不同年龄段患者基础FSH/LH比值对IVF/ICSI-ET临床结局的预测价值

目的 探讨患者基础卵泡刺激素/基础黄体生成素(FSH/LH)比值对体外授精/卵胞浆内单精子注射-胚胎移植(IVF/ICSI-ET)过程中获卵总数、优质胚胎的获得和临床结局的预测价值.方法 回顾性分析因单纯输卵管因素或男方因素行IVF/ICSI-ET(长方案)助孕并行新鲜胚胎移植的1629例患者的病历资料,根据患者的年龄和FSH/LH比值分为A、B、C共3组,A组:年龄<30岁(A1亚组:FSH/LH<2,n=452;A2亚组:FSH/LH≥2,n=144);B组:年龄30~35岁(B1亚组:FSH/LH<2,n=551;B2亚组:FSH/LH≥2,n=240);C组:年龄36~40岁(C1亚组:FSH/LH<2,n=148;C2亚组:FSH/LH≥2,n=94).比较各年龄段亚组患者控制性超促排卵(COH)结果以及IVF结局.结果 A组中,A1亚组的促性腺激素(Gn)用量明显低于A2亚组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);A1亚组的获卵数和优质胚胎数明显高于A2亚组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).B组中,B1亚组的获卵数明显低于B2亚组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).C组中,C1亚组和C2亚组在获卵数和优质胚胎数之间差异也具有统计学意义(P<0.05).A、B、C 3组各亚组在患者的妊娠率、流产率差异均无统计学意义.结论 基础FSH/LH比值可以作为判断不同年龄段患者COH结果的重要指标,但却不能单独预测IVF/ICSI-ET临床结局.     

基础状态血清高黄体生成素水平及黄体生成素/卵泡刺激素比值对多囊卵巢综合征患者体外受精妊娠结局的影响

目的探讨基础状态高血清黄体生成素(LH)、不同黄体生成素/卵泡刺激素比值(LH/FSH)对多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)患者体外受精-胚胎移植(IVF-ET)结局的影响。方法回顾性分析我中心接受IVF治疗的134个PCOS助孕周期,按照基础状态LH≤10 U/L分为A(1LH≤10 U/L)、A(2LH>10 U/L)组,按照LH/FSH<2分为B(1LH/FSH<2)、B(2LH/FSH≥2)组。分别比较A、B组患者一般情况、胚胎质量和临床妊娠结局。结果 A2组血清FSH、T、LH/FSH比值、获卵数均较A1组高,有统计学差异(P<0.05);但两组在窦卵泡计数(AFC)、降调时间、Gn天数、启动日LH、LH/FSH、胚胎质量及临床妊娠结局方面均无统计学差异。B2组的基础LH、HCG日E2、获卵数较B1组高,但Gn使用剂量较少,有统计学差异(P<0.05);而两组在降调节时间、Gn天数、启动日LH、LH/FSH比值、临床妊娠结局方面无统计学差异。结论 PCOS患者经口服避孕药物预处理后,基础状态高LH水平(LH>10 IU/L)及高LH/FSH比值(LH/FSH≥2)对其IVF妊娠结局无不良影响。     

短效GnRH-a长方案超促排卵周期卵巢反应性与IVF-ET临床结局的关系

目的探讨短效GnRH-a长方案超促排卵周期卵巢反应性与体外受精一胚胎移植(IVF—ET)临床结局的关系。方法回顾分析2011年1月1日-2011年12月31日734个IVF短效GnRH-a长方案超促排卵周期的临床资料。根据获卵数分3组,卵巢低反应组(A组)获卵数≤5个;正常反应组(B组)5个<获卵数<20个;卵巢高反应组(C组)获卵数≥20个。结果 A、B、C3组平均基础窦卵泡计数(antral follicle count,AFC)分别为(7.8±3.1)、(10.5±3.5)、(12.3±3.4),获卵数分别为(3.7±1.4)、(10.9±3.5)、(22.9±2.5),基础FSH值分别为(8.2±3.5)、(7.0±2.0)、(6.3±1.9)差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);A组平均Gn用量高于B组和C组(P<0.05);三组不孕因素构成比无差异;B组平均移植胚胎数及移植优胚率均高于A、C组(P<0.05);种植率、妊娠率B组高于A、C组,但差异无统计学意义;3组OHSS发生率差异无统计学意义,剩余胚胎冻存率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论短效GnRH-a长方案超促排卵周期获卵数与年龄、AFC、基础FSH值密切相关,影响卵巢的反应性;获卵数通过影响可供移植胚胎数量及剩余胚胎冻存数量进而影响体外受精一胚胎移植周期临床结局。     

