HOMA-IR水平高于对照组(P<0.05);根据腺瘤病理性质将腺瘤组进一步分为管状腺瘤、绒毛状腺瘤及管状绒毛状腺瘤3个亚组进行比较,各亚组血尿酸、hs-CRP、TNF-α、IL-6及HOMA-IR水平比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。相关分析显示HOMA-IR与血尿酸、TNF-α、IL-6呈正相关(P<0.05)。[结论]结直肠腺瘤性息肉患者胰岛素抵抗与血尿酸及炎症因子升高相关。     

结肠息肉临床病理特点分析313例

目的:探讨结肠息肉临床及病理组织学特征为临床诊疗工作提供参考.方法:回顾性分析南京市第一医院2011-09/2014-09共313例结肠息肉病例,所有患者于门诊就诊行电子肠镜检查,考虑为息肉者经患者知情同意后住院行结肠息肉内镜下治疗,镜下及病理组织学均证实为结肠息肉.结果:结肠息肉患者中腺瘤发生率为72.8%腺瘤与非腺瘤病例临床表现无统计学差异,结肠息肉中腺瘤的发生与性别、山田分型、生长部位及息肉数目无关,各年龄层、息肉直径之间腺瘤的发生率有统计学差异(P0.05);腺瘤上皮内瘤变程度与性别、年龄、生长部位、息肉数目无关,而山田分型、各息肉直径之间腺瘤上皮内瘤变程度有统计学差异(P0.05).结论:结肠息肉的临床表现无特异性,以左半结肠多见,腺瘤发生率男女之间无统计学差异,以40岁以上中老年人多见,直径1 cm息肉腺瘤发生率更高,山田分型、生长部位及息肉数目不影响腺瘤发生率;腺瘤性息肉上皮内瘤变程度与山田分型及息肉直径相关,山田Ⅲ、Ⅳ型息肉、直径1 cm息肉高级别上皮内瘤变发生增高.     

散发性结直肠息肉的处理方法与准则

结肠息肉是突出于肠粘膜表面的局限性组织团块。 1 分类 结直肠息肉分为遗传性或散发性。遗传性结直肠新生物综合征有家族性遗传性息肉病(FAP)和遗传性非息肉病性结肠癌(HNPCC)。 结肠镜去除的启、肉中70％为腺瘤。这个数值变化取决于息肉的位置与大小及所研究病人的年龄组。世界卫生组织(WHO)将腺瘤分成①管状:主要是管状组织,绒毛状成分(通常有蒂)少于25％;②管状-绒毛状:绒毛状成分在25％     

COX-2在炎性息肉与腺瘤性息肉中的表达及意义

[目的]分析环氧合酶-2(COX-2)在炎性结肠息肉与腺瘤性结肠息肉中的表达情况,探讨COX-2和结肠息肉的关系。[方法]搜集我院直径大小为5～8mm息肉标本80例,经苏木精-伊红染色后病理表现为炎性息肉、管状腺瘤、管状绒毛状腺瘤和绒毛状腺瘤,每组20例,经免疫组化测定COX-2的表达情况,分析不同种类息肉中COX-2表达的差异性。[结果]炎性息肉中无1例发生瘤变,管状腺瘤、管状绒毛状腺瘤和绒毛状腺瘤中都不同程度的发生了瘤变;COX-2在不同种类的息肉中表达与对照组比较差异有统计学意义。[结论]不同种类的结肠息肉中COX-2的表达有显著性差异,抑制COX-2的高表达为结肠息肉的预防提供了有效方法。     

结直肠息肉的临床特征研究

目的 探讨不同类型结直肠息肉分布的临床特征.方法 收集444例结直肠息肉患者的临床资料,分析结直肠息肉与不同性别、年龄、检出部位、病理及直径大小之间的相关性.结果 结直肠息肉患者中男性构成比明显高于女性(男∶女=2.02∶1).检出部位在左半结肠患者比例明显高于右半结肠(64.6％比25.7％).不同病理类型中,腺瘤性...     

