血清25-羟维生素D3对维持性血液透析患者肌少症预测价值

目的探讨血清25-羟维生素D_3[25-(OH)D_3]对维持性血液透析(MHD)患者肌少症预测价值。方法选取2019年1—6月收治的行MHD 186例,按照是否诊断肌少症将其分为肌少症组(64例)和非肌少症组(122例)两组,按照血清25-(OH)D_3水平将其分为维生素D_3(VD_3)缺乏组(126例)、VD_3不足组(48例)和VD_3充足组(12例)3组。比较肌少症组和非肌少症组一般资料、肌少症评价指标、实验室资料及不同血清25-(OH)D_3水平MHD 3组肌少症发病情况、评价指标,分析MHD患者血清25-(OH)D_3与其他指标相关性,探讨血清25-(OH)D_3对MHD患者肌少症预测价值。结果肌少症组年龄大于非肌少症组,骨骼肌质量指数(SMI)、握力、4 m步速、肱三头肌皮褶厚度、上臂围、血红蛋白、白蛋白及血清尿素、肌酐、25-(OH)D_3低于非肌少症组(P0.05或P0.01)。与VD_3充足组比较,VD_3缺乏组肌少症发病率升高,肌少症评价指标降低,VD_3不足组握力和4 m步速降低;与VD_3不足组比较,VD_3缺乏组肌少症评价指标降低(P0.05)。MHD患者血清25-(OH)D_3与SMI、4 m步速和肱三头肌皮褶厚度呈正相关,与握力呈负相关(P0.01)。血清25-(OH)D_3预测MHD患者肌少症的曲线下面积为0.827,最佳截断值为23.15 ng/ml。结论血清25-(OH)D_3在是否诊断肌少症MHD患者中存在差异,并与肌少症评价指标有相关性,对MHD患者肌少症有较好预测价值。     

维持性血液透析患者血浆维生素c水平研究进展

维生素C缺乏是维持性血液透析(maintenance hemodialysis,MHD)患者常见并发症之一.这些患者由于饮食限制、体内氧化应激增强、透析过程中丢失以及其他各种原因,血浆维生素C水平普遍偏低,影响患者生活质量甚至长期预后.现就其血浆维生素C水平的变化及其作用做一简要综述.     

相角与维持性血液透析患者肌少症的关系及其预测价值分析CSCD

目的分析生物电阻抗法测量的相角与维持性血液透析(maintenance hemodialysis,MHD)患者肌少症的关系,并探索相角在肌少症中的作用。方法选取在浙江中医药大学附属杭州市中医院规律透析且病情稳定的MHD患者346例,收集相关资料,采用多元线性回归分析筛选MHD患者相角的影响因素,并进一步采用受试者工作特征曲线图和曲线下面积评价相角对肌少症的预测价值。结果多元线性回归分析显示相角与年龄、白蛋白、瘦体质量、骨骼肌质量指数、握力、步速呈线性关系(B=-0.192、0.180、0.889、0.978、0.212、0.210,均P<0.001)。相角检测肌少症的最佳临界值是4.67°,曲线下面积为0.823,敏感性和特异性分别为86.7%和67.4%(P<0.001)。结论本研究发现相角与MHD患者的肌少症组分密切相关,是肌少症的重要预测因素,相角作为简便的临床指标可为MHD人群肌少症的早期诊断提供客观参考依据。     

维持性血液透析患者肌少症发生情况及其影响因素分析

目的探讨维持性血液透析(MHD)患者肌少症发生情况及其影响因素。方法选取55例MHD患者作为研究对象,应用生物电阻抗法测量患者四肢骨骼肌量,依据公式计算相对骨骼肌质量指数(RSMI),采用电子握力计测量肌力,并收集患者的一般资料和实验室检查指标结果。评估MHD患者肌少症患病情况,并分析相关影响因素。结果本组MHD患者的肌少症患病率为40.00%;肌少症组和无肌少症组患者在年龄、体质量指数(BMI)及体蛋白质含量方面比较,差异有统计学意义(P 0.05或P 0.01)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,年龄(OR=0.907,95%CI为0.832～0.988,P=0.026)、BMI(OR=1.674,95%CI为1.166～2.404,P=0.005)、蛋白质含量(OR=2.716,95%CI为1.394～5.298,P=0.003)是MHD患者发生肌少症的独立影响因素。结论 MHD患者的肌少症发病率较高,年龄、BMI及体蛋白质含量是患者发生肌少症的独立影响因素,对老年患者应尽早评估肌少症发生情况,适当提高BMI及体蛋白质含量对于减少肌少症的发生有重要意义。     

