Acute myocarditis caused by ECHO virus

Enteroviral infection is characterized by clinical polymorphism. One of its clinical manifestation is myocarditis, which is usually caused by Coxsackie virus. ECHO viruses cause the disease mostly in childhood. The article presents a case of enteroviral (ECHO) infection complicated by pneumonia and focal myocarditis in a 41-year-old patient, hospitalized during a season of influenza and acute respiratory infections. Acute myocarditis was moderate and the patient recovered by day 23.     

Severe bronchiolitis probably caused by varicella-zoster virus

An unusual, severe pneumonia probably caused by varicella-zoster virus is reported in a 19-year-old previously healthy man. The diagnosis was based on high titer of varicella-zoster antibodies in serum, and demonstration of varicella-zoster antigen from lung biopsy specimen. The uncommon feature in the pathophysiological course of the disease was the selective hypercarbia that responded well to bronchodilator therapy with theophylline. Furthermore, the patient had no skin manifestations during his illness.     

Vitritis and retinal vasculitis caused by pseudorabies virus

Pseudorabies virus (PRV) is a herpesvirus of swine. PRV is also called suid herpesvirus 1 and is a member of the Alphaherpesvirinae subfamily within the family Herpesviridae. The number of PRV cases worldwide is small, but in susceptible individuals, infection with this virus has a poor prognosis. Therefore, it is urgent to improve our understanding of this disease in clinical practice to avoid misdiagnosis and to identify optimal treatments. We report a patient with PRV infection who was admitted to hospital with viral encephalitis and subsequently developed intraocular infection. Because to the lack of relevant clinical experience in the treatment of this disease, we carried out experimental treatment with good therapeutic effect. This case provides a basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment of patients with PRV.     

Effects of virus mutations caused by passages on vaccinal immunogenicity

The live attenuated viral vaccines are developed by adapting viruses in the different culture conditions or in the different hosts through several passages. Success of adaptations is based on the viral nature that viruses mutate easily. Once the vaccine strain is established, it should be maintained stably. Since the property that viral genome mutates easily is a survival strategy of viruses, it is inevitable for viruses to generate mutants at random in replication step. It is possible that mutations occurred in the vaccine strain during the passages influence on attenuation property or on immunogenicity of the vaccine. Therefore, vaccines should be produced according to the fixed operation protocol within the limited passages. In addition, some vaccines are requested to be measured the percentage of mutants in the bulk material. If the mutants more than approved are detected, the bulk material is controlled not to be used for the vaccine.     

一起D8基因型麻疹暴发疫情的调查分析

2013年3月31日至4月19日，北京市丰台区某服装商贸城4名售货员确诊为麻疹，病毒基因型为D8，此前国内未曾报道过。易感人群聚集、首例应急接种不彻底是此次暴发疫情的主要原因。消除麻疹应加强对外来务工人员麻疹疫苗接种，强化应急接种措施，同时关注麻疹病毒基因监测。     

Sex difference in clinical presentation of patients with infectious mononucleosis caused by Epstein-Barr virus

IntroductionThere are few studies on sex difference in patients with infectious mononucleosis caused by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV-IM). We performed a retrospective study to evaluate the sex difference in clinical presentation of patients with EBV-IM.MethodsWe performed a single-center retrospective study evaluating >14-year-old patients with serologically confirmed EBV-IM during 2006–2017. We compared the patients’ age, symptoms, physical findings, and laboratory data between male and female patients. To adjust for confounding factors, we performed a logistic regression analysis based on the results of univariate comparisons.ResultOf the 122 eligible patients (56 male and 66 female, ratio: 1:1.2), the median ages were 26 years old (interquartile range [IR], 22–31.5 years old]) and 22 years old (IR, 20–25 years old) for males and females, respectively (p < 0.001). Headache was significantly more prevalent in males (25.0% vs. 10.6%, p = 0.036). Leukocyte count was also significantly higher in males (11,400/mm³ [IR, 7,600–14,100/mm³] vs. 9,400/mm³ [IR, 6,600–11,600/mm³], p = 0.021). The prevalence of periorbital edema (male: 3.6% vs. female: 18.1%, p = 0.012) and severity of transaminase elevation were significantly higher in females. The regression analysis evaluating clinical characteristics of male patients showed that age >30 years old, headache, and leukocyte >11,000/mm³ had high odds ratios.ConclusionOur single-center retrospective study suggests that older age of onset, headache, and leukocytosis are more likely to be characteristics of male patients with EBV-IM. Our study also underscores the importance of periorbital edema as a clue for early diagnosis of EBV-IM, especially in female patients.     