乙状结肠镜检查发现非晚期腺瘤是否需要作结肠镜检查

对腺瘤性息肉的自然病史研究表明,晚期息肉患者(如病理学检查为管状绒毛状或绒毛状腺瘤、大息肉(≥1cm)或伴高度不典型增生的息肉)死于结直肠癌的危险性增加。与之相比,在乙状结肠镜检查中已切除的单个或多发性小的(≤1cm)非晚期管状腺瘤或小息肉已被电灼的病人,因结直肠癌而死亡的危险性并不增加。而在结直肠癌的普查中,乙状结肠镜检     

大肠息肉与大肠癌的演变关系（附494例分析）

本组息肉患者４９４例，癌变者１０１例，随着息肉的增大，其癌变率也增加。恶变息肉主要分布在直肠（５７．４％），次为乙状结肠（１９．８％）。管状腺瘤瘤体较小，恶变率较低，绒毛型腺瘤瘤体较大，恶变率较高，且呈重度不典型增生多见。单发息肉癌变率１３．１％，２－５个息肉者癌变率２４．４％，６个以上者癌变率３８．０％，腺瘤病１２例全部癌变。息肉癌变时间１至１５年。癌变术后标本病理均见癌旁组织残存良性管状腺瘤或绒毛型腺瘤成份，从组织学上证明了息肉癌变过程。     

Accuracy of pathologic interpretation of colorectal polyps by general pathologists in community practice.

BACKGROUND: The histologic features of colorectal polyps often guide colonoscopic surveillance and the need for surgical intervention. Our objective was to evaluate the pathologic interpretation of colorectal polyps by general pathologists in community practice. METHODS: Twenty histologic slides of colorectal polyps were reviewed by 20 randomly selected general pathologists in community practice. There were 5 malignant polyps, 9 adenomas, and 6 miscellaneous polyps. RESULTS: Cancer was correctly identified in 91% of readings and adenoma in 94%. The grade of differentiation of cancer was provided in 55% of readings, and comment regarding whether the resection margin was free of cancer was made by 50% of pathologists. Tubular adenoma was called tubulovillous or villous in 35% of readings, but tubulovillous or villous adenoma was seldom (2%) called tubular. High-grade dysplasia was correctly identified in 47% of 60 readings, was called invasive cancer in 22%, and was missed in 31%. Among miscellaneous polyps, hyperplastic polyp was correctly recognized in 75% of cases, and inflammatory polyp and juvenile polyp each were recognized by 16 of 20 pathologists (80%). Peutz-Jeghers hamartoma was identified by 4 of 20 pathologists (20%), and the polypoid phase of solitary rectal ulcer syndrome was recognized by 2 pathologists (10%). CONCLUSION: Areas of strength with regard to interpretation of colon polyps by general pathologists in community practice included identification of cancer, adenoma, and certain non-neoplastic polyps (e.g., inflammatory and juvenile polyps). Areas of weakness included lack of comment on cancer differentiation and proximity to the resection line, erroneous identification of high-grade dysplasia, and identification of rare lesions. The results of this study suggest areas on which to focus continuing education and continuous quality improvement efforts with regard to polyp interpretation.     

结直肠锯齿状腺瘤内镜表现和病理学特征分析

目的探讨锯齿状腺瘤（SA）内镜下表现和病理学特征。方法回顾分析滨州医学院附属医院2000年1月～2008年5月检出的大肠息肉病例,了解SA的检出率、内镜形态和病理学特征。结果8726例肠镜检查共检出大肠息肉1062例（1457枚）,检出率为12．17％,其中SA32例（60枚）,检出率为0．37％,占息肉构成比为3．01％。SA直径〉1cm者占21．63％,明显大于增生性息肉（8．57％）;SA表现为有蒂息肉所占的比例（8．33％）略高于增生性息肉（5．71％）,但都低于腺瘤性息肉（40．84％）。SA癌变率介于管状腺瘤和绒毛状腺瘤之间,接近于管状绒毛状腺瘤。结论SA内镜形态、病理学特点提示SA是兼有增生性息肉形态学特征和腺瘤性息肉组织学特点的息肉,具有恶变潜能.     