维持性血液透析患者无望感与肌少症的相关性研究CSCD

目的探讨维持性血液透析(maintenance hemodialysis,MHD)患者无望感与肌少症之间的关系,以期为肌少症的早期预防及干预提供参考。方法采用便利抽样法,对青岛市市立医院血液净化中心收治的308例MHD患者使用一般资料调查表、改良定量主观整体评估(modified quantitative subjective global assessment,MQSGA)问卷、Beck无望感量表(Beck hopelessness scale,BHS)进行调查,并通过体格检测评估肌少症状况。采用多因素Logistic回归分析无望感对肌少症的影响。结果在308例被调查对象中,78例(25.3%)患有肌少症;BHS得分为4.0(1.0,8.0)分,155例(50.3%)BHS>3分,即存在无望感。未纳入混杂因素前BHS>3分是MHD患者肌少症的危险因素(OR=3.656,95%CI:2.079~6.429,P<0.001);在此基础上,自变量增加性别、年龄、透析龄、是否合并糖尿病、MQSGA得分后,BHS>3分仍是MHD患者肌少症的危险因素(调整OR=2.372,95%CI:1.227~4.588,P<0.001)。结论存在无望感是MHD患者发生肌少症的独立危险因素,医护人员应重视BHS>3分的MHD患者肌少症的预防。     

血清25羟维生素D与维持性血液透析患者炎症指标的关系

目的 探讨血清25羟维生素D[25(OH)D]水平与维持性血液透析(maintenance hemodialysis,MHD)患者新型炎症指标的关系。方法 选取2022年6月—12月在宁波大学附属第一医院血液净化中心MHD的患者,收集患者的一般资料和实验室检查结果。计算中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值(neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio,NLR)、血小板与淋巴细胞比值(platelet to lymphocyte ratio,PLR)、单核细胞与淋巴细胞比值(monocyte to lymphocyte ratio,MLR)、单核细胞与高密度脂蛋白胆固醇比值(monocyte to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio,MHR)及C反应蛋白与白蛋白比值(C-reactive protein to albumin ratio,CAR)。根据血清25(OH)D水平将患者分为25(OH)D正常组、不足组和缺乏组,比较3组间各指标的差异,并分析25(OH)D与NLR、PLR、MLR、MHR和CAR的相关性。结果 共纳入153例患...     

维持性血液透析患者血清25羟基维生素D水平与贫血的相关性研究

目的探讨维持性血液透析患者人群中血清25羟基维生素D水平与贫血的相关性。方法2009年1月~2012年12月在长海医院肾内科血液透析中心实行长期维持性血液透析治疗的患者116例,测定血清25羟基维生素D、血红蛋白(Hb)、C反应蛋白(CRP)水平,根据25羟基维生素D水平分为重度缺乏组(5ng/ml,32例)、轻度缺乏组(5~15ng/ml,52例)及非缺乏组(16~30ng/ml,32例)。观察不同水平25羟基维生素D 3组间的Hb、CRP的水平及与其相关性。结果入组患者Hb与25羟基维生素D水平呈正相关(r=0.367,P0.01),CRP与25羟基维生素D水平呈负相关(r=-3.123,P0.01),以血25羟基维生素D为因变量,以Hb、Hct、CRP为自变量,进行多元线性回归分析显示,影响25羟基维生素D的主要因素有Hb、Hct,具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 25羟基维生素D水平与维持性血液透析患者贫血程度相关。     

维生素D在血液透析患者体力活动和生活质量之间的中介作用研究

目的 探讨维生素D在维持性血液透析患者体力活动和生活质量之间的中介作用. 方法 采用国际体力活动问卷长版与简明健康状况量表,对92例维持性血液透析患者进行体力活动与生活质量的调查,同时检测患者25 (OH)D3水平.结果 体力活动(对数)对生理健康总评的直接效应显著[c'=7.785 (5.804,9.766),P＜0...     

维持性血液透析合并肌少症患者运动干预方案的构建及应用

目的 构建维持性血液透析合并肌少症患者透析中运动干预方案并评价其应用效果.方法 基于证据总结和德尔菲专家函询法,构建维持性血液透析合并肌少症患者透析中运动干预方案.将2021年3月—7月在连云港市某三级甲等医院行维持性血液透析合并肌少症的51例患者随机分为试验组25例和对照组26例,试验组在常规护理的基础上实施透析中运...     

