超敏cTnT与血栓-炎症因子的相关性及其对急性缺血性脑卒中神经功能结局的预测价值

目的 探讨急性缺血性脑卒中患者血清超敏心肌肌钙蛋白T（hs-cTnT）与血栓-炎症因子的相关性,以及发病后6 h的hs-cTnT在预测神经功能结局中的价值。方法 选择106例首发急性缺血性脑卒中患者,分别于患者发病后6 h内和72 h检测血清hs-cTnT、S100B蛋白、hs-CRP、单核细胞趋化蛋白-1（MCP-1）、血栓-炎症因子[包括组织型纤溶酶原激活物（t-PA）、可溶性CD40配体（sCD40L）和P-选择素]水平,并于入院时和发病后90 d,采用美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表（NIHSS）评分联合改良Rankin量表（mRS）评分对患者神经功能进行评估。根据患者发病后90 d的神经功能结局分为预后不良组和预后良好组,比较2组患者的各项指标,分析hs-cTnT与血栓-炎症因子的相关性,以及其对神经功能结局的预测价值。结果 纳入预后不良组62例,预后良好组44例。发病后6 h内,预后不良组血清hs-cTnT、hs-CRP、MCP-1、t-PA、sCD40L水平均高于预后良好组（P均< 0.05）。发病后72 h,预后不良组血清hs-cTnT、S100B、hs-CRP、sCD40L水平均低于预后良好组（P均< 0.05）。发病后6 h内和发病后72 h,血清hs-cTnT水平与发病后72 h的hs-CRP水平呈正相关（r = 0.585,P < 0.001;r = 0.599,P < 0.001）,与发病后6 h内t-PA水平呈正相关（r = 0.551,P = 0.001;r = 0.547,P = 0.002）,与发病后6 h内的MCP-1 水平呈正相关（r = 0.475,P = 0.014;r = 0.462,P = 0.015）。基线NIHSS 评分 ≥8分（OR = 2.656, 95% CI 1.009 ~ 6.995,P = 0.048）、发病后6 h内hs-cTnT（OR = 6.050,95% CI 2.352 ~ 15.560,P < 0.001）、 hs-CRP（OR = 7.294,95% CI 3.285 ~ 16.195,P < 0.001）、 MCP-1（OR = 1.349,95% CI 1.002 ~ 1.818,P = 0.049）、t-PA （OR = 1.007,95% CI 1.001 ~ 2.446,P = 0.004）是神经功能预后不良的危险因素。结论 急性缺血性脑卒中发病后6 h内的hs-cTnT升高是神经功能预后不良的预测因子,并且还与hs-CRP、t-PA和MCP-1的急性升高有关。     

神经元烯醇化酶和脑电双频指数评估心肺复苏患者预后

目的：探讨神经元特异度烯醇化酶和脑电双频指数对心肺复苏成功后接受亚低温治疗患者预后的评估价值。方法选择心搏骤停复苏成功自主循环恢复后的昏迷患者46例,所有患者均接受亚低温治疗,测定自主循环恢复后24、48、72 h患者血清神经元特异度烯醇化酶和脑电双频指数。3个月后进行大脑功能评分（ cerebral-performance category CPC）, CPC1-3分,为预后良好, CPC 4-5分,为预后不良。结果3个月后,预后良好（CPC1-3分）14例,预后不良（CPC4-5分）32例,预后不良组患者48、72 h血清NSE水平高于预后良好组[48 h：（90.1±42.7） ng／mL vs ．（33.2±17.5） ng／mL;72 h：（95.4±37.0） ng／mL vs．（29.2±17.0） ng／mL, P＜0.05]。预后不良组患者NSE在48h和72h均出现升高趋势,而预后良好组均出现降低趋势[△NSE 24 h-48 h：（37.3±28.7） ng／mL vs．（-10.7±12.1） ng／mL;△NSE 48 h-72h：（5.3±13.2） ng／mL vs．（-4.0±4.5） ng／mL, P＜0.05],两组变化出现显著性差异。预后不良组48、72 h BIS值低于预后良好组[48h：（39.2±24.1） vs．（78.0±12.4）;72 h：（45.7±26.4） vs．（89.0±7.3）, P＜0.05]。结论神经元特异度烯醇化酶（NSE）和脑电双频指数（ BIS ）可评估接受亚低温治疗的心搏骤停后患者的神经功能预后,为临床决策提供依据。     