Fatal progressive ascending encephalomyelitis caused by herpes B virus infection: first case from China

<正>Dear editor,Herpes B virus (BV),also known as Macacine herpesvirus 1 (family:Herpesviridae,subfamily:Alphaherpesvirinae,genus:Simplexvirus),officially designated by the International Committee on the Taxonomy of Viruses,exhibits serologic cross-reactivity with other members of the genus Simplexvirus,namely HSV type 1 (HSV-1),the causative agent of oral herpetic ulcers (cold sores) in humans and HSV type 2 (HSV-2),the agent of human genital herpes.^[1]BV infection in macaques i...     

α-干扰素治疗婴幼儿毛细支气管炎80例疗效观察

目的探讨α-干扰素治疗婴幼儿毛细支气管炎的临床疗效。方法将我院2007年8月至2009年8月收治的毛细支气管炎患儿148例,随机分为治疗组80例和对照组68例,对照组采用常规治疗方法,治疗组在常规治疗的基础上加用α-干扰素8～10万U/(Kg.d),肌肉注射,每日1次,连续3天。结果治疗组和对照组总有效率分别为95%和73.5%,差异有统计学意义(χ2=13.39,P=0.0003)。结论α-干扰素是有效治疗毛细支气管炎的药物之一。     

Adefovir dipivoxil for treatment of breakthrough hepatitis caused by lamivudine-resistant mutants of hepatitis B virus

OBJECTIVE: Adefovir dipivoxil (ADV) is a nucleoside analogue that inhibits wild-type hepatitis B virus (HBV) and lamivudine-resistant HBV mutants in vitro and in vivo. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of ADV against lamivudine-resistant mutants and of adefovir and interferon (IFN) add-on to lamivudine for patients with severe acute exacerbation of hepatitis caused by lamivudine-resistant mutants. METHODS: Fourteen patients with breakthrough hepatitis were treated with ADV. Four of the 14 patients also received IFN as combined treatment for severe acute exacerbation of hepatitis. RESULTS: At week 24, serum HBV DNA levels had significantly decreased by a median of over 4.8 log copies/ml in the ADV group and over 5.9 log copies/ml in the ADV + IFN group compared to baseline. The median decrease in alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels from baseline to week 24 was -1.05 times the upper limit of normal (ULN) in the ADV group [significant at week 24 compared with baseline (p = 0.012)] and -22.3 times the ULN in the ADV + IFN group. CONCLUSIONS: Administration of ADV add-on to lamivudine for patients with breakthrough hepatitis reduced HBV DNA and ALT levels. ADV and IFN add-on to lamivudine could prevent a fatal course in patients with severe acute exacerbation of hepatitis.     

三种病毒感染所致淋巴细胞及T细胞亚群改变的分析

目的观察分析EB病毒(EBV)、巨细胞病毒(CMV)和H1N1病毒感染者外周血白细胞(WBC)数量和形态变化,比较不同类型异型淋巴细胞分布及其与T细胞亚群变化的关系。方法对3种不同病毒感染者进行WBC计数和分类计数以及异型淋巴细胞观察。对异型淋巴细胞增高者进行T细胞亚群测定并进行比较分析,并与同期健康体检者(对照组)进行比较。结果 3种病毒感染者的外周WBC数量和中性粒细胞、淋巴细胞分类以及异型淋巴细胞计数与对照组比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);3种病毒感染者的异型淋巴细胞分布均以Ⅱ型为主,但CMV与H1N1病毒感染者的异型淋巴细胞分布比EBV感染者离散程度高;3种病毒感染者CD3+、CD4+T细胞数量与对照组比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);3种病毒感染者与对照组CD8+T细胞数量比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),且EBV与CMV、H1N1组间比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 3种病毒感染者异型淋巴细胞都有不同程度增高,但以EBV感染者增高明显;3种病毒感染者都有不同程度免疫功能紊乱,但以EBV感染者最明显。外周血异型淋巴细胞增高与机体免疫系统反应程度有关。