肌肉减少症与维生素D关系的研究进展

随着全球人口老龄化程度的日益加重,肌肉减少症将是未来社会面临的主要健康问题之一,严重影响患者的生活质量和生存。维生素D水平可通过复杂的调控机制对肌细胞及骨骼肌功能产生影响,应重视肌肉减少症老年人群的维生素D营养状况,及时适量补充,对改善肌肉质量和力量、改善活动障碍、降低跌倒风险、提高生活质量至关重要。     

Strength of the lower limb and trunk muscles is associated with gait speed in individuals with sub-acute stroke: a cross-sectional study

Objectives

To investigate the association between measures of strength of the lower limb and trunk muscles and gait speed and to identify the muscle group that would best predict gait speed in individuals with sub-acute stroke.

Effects of hip extensor fatigue on lower extremity kinematics during a jump-landing task in women: A controlled laboratory study

Background

Lower extremity kinematics may change as a result of impaired hip muscle function, thereby placing athletes at increased risk of injury. The purpose of this study was to examine whether experimentally-induced hip extensor fatigue alters lower extremity kinematics during a jump-landing task in women.

Methods

Forty healthy women were randomly assigned to an experimental group in which participants performed modified Biering-Sørenson tests to fatigue the hip extensors or to a sham control group in which participants performed repeated push-ups to exhaustion. Three-dimensional hip and knee kinematics and gluteus maximus electromyography (EMG) signals were measured during jump-landing tests to examine the effects of hip extensor fatigue.

Findings

Hip extension strength decreased in the experimental group by 25% following the intervention, thereby confirming effects of the fatigue intervention. No group × time interactions in hip and knee motions were statistically significant, indicating that hip and knee kinematics did not change following the fatigue-inducing intervention. Gluteus maximus recruitment during the post-fatigue test, however, increased by 55% in the experimental group.

Interpretation

A 25% reduction in hip extensor strength did not lead to changes in hip or knee kinematics. Rather, participants accommodated for the loss of strength by recruiting more Gmax activation to complete the task. Gmax recruitment may compensate when hip extensor strength is impaired, suggesting that improved neuromuscular control can influence motor performance when strength is diminished.     

维持性血液透析患者下肢外周动脉病变与钙磷代谢紊乱的相关分析

目的分析维持性血液透析（MHD）下肢外周动脉病变（PAD）的患病率以及及钙磷代谢情况,进一步明确阐明钙磷代谢紊乱在下肢PAD中的作用。方法运用彩色多普勒超声对73例MHD患者和60例健康体检者的双侧颈内动脉和下肢动脉的内膜、内径、斑块、收缩期峰速、舒张末期速度、平均速度、搏动指数和阻力指数进行检查,诊断是否存在下肢PAD病变,结合临床病史和生化指标分析MHD患者PAD的真正患病率和危险因素。结果50.68%（37/73）的MHD患者表现PAD改变,患病率明显高于对照组11.67%,P〈0.001,其中单侧PAD12例（32.43%）,双侧PAD25例（67.57%）;单因素logistic分析显示,血磷、钙磷乘积、C反应蛋白、颈动脉钙化、血清脂蛋白（a）、血清白蛋白和PTH水平与MHD患者下肢PAD密切相关,而多变量logistic分析表明,血清白蛋白、PTH水平和血清脂蛋白（a）是MHD患者下肢PAD独立危险因素。结论MHD患者下肢PAD非常常见,与钙磷代谢紊乱,微炎症状态和营养不良密切相关。     

Frontal and transverse plane hip kinematics and gluteus maximus recruitment correlate with frontal plane knee kinematics during single-leg squat tests in women

Background

Hip muscle dysfunction may be associated with knee valgus that contributes to problems like patellofemoral pain syndrome. The purpose of this study was to (1) compare knee and hip kinematics and hip muscle strength and recruitment between “good” and “poor” performers on a single-leg squat test developed to assess hip muscle dysfunction and (2) examine relationships between hip muscle strength, recruitment and frontal plane knee kinematics to see which variables correlated with knee valgus during the test.

Methods

Forty-one active women classified via visual rating as “good” or “poor” performers on the test participated. Participants completed 5-repetition single-leg squat tests. Isometric hip extension and abduction strength, gluteus maximus and gluteus medius recruitment, and 3-dimensional hip and knee kinematics during the test were compared between groups and examined for their association with frontal plane knee motion.

Findings

“Poor” performers completed the test with more hip adduction (mean difference = 7.6°) and flexion (mean difference = 6.3°) than “good” performers. No differences in knee kinematics, hip strength or hip muscle recruitment occurred. However, the secondary findings indicated that increased medial hip rotation (partial r = 0.94) and adduction (partial r = 0.42) and decreased gluteus maximus recruitment (partial r = 0.35) correlated with increased knee valgus.