体外膜肺氧合对心脏骤停患者神经功能预后的影响

目的探讨体外膜肺氧合（ECMO）对心脏骤停患者神经功能预后的影响因素。 方法纳入2012年1月至2020年6月因心脏骤停入住浙江大学医学院附属杭州市第一人民医院重症医学科且行ECMO治疗的22例患者。以脑功能分类（CPC）量表评价患者出院时神经功能情况,并将其分为CPC良好组（12例,CPC 1 ~ 2分）和CPC不佳组（10例,CPC 3 ~ 5分）。比较两组患者的一般资料、心脏骤停病因、基础疾病、疾病严重程度、心脏骤停相关情况、神经系统相关情况、ECMO相关情况及肌钙蛋白I、白蛋白等生化指标。采用二分类Logistic回归分析ECMO治疗心脏骤停患者对其神经功能预后的影响因素。 结果22例接受ECMO治疗的心脏骤停患者中,14例存活出院且12例神经功能良好。CPC不佳组患者肌钙蛋白I[47.0（26.8,80.0）μg/L vs. 13.6（3.3,32.6）μg/L,U = 20.000,P = 0.017]水平较CPC良好组显著升高,白蛋白[（27 ± 7）g/L vs.（33 ± 6）g/L,t = 2.485,P = 0.022]水平较CPC良好组显著降低。此外,CPC不佳组患者第3天ECMO流量[（3.6 ± 0.8）L/min vs.（3.0 ± 0.7）L/min,t = 2.091,P = 0.050]高于CPC良好组,但两组比较差异无统计学意义。Logistic回归分析结果显示,较低的白蛋白浓度[优势比（OR）= 0.755,95%置信区间（CI）（0.576,0.990）,P = 0.042]是ECMO治疗心脏骤停患者神经功能预后不佳的独立危险因素。 结论较低的白蛋白浓度是ECMO治疗的心脏骤停患者神经功能预后不佳的独立危险因素。     

头颅CT视神经鞘直径测定对成人心搏骤停后昏迷患者预后的判断价值

目的:探讨头颅CT视神经鞘直径(ONSD)对中国成人心搏骤停(CA)后昏迷患者神经功能预后的判断价值。方法:回顾性分析了2015-01—2018-06期间南京医科大学第一附属医院95例复苏后72h内行头颅CT检查的成人CA患者,测定其ONSD及灰质/白质比例(GWR),同时评价各指标对神经功能不良预后(CPC评分3～5分)的预测价值。结果:与预后良好组相比较,预后不良组ONSD显著增加(P0.01)。预后不良组基底节、大脑、平均及简化GWR均显著低于预后良好组(均P0.05)。ONSD4.30mm预测神经功能不良预后的敏感度为77.8%,特异度为74.5%(P0.01)。与单一指标相比较,ONSD联合GWR评估可显著提高不良预后的判断价值(GWR基底节加ONSD,敏感度72.5%,特异度94.4%,P0.01)。结论:CA后昏迷患者头颅CT提示ONSD增加与神经功能不良预后相关,ONSD与GWR联合评估可有效提升CA后昏迷患者不良预后的判断价值。     