Efficacy, risk factors and complications of endoscopic polypectomy： Ten year experience at a single center

AIM： To examine the efficacy and complications of colonoscopic resection of colorectal polypoid lesions. METHODS： We retrospectively reviewed 1354 polypectomies performed on 1038 patients over a ten- year period. One hundred and sixty of these were performed for large polyps, those measuring ≥ 20 mm. Size, shape, location, histology, the technique of polypectomy used, complications, drugs assumption and associated intestinal or extra intestinal diseases were analyzed. For statistical analysis, the Pearson χ2 test, NPC test and a Binary Logistic Regression were used. RESULTS： The mean patient age was 65.9 ± 12.4 years, with 671 men and 367 women. The mean size of polyps removed was 9.45 ± 9.56 mm while the size of large polyps was 31.5 ± 10.8 mm. There were 388 pedunculated and 966 sessile polyps and the most common location was the sigmoid colon （41.3%）. The most frequent histology was tubular adenoma （55.9%） while for the large polyps was villous （92/160 -57.5%）. Coexistent malignancy was observed in 28 polyps （2.1%） and of these, 20 were large polyps. There were 17 procedural bleeding （1.3%） and one perforation. The statistical analysis showed that cancer is correlated to polyp size （P 〈 0.0001）; sessile shape （P 〈 0.0001） and bleeding are correlated to cardiac disease （P = 0.034）, tubular adenoma （P = 0.016） and polyp size.CONCLUSION： The endoscopic resection is a simple and safe procedure for removing colon rectal neoplastic lesions and should be considered the treatment of choice for large colorectal polyps. The polyp size is an important risk factor for malignancy and for bleeding.     

Diagnostic value of high-resolution micro-endoscopy for the classification of colon polyps

AIM: To study a new imaging equipment, highresolution micro-endoscopy(HRME), in the diagnosis and pathological classification of colon polyps.METHODS: We selected 114 specimens of colon polyps, 30 of which were colon polyps with known pathological types and 84 that were prospective polyp specimens; 10 normal colon mucosa specimens served as controls. We obtained images of 30 colon polyp specimens with known pathological types using HRME and analyzed the characteristics of these images to develop HRME diagnostic criteria for different pathological types of colon polyps. Based on these criteria, we performed a prospective study of 84 colon polyp specimens using HRME and compared the results with those of the pathological examination to evaluate the diagnostic value of HRME in the pathological classification of different types of colon polyps. RESULTS: In the 30 cases of known pathological type of colon polyp samples, there were 21 cases of adenomatous polyps, which comprised nine cases of tubular adenoma, seven cases of villous adenoma and five cases of mixed adenomas. The nine cases of non-adenomatous polyps included four cases of inflammatory polyps and five cases of hyperplastic polyps five. Ten cases of normal colonic mucosa were confirmed pathologically. In a prospective study of 84 cases using HRME, 23 cases were diagnosed as inflammatory polyps, 11 cases as hyperplastic polyps, 18 cases as tubular adenoma, eight cases as villous adenoma and 24 cases as mixed adenomas. After pathological examination, 24 cases were diagnosed as inflammatory polyps, 11 cases as hyperplastic polyps, 19 cases as tubular adenoma, eight cases as villous adenoma and 22 cases as mixed adenomas. Compared with the pathological examinations, the sensitivities, specificities, accuracies, and positive and negative predictive values of HRME in diagnosing inflammatory polyps(87.5%, 96.7%, 94.0%, 91.3% and 95.1%), hyperplastic polyps(72.7%, 95.9%, 92.9%, 72.7% and 95.9%), tubular adenomas(73.7%, 93.8%, 89.3%, 77.8% and 92.4%), villous adenomas(75.0%, 97.4%, 95.2%, 75.0% and 97.4%), and mixed adenomas(75.0%, 93.3%, 88.1%, 81.8% and 90.3%) were relatively high.CONCLUSION: HRME has a relatively high diagnostic value in the pathological classification of colon polyps. Thus, it may be an alternative to confocal microendoscopy in lower-resource or community-based settings.     

老年人与中青年人大肠息肉临床特点对比研究

目的探索老年人大肠息肉的临床特征。方法收集在上海中医药大学附属曙光医院2006年1月-2019年12月行电子结肠镜检查并且病理证实为大肠息肉的患者1000例,进行回顾性研究,按年龄分为老年组576例,中青年组424例。统计分析老年大肠息肉患者的临床症状、息肉大小、形态、部位、数目、息肉病理分型及其与息肉癌变的相关性,同时与中青年组比较。结果老年组最常见的临床表现为便血或粪隐血阳性(48.1%)及腹胀(45.8%),中青年组主要表现为腹胀(26.7%)和便秘(25.7%);2组患者均以无蒂、多发息肉多见,左半结肠是息肉好发部位;2组均以<2 cm的息肉多见;老年组≥2 cm的息肉多于中青年组(6.2%vs 3.6%,P=0.008);2组病理分型均以管状腺瘤为主,老年组管状绒毛状腺瘤比例高于中青年组(12.6%vs 7.6%,P=0.000);癌变率男女性间无差异;老年组息肉癌变率高于中青年组(9.7%vs 4.7%,P=0.004),左半结肠息肉、无蒂息肉、绒毛状腺瘤、>2 cm息肉癌变率高;老年组<2 cm息肉癌变率高于中青组(2.4%vs 1.0%,P=0.014)。结论腹胀、便血或粪隐血阳性是老年大肠息肉患者常见临床表现,老年患者大肠息肉癌变率高于中青年患者,大肠息肉的癌变率与年龄、息肉大小、部位、病理分型密切相关。     