Interpretation

Whereas hip muscle function and knee kinematics did not differ between groups as we'd hypothesized, frontal plane knee motion correlated with transverse and frontal plane hip motions and with gluteus maximus recruitment. Gluteus maximus recruitment may modulate frontal plane knee kinematics during single-leg squats.     

维生素C预冲透析器对血液透析患者微炎症状态的影响和护理

目的研究维生素C预冲透析器对维持性血液透析患者微炎症状态的影响及护理措施。方法选择我院维持性血液透析半年以上患者60例,分为常规血液透析组和维生素C预冲组,治疗12周后观察血高敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、白介素-6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)水平变化。结果维生素C预冲组治疗后,各炎症指标较治疗前及常规血液透析组显著下降(P<0.01),而常规血液透析组治疗前后各炎症指标无明显变化(P>0.05)。结论维生素C预冲透析器能有效改善维持性血液透析患者微炎症状态。     

左卡尼汀对治疗老年维持性血液透析患者低血压和肌肉痉挛的疗效观察

目的观察静脉补充左卡尼汀对老年血液透析患者透析中低血压、肌肉痉挛的影响。方法 31例维持性血液透析患者每次透析结束后应用左卡尼汀1.0 g静脉注射,12周后观察比较患者治疗前后低血压、肌肉痉挛的发生情况。结果注射左卡尼汀可以明显降低患者透析中低血压和肌肉痉挛的发生率。结论左卡尼汀可安全有效地改善患者低血压和肌肉痉挛症状。     

维生素C透析液对继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进的影响

目的了解维生素C透析液对维持性血液透析患者继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进的影响。方法选择在郑州大学第一附属医院血液净化中心长期透析的患者82例,随机分成两组,分别使用常规透析液(A组40例)和含维生素C透析液(B组42例)进行血液透析,周期为3个月,试验开始前及3个月后分别于透析前抽血化验血清全段甲状旁腺素(intact parathyroid hormone,iPTH)、钙、磷、钙磷乘积、碱性磷酸酶(alkaline phosphatase,ALP)、维生素C水平。结果 A组试验3个月后血清iPTH、ALP轻度升高,钙、磷、钙磷乘积无明显变化,差异无统计学意义(P0.05),维生素C降低,差异有统计学意义(t=-2.35,P0.05);B组试验3个月后血清iPTH、ALP明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),钙、磷、钙磷乘积无明显变化,维生素C轻度升高,差异无统计学意义(t=0.14,P0.05)。结论常规透析使大量维生素C丢失;维生素C可以降低血清iPTH、ALP,预防继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进。     

Force-velocity characteristics of the knee extensors: an indication of the risk for physical frailty in elderly women

Van Roie E, Verschueren SM, Boonen S, Bogaerts A, Kennis E, Coudyzer W, Delecluse C. Force-velocity characteristics of the knee extensors: an indication of the risk for physical frailty in elderly women.

Objectives

To examine the relationship between muscle strength, speed of movement, muscle mass (MM), and functional performance in elderly women and to determine optimal threshold values below which physical frailty occurs.

Design

Survey.

Setting

University-based laboratory.

Participants

Institutionalized women (N=123; mean age, 79.67±5.2y).

Interventions

Not applicable.

Main Outcome Measures

Force-velocity characteristics of the knee extensors were evaluated by using isometric, isokinetic, and ballistic tests on a motor-driven dynamometer. Isometric (ISOM) strength, dynamic strength, maximal speed of movement (SoM, unloaded), and speed of movement with standardized resistance of 20% (S₂₀), 40% (S₄₀), and 60% (S₆₀) of the isometric maximum were recorded. MM of the upper leg was determined by using computed tomography. The modified Physical Performance Test (mPPT) was used to assess functional performance.

Results

Force-velocity characteristics (r varied from .31–.68) and MM (r=.41) correlated significantly with functional performance (P<.05). In a forward stepwise regression model, only SoM and ISOM strength remained independently associated with mPPT score (R²=.49), with SoM accounting for most of the variance. The threshold value that optimally differentiates between women with mild (mPPT score, 25–31) or without (mPPT score ≥32) physical frailty was 350°/s for SoM and 1.46Nm/kg for ISOM strength. Sensitivity and specificity ranged from 74% to 77% and 71% to 77%, respectively.

Conclusions

SoM is a key component in the onset of functional difficulties in elderly women. Exercise interventions specifically targeting muscle power (by including exercises at high velocities) thus might be crucial to prevent functional decline.