体外心肺复苏应用于心脏骤停患者神经功能预后的系统评价和Meta分析

目的 通过系统评价探讨体外膜肺氧合(ECMO)辅助下心肺复苏(CPR)对心脏骤停(CA)患者神经功能预后的影响。方法 检索从建库至2023年2月PubMed、Web of Science、Ovid、Cochrane Library、中国知网、万方数据库、中华医学期刊全文数据库、中国生物医学文献数据库等。根据文献纳入和排除标准进行文献筛选、质量评价和资料提取，应用RevMan 5.3软件进行统计分析。结果 共纳入9项研究，共计2 694例患者，其中体外心肺复苏(ECPR)组717例患者，传统心肺复苏(CCPR)组1 977例。Meta分析结果显示，与CCPR相比，ECPR可以提高CA患者短期(出院或1个月内)神经功能预后[OR=2.93,95%CI(1.76,4.87),P<0.000 1]及长期神经功能预后[OR=0.12,95%CI(0.07,0.17),P<0.000 01]。亚组分析表明，在院内心脏骤停(IHCA)和院外心脏骤停(OHCA)患者中实施ECPR对改善出院时的神经功能预后方面异质性较大(组内I²≥50%,P<0.05),而在改善...     

早期膈肌萎缩对急性呼吸窘迫综合征机械通气患者撤机结局的影响研究

目的探讨急性呼吸窘迫综合征（ARDS）机械通气患者早期膈肌萎缩的发生情况及对撤机结局的影响。 方法选取2019年1月至2021年6月入住宁波市医疗中心李惠利医院东部院区重症医学科的53例ARDS并接受机械通气治疗患者,采用床旁超声连续监测机械通气后即刻、72 h的吸气末膈肌厚度（DTei）和呼气末膈肌厚度（DTee）,定义机械通气后72 h的DTee ≤ 2 mm为早期膈肌萎缩,并将患者分为早期膈肌萎缩组（A组,27例）和非萎缩组（B组,26例）。比较两组患者的一般资料、急性病生理学和长期健康评价（APACHE）Ⅱ评分、机械通气后即刻及72 h的DTei和DTee、撤机结局、机械通气时长以及DTei、DTee与ARDS患者撤机结局的相关性,采用受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线确定预测拔管成功的最佳截断值。 结果A组患者机械通气72 h肺泡动脉氧分压差[P（A-a）O₂][（210 ± 118）mmHg vs.（155 ± 63）mmHg,t = 4.344,P = 0.042]和机械通气时间[188.0（112.0,281.0）h vs. 92.5（71.8,167.8）h,t = 2.642,P = 0.008]均大于B组,而撤机成功情况（8/27 vs. 24/26,χ² = 21.751,P < 0.001）、机械通气后72 h DTei[（0.224 ± 0.067）cm vs.（0.312 ± 0.094）cm,t = 3.933,P < 0.001]及72 h DTee[（0.159 ± 0.027）cm vs.（0.268 ± 0.082）cm,t = 6.570,P < 0.001]均明显低于B组。Spearman相关分析结果显示,机械通气后72 h DTei（r = 0.337,P = 0.014）及72 h DTee（r = 0.503,P < 0.001）均与机械通气撤机成功呈正相关。ROC曲线分析结果显示,ARDS患者机械通气后72 h DTei[曲线下面积（AUC）= 0.699,95%置信区间（CI）（0.557,0.817）,P = 0.009]和72 h DTee[AUC = 0.797,95%CI（0.664,0.895）,P < 0.001]均对机械通气撤机成功具有预测价值,二者最佳截断值分别为0.240 cm和0.200 cm,且后者预测撤机成功的特异度高于前者（90.5% vs. 71.4%）。 结论ARDS机械通气患者早期膈肌萎缩的出现与不良撤机结局密切相关,机械通气后72 h DTei和72 h DTee均可用来预测撤机结局,相较于72 h DTei,72 h DTee是指导预测撤机结局的较好指标。     