早卵泡期长方案血清黄体生成素(LH)低的患者添加r-LH的临床结局分析

目的:探讨早卵泡期长方案血清黄体生成素(LH)低的患者添加r-LH的临床结局。方法:选取体外受精-胚胎移植助孕的卵巢正常反应患者425周期,以前瞻性随机对照分析原则将其分成两组,黄体期短效长方案210周期,早卵泡期长方案215周期(若降调后LH≤1U/L,进行COS时全程添加r-LH),比较两组获MⅡ卵数、抱婴率、胚胎种植率、临床妊娠率等妊娠结局。结果:①两组年龄、BMI、FSH、LH、E_2、AFC及不孕年限等相比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);②观察组降调后LH、HCG日LH、HCG日E_2等低于对照组,Gn总量、HCG日P高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);而降调后FSH、E_2和Gn天数、HCG日内膜厚度等相比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);③观察组2PN受精率、优胚率、胚胎种植率、临床妊娠率、抱婴率及重度OHSS率以及MⅡ获卵数均高于对照组,全胚冷冻率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),且两组2PN卵裂率、早期流产率及平均移植胚胎数相比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:根据卵巢正常反应患者的具体病情选用早卵泡期长方案中对血清LH低的患者添加r-LH后效果略优于黄体期短效方案,有一定的临床应用价值。     

基础状态血清高黄体生成素水平及黄体生成素/卵泡刺激素比值对多囊卵巢综合征患者体外受精妊娠结局的影响

目的探讨基础状态高血清黄体生成素（LH）、不同黄体生成素/卵泡刺激素比值（LH/FSH）对多囊卵巢综合征（PCOS）患者
体外受精-胚胎移植（IVF-ET）结局的影响。方法回顾性分析我中心接受IVF治疗的134个PCOS助孕周期,按照基础状态LH≤
10 U/L分为A1（LH≤10 U/L）、A2（LH>10 U/L）组,按照LH/FSH<2分为B1（LH/FSH<2）、B2（LH/FSH≥2）组。分别比较A、B组
患者一般情况、胚胎质量和临床妊娠结局。结果A2组血清FSH、T、LH/FSH比值、获卵数均较A1组高,有统计学差异（P<0.05）;
但两组在窦卵泡计数（AFC）、降调时间、Gn天数、启动日LH、LH/FSH、胚胎质量及临床妊娠结局方面均无统计学差异。B2组的
基础LH、HCG日E2、获卵数较B1组高,但Gn使用剂量较少,有统计学差异（P<0.05）;而两组在降调节时间、Gn天数、启动日LH、
LH/FSH比值、临床妊娠结局方面无统计学差异。结论PCOS患者经口服避孕药物预处理后,基础状态高LH水平（LH>10 IU/
L）及高LH/FSH比值（LH/FSH≥2）对其IVF妊娠结局无不良影响。
     

高体质量指数对多囊卵巢综合征患者辅助生育妊娠结局的影响

目的探讨高体质量指数(BMI)对多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)患者行体外受精-胚胎移植(IVF-ET)的妊娠结局的影响。方法回顾性分析2009年1月至2011年12月于郑州大学第三附属医院生殖中心用标准长方案进行IVF助孕的224例PCOS患者资料,根据BMI分为2组,高BMI组(BMI≥24.0)60例,正常BMI组(18.5≤BMI<24.0)164例,分析高BMI与正常BMI的PCOS患者妊娠结局的差异。结果 (1)高BMI组基础睾酮(T)显著高于正常BMI组(P<0.05);(2)两组促性腺激素(Gn)总量、Gn用药、促排天数、获卵数、受精卵数目差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但高BMI组子宫内膜厚度显著高于于正常BMI组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);(3)两组临床妊娠率、胚胎种植率、流产率、平均孕周、胎儿平均体质量差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),高BMI组妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)显著高于正常BMI组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论高BMI的PCOS患者易出现高雄激素血症,且妊娠期并发症GDM发生率增加,但不影响其临床妊娠率。     

年龄对体外受精-胚胎移植拮抗剂方案治疗不孕患者临床效果的影响

目的探究年龄对使体外受精-胚胎移植(IVF-ET)拮抗剂方案治疗不孕患者临床效果的影响。方法回顾性分析2017年1月至2018年12月在我院接受IVF-ET拮抗剂方案助孕治疗的320个周期的临床资料,根据年龄将患者分为<35岁组和≥35岁组,比较2组基础促黄体生成素(LH)、基础雌激素、基础卵泡促激素(FSH)、获卵数、总受精率、正常受精率、卵裂率、优质胚胎数、等指标差异有无统计学意义。结果 2组患者基础促黄体生成素(LH)、基础雌激素水平,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),基础卵泡促激素(FSH)水平差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);2组患者人绒毛膜促性腺激素(hCG)日雌激素水平、hCG日LH水平,hCG日孕酮水平,获卵数、优质胚胎数,两者差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);2组患者受精率、正常受精率、卵裂率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论在一定程度上年龄可以预测IVF-ET的治疗效果。     