结肠镜诊疗大肠息肉1537例体会

大肠息肉是常见的肠粘膜病变,其大多数是被视为癌前病变的腺瘤。通过结肠镜检出大肠息肉并加以除,打断腺瘤一腺癌的进程,是防治大肠癌的重要措施。1992年1月至1999年12月8年间,我院7246例结肠镜检查检出大肠息肉1537例(2378枚),检出率21．2％。本对这些患的临床资料进行回顾性分析,希望能力大肠息肉的诊疗及大肠癌的防治工作提供一些有用的资料。     

Total colonic polyp diameter: a marker for the risk of malignancy?

BACKGROUND/AIMS: The correlation of the risk of malignancy with the sum of the diameters of small colonic polyps is unknown, and data regarding this topic are lacking. In this study, the relationship between the sum of the diameters of the total number of colonic polyps and poor histopathologic characteristics was examined. METHODS: A total of 920 neoplastic colon polyps were evaluated in 480 patients. The "total polyp diameter" (i.e. the sum of all polyp diameters identified during colonoscopy), which was calculated in each patient by adding the diameter of each polyp to a sum, was categorized as "small" (<10mm in diameter) or "large" (> or =10mm in diameter). The polyps were further categorized by histopathologic component as "unfavorable" or "favorable" and were divided into 2 groups: group 1 (those identified as carci noma, carcinoma in situ, villous adenoma, and tubulovillous adenoma with a villous component of more than 25%) and group 2 (mixed adenomatous polyps with various degrees of hyperplastic or inflammatory components and adenomas with a tubular component of more than 75%). RESULTS: Large polyps that had a total diameter greater than or equal to 10mm tended to have poor histopathologic characteristics (p<0.05). Polyps generally tended to localize in the left portion of the colon, and malignant polyps or those at risk for malignancy in particular tended to localize in the left colon (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Polypectomy is recommended for patients in whom the sum of the diameter of all colonic polyps exceeds 10mm.     

腺瘤性息肉的癌变及治疗

为探讨已癌变的结肠腺瘤性息肉的最佳治疗选择，回顾性总结了内镜诊断和治疗的３１４例腺瘤性息肉中３７例癌变息肉的结果。３７例中为管状腺瘤癌变者２５例（占８．９％），绒毛状腺瘤癌变者１１例（占３６．３％），混合性腺瘤癌变１例。１８例仅行内镜下电切，电切后又追加手术８例，手术切除１１例。分期为原位癌１２例，早期浸润癌１３例，浸润癌１２例。１９例手术及术后病理证实的淋巴结转移者３例（１５．７％），包括１例绒毛状腺瘤恶变的早期浸润癌和２例浸润癌。认为除原位癌外，对电切后病理证实的早期浸润癌或浸润性癌，只要无手术禁忌，应追加外科手术治疗为妥。     

Duodenal Adenoma Removed by Endoscopic Polypectomy

Abstract: We report two duodenal adenoma cases treated by endoscopic polypectomy. Case 1, a 59-year-old male, visited our hospital for further examination of a duodenal polyp found elsewhere. X-ray examination revealed a semi-pedunculated polyp with an irregular surface in the second portion of the posterior wall of the duodenum. Case 2, a 68-year-old male, was admitted to our hospital for endoscopic polypectomy of a duodenal polyp. Upper GI series demonstrated a semi-pedunculated round polyp with a shallow central depression. Endoscopic polypectomy was performed for both lesions and the polyps were successfully removed. The resected polyps were 11 × 10 mm and 13 × 12 mm in size, respectively. The polyps were histologically diagnosed as tubulovillous and tubular adenomas, respectively, with no evidence of malignancy. Endoscopic polypectomy provides histological confirmation of adenoma of the gastrointestinal tract, and it is frequently applicable to the duodenum.