体外心肺复苏对成人心脏骤停患者预后影响的荟萃分析

目的 评价体外心肺复苏(ECPR)与传统心肺复苏(CCPR)对成人心脏骤停患者的生存和神经功能预后的影响.方法 计算机检索PubMed,Web of science等数据库在1980年1月到2015年1 1月公开发表的相关文献,并对获得文献进行严格的筛选和质量评价,提取相关数据,使用Review Manager 5.0软件进行统计分析.结果 纳入8个研究,共计2 718例,其中ECPR组462例,传统心肺复苏(CCPR)组2 256例.Meta分析结果显示:与CCPR比较,ECPR可以提高成人心脏骤停患者的出院存活率(OR=2.92,95％CI:2.24～3.81,P＜0.01),长期存活率(OR=2.97,95％CI:2.11 ～4.19,P＜0.01)和神经功能状态(OR=3.50,95％CI:2.36～5.81,P＜0.01.在纳入的8项研究中,4项建立了倾向评分匹配的队列,其中ECPR组与CCPR组各182例.Meta分析结果表明:在提高成人心脏骤停患者的自主循环恢复率、出院存活率、长期存活率和神经功能状态方面,ECPR均具有较为显著的优势.结论 ECPR可以改善成人心脏骤停患者的自主循环恢复率、出院存活率、长期存活率和神经功能预后,效果优于CCPR.     

体外心肺复苏启动前因素对患者预后的影响

目的:分析体外心肺复苏（extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation,ECPR）启动前因素对患者预后的影响,以探讨ECPR的干预时机和改进策略。方法:回顾性分析2018年7月至2021年4月在湖南师范大学附属第一医院（湖南省人民医院）行ECPR的29例患者。按患者是否存活出院分为生存组( n=13)及死亡组( n=16),分析两组常规心肺复苏（conventional cardiopulmonary resuscitation,CCPR）时间（开始心肺复苏到体外膜肺氧合运转的时间）、ECPR前初始心律、院外及院内心搏骤停的构成比、外院转运病例构成比。按CCPR时间分为≤45 min组、45~60 min组及>60 min组分别比较其出院存活率及持续自主循环恢复（sustained return of spontaneous circulation,ROSC）率。本院院内心搏骤停患者按心搏骤停（cardiac arrest,CA）发生地点分为本科室亚组和其他科室亚组,比较其存活率。 结果:29例患者总体生存率44.83%,体外膜肺氧合（extracorporeal membrane oxygenation,ECMO）平均辅助时长114（33.5,142.5） h,CCPR平均时长60（44.5,80） min。生存组ECMO辅助时间（140.15±44.80）h较死亡组长（ P=0.001）,生存组CCPR时间明显低于死亡组（ P=0.010）。初始心律为可除颤心律组生存率更高（ P=0.010）。OHCA较IHCA患者病死率高（ P=0.020）。外院转运病例病死率高于本院病例（ P=0.025）。CCPR时间≤45min、45~60 min、>60 min三组患者出院生存率依次递减（ P=0.001）,ROSC率依次递减（ P=0.001)。本院院内心搏骤停患者,CA发生地点在本科室（急诊医学科）组与其他科室组生存率差异无统计学意义（ P=0.54）。 结论:ECPR出院存活率高于国内外报道的CCPR存活率,ECPR对难治性心搏骤停是有效的。ECPR的预后跟CCPR时间、CA初始心律、CA发生地点明显相关,提高ECPR存活率需加强宣教及团队建设。     

脑电双频指数在评估心肺复苏术后患者脑功能及预后中的价值

目的 探讨心肺复苏成功患者的脑电双频指数(bispectral index,BIS)与格拉斯哥(glasgow coma scale,GCS)评分、血清神经元特异性烯醇化酶(neuron-specific enolase,NSE)的相关性及其在评估神经功能预后方面的价值.方法 选取心脏骤停后心肺复苏成功的昏迷患者,复苏后24 h内行BIS监测,同时进行GCS评分及血清NSE水平检测,观察6个月预后.分析三者之间的相关性,比较不同BIS值之间GCS评分和血NSE的差异.分析对比预后良好与不良组之间三者的统计学差异.绘制三种评估方法的受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线,计算曲线下面积以分析三者对预后的预测价值.应用SPSS 16.0统计软件分析,统计方法包括相关分析、t检验或t'检验、x2检验或Fisher确切概率法、单因素方差分析.结果 BIS值与GCS评分呈正相关(r =0.684),二者与NSE呈负相关(r分别为-0.675和-0.663).不同的BIS值之间,GCS评分和血清NSE浓度差异具有统计学意义.神经功能预后良好与不良组之间GCS评分(P=0.018)、BIS值(P=0.01)、NSE质量浓度(P=0.01)差异有统计学意义.BIS与NSE对预后的评估价值相当,GCS对预后的评估价值相对较低.结论 BIS监测与GCS评分、血清NSE密切相关,是评价患者心肺复苏后昏迷程度及判定神经功能预后的有效指标;在判定预后方面,客观指标BIS与血NSE优于主观指标GCS评分.     