体外受精胚胎移植周期中获卵数少于十个临床结局分析

目的：探讨体外受精（IVF）超促排卵治疗中获卵数与临床结局的关系。方法：选择进行IVF/ICSI治疗的921个周期的患者。对获卵数≤10个的患者按获卵数进行分组,对各组的多个临床特征及治疗结局进行分析比较。结果:临床妊娠率、异位妊娠率和周期取消率各组间差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;HCG日的血清E2峰值随获卵数增加而明显上升,与获卵数呈正相关,各组之间差异有显著性(P<0.05);获卵个数为1组患者年龄与月经第3天的FSH值均较其他组高,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;各组患者使用的总Gn支数、种植率和卵巢过度刺激综合症（OHSS）发生率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论：获卵数在6~10个之间可获得满意的临床结局又可避免发生重度OHSS;若获卵数<5个,可移植的胚胎数减少,从而影响着床率和妊娠率,预后不佳。     

输卵管积水不同处理方式对IVF-ET助孕影响的临床分析

目的:探讨输卵管结扎和输卵管栓塞对输卵管积水患者IVF-ET助孕的影响。方法:回顾性分析我院生殖中心2016年1月—2018年2月109例因输卵管积水行IVF-ET助孕患者的临床资料,其中IVF-ET助孕前行输卵管结扎术的患者共60例,行输卵管栓堵术的患者共49例。分析两组患者术前术后FSH,FSH/LH,AMH,AFC,Gn用量,Gn天数,HCG日E2、P、Em,获卵数,受精卵数,总卵裂数,优质胚胎数,可用胚胎数,临床妊娠率,异位妊娠率以及流产率等指标。结果:结扎组术前、术后FSH、FSH/LH、AMH值差异均无统计学意义(P> 0.05),但是术前AFC显著高于术后水平,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。栓堵组术前、术后FSH、FSH/LH、AMH及AFC值差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组术后FSH、FSH/LH、AMH差异无统计学意义(P> 0.05),但是结扎组术后AFC水平显著低于栓堵组患者,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。两组患者Gn剂量,Gn天数,HCG日E_2、P、Em,获卵数,受精卵数,总卵裂数,优质胚胎数,可用胚胎数,临床妊娠率,异位妊娠率以及流产率相比,两组间差异无统计学意义(P> 0.05)。结论:IVFET术前输卵管结扎和栓堵治疗输卵管积水均是一种有效、可行的治疗方法,尤其对于盆腔严重粘连,无法接受手术治疗的患者行输卵管栓堵术不失为一种合理的选择。     

围绝经期女性睡眠质量、情绪障碍及性激素水平与认知功能相关性分析

目的探讨分析围绝经期女性睡眠质量、情绪障碍及性激素水平与认知功能相关性,为后续针对性的开展相应干预措施提供理论依据。方法于2021年6月至2021年12月采取整群抽样的方法,对惠州市仲恺区两个社区300名围绝经期女性均给予认知功能、情绪障碍及性激素水平评估,分别进行单因素分析和Logistic回归分析。结果经统计存在认知功能障碍163例,不同年龄、BMI、文化程度、家庭收入、合并内科基础疾病的围绝经期女性的认知功能评分差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);经单因素分析和线性相关分析显示围绝经期女性睡眠质量、情绪障碍及性激素水平与认知功能显著相关,其中抑郁评分(HAMA)、焦虑评分(HAMD)、匹兹堡睡眠质量量表(PSQI)、血清促卵泡生成素(FSH)与认知功能评分负相关,促黄体生成素(LH)、雌二醇(E2)与认知功能评分正相关,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);以是否存在认知功能障碍作为应变量Y,HAMA、HAMD、PSQI、FSH、LH、E2作为自变量X,进行Logistic回归分析,结果显示:HAMA、HAMD、PSQI、FSH、LH、E2均进入方程,其中HAMA、HAMD、PSQI、FSH为危险因素,LH、E2为保护因素,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论HAMA、HAMD、PSQI、FSH、LH、E2与围绝经期女性认知功能显著相关,其中HAMA、HAMD、PSQI、FSH为危险因素,LH、E2为保护因素,为后续针对性的开展相应干预措施提供新的思路。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.