不同时间段血乳酸水平对脓毒症院内死亡的预测价值比较：基于重症监护医学信息数据库

目的比较不同时间段的血乳酸水平对脓毒症院内死亡的预测价值,以期为临床上合理选用血乳酸提供一定的研究证据。 方法基于重症监护医学信息数据库,纳入3 299例脓毒症患者。根据患者院内死亡情况,将3 299例脓毒症患者分为院内存活组（2 445例）和院内死亡组（854例）。比较两组患者的性别比、监护室类型、简化急性生理学评分Ⅱ（SAPSⅡ）、序贯器官衰竭估计（SOFA）评分、入院24 h内血乳酸的最大值[血乳酸（24 h,max）]及最小值[血乳酸（24 h,min）]及24 ~ 48 h血乳酸的最大值[血乳酸（48 h,max）]及最小值[血乳酸（48 h,min）]。采用Logistic回归分析及受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线分析影响脓毒症患者院内死亡的相关因素,并用Z检验比较曲线下面积（AUC）。 结果院内存活组患者的血乳酸（24 h,max）[3.0（1.8,4.8）mmol/L vs. 3.6（2.1,6.3）mmol/L]、血乳酸（24 h,min）[1.5（1.1,2.2）mmol/L vs. 1.8（1.3,2.9）mmol/L]、血乳酸（48 h,max）[1.5（1.1,2.3）mmol/L vs. 2.5（1.5,4.4）mmol/L]、血乳酸（48 h,min）[1.3（1.0,1.8）mmol/L vs. 1.9（1.3,3.2）mmol/L]、SAPSⅡ评分[44（35,54）分vs. 48（37,59）分]及SOFA评分[6（4,9）分vs. 8（5,11）分]均较院内死亡组显著降低（H = 7.350、9.535、13.473、12.720、6.734、8.033,P均< 0.001）。将上述指标纳入Logistic回归分析,结果显示,血乳酸（24 h,max）[比值比（OR）= 1.099,95%置信区间（CI）（1.069,1.130）]、血乳酸（24 h,min）[OR = 1.300,95%CI（1.220,1.385）]、血乳酸（48 h,max）[OR = 1.330,95%CI（1.271,1.391）]、血乳酸（48 h,min）[OR = 1.558,95%CI（1.451,1.673）]、SAPSⅡ评分[OR = 1.014,95%CI（1.008,1.020）]和SOFA评分[OR = 1.084,95%CI（1.059,1.110）]均为影响脓毒症患者院内死亡的危险因素（P均< 0.001）。ROC曲线分析结果显示,血乳酸（24 h,max）[AUC = 0.574,95%CI（0.551,0.597）]、血乳酸（24 h,min）[AUC = 0.614,95%CI（0.591,0.636）]、血乳酸（48 h,max）[AUC = 0.693,95%CI（0.672,0.715）]、血乳酸（48 h,min）[AUC = 0.689,95%CI（0.668,0.710）]、SAPSⅡ评分[AUC = 0.577,95%CI（0.555,0.600）]及SOFA评分[AUC = 0.592,95%CI（0.569,0.614）]对脓毒症患者院内死亡均具有预测价值（P均< 0.001）,且血乳酸（48 h,max）和血乳酸（48 h,min）的AUC均显著高于血乳酸（24 h,max）（Z = 7.310、7.064,P均< 0.001）和血乳酸（24 h,min）（Z = 5.078、4.821,P均< 0.001）、SAPSⅡ评分（Z = 7.126、6.880,P均< 0.001）和SOFA评分（Z = 6.204、5.959,P均< 0.001）。 结论入院24 ~ 48 h的血乳酸水平对脓毒症患者院内死亡可能具有更好的预测价值。     

Serum neuron-specific enolase predicts outcome in post-anoxic coma: a prospective cohort study

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate whether serial serum neuron-specific enolase (NSE) can be used to predict neurological prognosis in patients remaining comatose after cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). DESIGN. Observational cohort study. Clinicians were blinded to NSE results. SETTING: Eighteen-bed general ICU. PATIENTS: Comatose patients admitted to the ICU after CPR. INTERVENTIONS: Serum NSE was measured at admission and daily for 5 days. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: Patients received full intensive treatment until recovery or until absence of cortical response to somatosensory evoked potentials more than 48 h after CPR proved irreversible coma. Of the 110 patients included (mean GCS at ICU admission 3, range 3--9), 34 regained consciousness, five of whom died in hospital. Seventy-six patients did not regain consciousness, 72 of whom died in hospital. Serum NSE at 24 h and at 48 h after CPR was significantly higher in patients who did not regain consciousness than in patients who regained consciousness (at 24 h: median NSE 29.9 microg/l, range 1.8-250 vs 9.9 microg/l, range 4.5-21.5, P<0.001; at 48 h: median 37.8 microg/l, range 4.4-411 vs 9.5 microg/l, range 6.2-22.4, P= 0.001). No patient with a serum NSE level >25.0 microg/l at any time regained consciousness. Addition of NSE to GCS and somatosensory evoked potentials increased predictability of poor neurological outcome from 64% to 76%. CONCLUSIONS: High serum NSE levels in comatose patients at 24 h and 48 h after CPR predict a poor neurological outcome. Addition of NSE to GCS and somatosensory evoked potentials increases predictability of neurological outcome.     

An optimal transition time to extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation for predicting good neurological outcome in patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: a propensity-matched study

Introduction

Prolonged conventional cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CCPR) is associated with a poor prognosis in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) patients. Alternative methods can be needed to improve the outcome in patients with prolonged CCPR and extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR) can be considered as an alternative method. The objectives of this study were to estimate the optimal duration of CPR to consider ECPR as an alternative resuscitation method in patients with CCPR, and to find the indications for predicting good neurologic outcome in OHCA patients who received ECPR.

Methods

This study is a retrospective analysis based on a prospective cohort. We included patients ≥ 18 years of age without suspected or confirmed trauma and who experienced an OHCA from May 2006 to December 2013. First, we determined the appropriate cut-off duration for CPR based on the discrimination of good and poor neurological outcomes in the patients who received only CCPR, and then we compared the outcome between the CCPR group and ECPR group by using propensity score matching. Second, we compared CPR related data according to the neurologic outcome in matched ECPR group.

Results

Of 499 patients suitable for inclusion, 444 and 55 patients were enrolled in the CCPR and ECPR group, respectively. The predicted duration for a favorable neurologic outcome (CPC1, 2) is < 21 minutes of CPR in only CCPR patients. The matched ECPR group with ≥ 21 minutes of CPR duration had a more favorable neurological outcome than the matched CCPR group at 3 months post-arrest. In matched ECPR group, younger age, witnessed arrest without initial asystole rhythm, early achievement of mean arterial pressure ≥ 60 mmHg, low rate of ECPR-related complications, and therapeutic hypothermia were significant factors for expecting good neurologic outcome.

Conclusions

ECPR should be considered as an alternative method for attaining good neurological outcomes in OHCA patients who required prolonged CPR, especially of ≥ 21 minutes. Younger or witnessed arrest patients without initial asystole were good candidates for ECPR. After implantation of ECPR, early hemodynamic stabilization, prevention of ECPR-related complications, and application of therapeutic hypothermia may improve the neurological outcome.     

Serum S-100B is superior to neuron-specific enolase as an early prognostic biomarker for neurological outcome following cardiopulmonary resuscitation

IntroductionMost patients with cardiac arrest (CA) admitted to hospitals after successful cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) are discharged with various degree of neurological deficits. To determine predictor of neurological outcome early and accurately, and to determine cutoff values, serum levels of protein S-100B and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) within 24 h after CA were assessed.Methods and resultsA multicenter prospective observational study was conducted between May 2007 and April 2008 at three medical institutions in Japan on 107 consecutive non-traumatic CA patients with return of spontaneous circulation after CPR. Based on “best-ever achieved” Glasgow-Pittsburgh cerebral performance categories (CPC) score within 6 months after CA, patients were classified into a “poor neurological outcome” group (CPC3 to CPC5) (n = 67) and “favorable neurological outcome” group (CPC1 and CPC2) (n = 13). Blood was sampled on admission, at 6 and 24 h after CA. Serum S-100B and NSE in “poor outcome” group were higher than those in “favorable outcome” group (P < 0.01). On ROC analysis, area under the curve of S-100B was 0.85, 0.94 and 1.0, respectively. These were greater than those of NSE at all sampling points. The “100%-specific” cutoff values of S-100B predictive of poor neurological outcome were 1.41, 0.21, and 0.05 ng/mL, respectively. These values corresponded to sensitivities of 20.9%, 62.8%, and 100%, respectively, each of which was higher than those of NSE.ConclusionsS-100B is more reliable as an early predictor of poor neurological outcome within 24 h after CA than NSE and can be applied clinically.     

Outcome after cardiac arrest: predictive values and limitations of the neuroproteins neuron-specific enolase and protein S-100 and the Glasgow Coma Scale

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Patients resuscitated from cardiac arrest are at risk of subsequent death or poor neurological outcome up to a persistent vegetative state. We investigated the prognostic value of several epidemiological and clinical markers and two neuroproteins, neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and S-100 protein (S-100), in 97 patients undergoing cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) after non-traumatic cardiac arrest between 1998 and 2002. RESULTS: 52.6% of the patients died, 28.8% survived with severe, moderate or without neurological disorders, and 18.6% remained in a persistent vegetative state. Unconsciousness>48 h after CPR predicted a 60.6-fold (95% CI 14.3287-257.205, p=0.001) and a Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS)<6 points after 72 h a 11.2-fold (CI 95%, 3.55-36.44, p<0.001) risk of poor neurological outcome. Serum levels>or=65 ng/ml for NSE and >or=1.5 microg/l for S-100 increased the risk of death and persistent vegetative state 16.8 (95% CI 2.146-131.520)- and 12.6 (95% CI 1.1093-99.210)-fold, respectively. By combination of the GCS with elevated serum concentrations of both neuroproteins above the cut off levels on third day after CPR a poor neurological outcome was predicted with a specificity of 100%. CONCLUSION: The combination of GCS with the serum levels of both neuroproteins at 72 h after CPR permit a more reliable prediction of outcome in post arrest coma than the single markers alone, independent of the application of anaesthetic agents.     

早期测定血清神经元特异性烯醇化酶水平对心跳呼吸骤停复苏后住院患儿转归以及神经学预后的预测作用

目的探讨早期检测血清神经元特异性烯醇化酶（NSE）水平对发生心跳呼吸骤停（CRA）住院患儿复苏后转归以及神经学预后的预测作用。方法选择2006年1月至2008年12月发生CRA的住院患儿,分为死亡组和存活组,对存活患儿随访6个月,分为神经学预后不良组和预后良好组。比较患儿年龄、性别、骤停类型、CPR时间、ROSC后Glasgow昏迷评分（CCS）、瞳孔对光反射恢复、需要镇静与否;在复苏后24～36h随机测定外周静脉血清NSE浓度,比较组间采样时间以及血清NSE水平。利用受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线,分别取NSE对复苏后死亡和6月时神经学不良预后诊断特异度（Sp）为100％、敏感度（se）最高的点为截断（cutt-off）值,并计算阳性预测值（PPV）、阴性预测值（NPV）和正确度。结果最终纳入病例87例,ROSC43例,存活出院19例,死亡24例;随访6月后,神经学预后不良12例,预后良好7例。死亡组与存活组以及神经学预后不良组与良好组间比较,CPR时间、GCS、瞳孔对光反射恢复、需要镇静与否以及NSE血清水平存在显著统计学差异（P均〈0．05）。NSE水平与CPR时间呈显著正相关（r=0．901,P=0．00）;与GCS呈显著负相关（r=-0．813,P=0．00）。NSE对复苏后ROSC患儿转归的ROC曲线下面积为0．846±0．065（95％CI：0．720-0．973,P=0．oo）,截断值为90．6ng／ml,Se、Sp、PPV、NPV、准确度分别为20．8％、100％、100％、50％、53．5％;NSE对神经学预后的ROC曲线下面积为0．929±0．072（95％CI：0．788—1．069,P=0．002）,截断值为50．7ng／ml,se、Sp、PPV、NPV、准确度分别为50％、100％、100％、53．8％、68．4％。结论ROSC后早期血清NSE水平对复苏后患儿转归和神经学预后有预测意义。     

Combining brain computed tomography and serum neuron specific enolase improves the prognostic performance compared to either alone in comatose cardiac arrest survivors treated with therapeutic hypothermia

Aim of the study

We determined whether combining the grey-to-white matter ratio (GWR) on brain computed tomography (CT) and serum neuron specific enolase (NSE) improves the prognostic performance when compared to either alone in cardiac arrest patients treated with therapeutic hypothermia (TH).

Methods

We performed a retrospective study of a cohort of cardiac arrest patients treated with TH. The Hounsfield unit was measured in the caudate nucleus (CN), putamen (P), posterior limb of internal capsule (PIC) and corpus callosum (CC); GWR was calculated as CN/PIC and P/CC. The NSE value was obtained at 0, 24, and 48 h after restoration of spontaneous circulation (ROSC). We analysed the prognostic performance of GWR and NSE, singly and in combination, in predicting poor neurologic outcome (cerebral performance category 3–5).

Results

Of the 224 included patients, 82 showed good neurologic outcome at hospital discharge, while 142 showed poor neurologic outcome. The P/CC (area under receiver operating characteristics (AUROC) 0.864, sensitivity/specificity 52.9%/100%) showed better prognostic performance than did the CN/PIC (AUROC 0.721, sensitivity/specificity 19.8%/100%). The NSE value at 48 h after ROSC (AUROC 0.895, sensitivity/specificity 60.2%/100%) showed the highest prognostic value among the three NSE time points. Analysis of 119 patients undergoing both brain CT and NSE at 48 h indicated that combining P/CC and NSE improved the sensitivity (78.6%) compared to either alone (48.6%, 62.9%).

Conclusion

Combining brain CT and serum NSE improves the prognostic performance when compared to either alone in predicting poor neurologic outcome in cardiac arrest patients treated with TH.     

血清神经元特异性烯醇化酶对于老年急性脑出血患者的临床意义

目的探讨老年急性脑出血患者血清神经元特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)与出血部位、出血量、神经功能缺损及预后之间的关系。方法选择发病在24 h内老年急性脑出血患者105例,选93例同期健康体检者作为对照组,采用酶联免疫分析法测定两组NSE浓度,按SSS标准评定神经功能缺损及预后,出血量以入院时CT显示计。结果急性脑出血组血清NSE水平与出血部位无明显关系(P>0.05)。急性脑出血组血清NSE水平[少量出血(13.81±3.95)μg/L、中量出血(18.74±4.32)μg/L、大量出血(25.19±3.07)μg/L]显著高于对照组[(8.62±2.64)μg/L],P<0.05。急性脑出血组血清NSE水平与出血量成正比(P<0.05)。急性脑出血组血清NSE水平与神经功能缺损程度呈正相关(r=0.926,P<0.05)。结论血清NSE能够反映神经组织的损害程度,可作为老年急性脑出血病情判断及预后评估的参考指标。