磁声成像方法的研究进展

磁声成像技术（MAT）是电阻抗成像与超声成像相结合的一种方法。感应式磁声成像方法是将被测样本置于静磁场和交变磁场中,交变磁场在样本中产生涡流,涡流受到洛仑兹力作用而激发出超声波,通过检测超声信号重建电阻抗的分布。应用感应式磁声成像方法可以获得较高分辨率的图像和灵敏度,对临床辅助诊断具有重要意义。并在此基础上提出了无需旋转静磁场的感应式磁声成像方法。     

基于相关系数的磁声信号特征分析

为了研究注入电流式磁声信号所包含的特征,需研究采集到的磁声信号与输入激励以及声换能器系统响应函数之间的关系。本研究通过实验,采用不同电压幅值大小的单周期正弦脉冲信号作为激励源,通过对接收到的磁声信号进行分析,使用 matlab 进行计算得到了磁声信号与上述两者的相关系数,然后对获取的数值进行数理统计,结果表明：随着激励电压幅值的增加,磁声信号与激励源信号以及与声传感器响应的相关系数增大,并趋于稳定;磁声信号与输入激励源以及声传感器的相关系数的峰值特点不同,且声传感器对平行铜线之间的距离比较敏感。该研究为后续实验中选择激励源信号以及声传感器特性提供参考,同时对磁声信号的特征分析和实验信号图像的精确性重建提供了一定依据。     

基于线性扫频激励的磁声电导率检测系统研究

本研究提出基于线性扫频激励洛伦兹力电阻抗成像理论,搭建了基于Verasonics磁声电导率检测平台,同时将线性扫频技术,混频及B模式扫描算法应用于电导率变化区域界面检测中,并对0.5%Na Cl均匀仿体进行实验,验证了线性扫频理论应用于本系统的正确性,清晰获得仿体电导率曲线,测得均匀仿体电导率B模式扫描图与超声B模式图及实际测量值一致,此外,本研究还探讨了探头类型及扫频时宽对成像效果影响。     

电流注入式磁声成像中样本电导率边界的提取

目的借助步进电机对电流注入式磁声成像进行实验研究,同时对电导率边界重建算法进行探讨与比较。方法实验研究中,选用正弦脉冲信号作为实验研究的激励信号。选用铜丝环作为实验对象,通过步进电机旋转探头沿圆周运动扫描样本采集声信号,用声信号重建样本边界信息。在电导率边界重建算法设计中,利用了“最值一两侧单调”方法检测信号的峰值,使用“跟踪峰值确定边界走向”的方法查找峰值边界。结果实验结果表明,利用步进电机采集到的超声信号及新的电导率边界重建算法,在声信号数据不太理想的情况下寻找到良好的边界,算法适应性较好。所寻找到的边界中包含95％（190／200）以上角度中的边界信息。结论找到了铜丝环中铜丝中心线对应的峰值边界,同时找到了铜丝环外边界的上限和内边界的下限。     

基于声学不均匀特性的磁感应磁声成像声压解析

目的 依据人体声学参数,探索磁声耦合成像声信号在声学非均匀媒介中的传播对检测结果的影响.方法 参考人体组织声学特性建立仿真模型,借助有限元分析工具进行电磁场仿真,采用时域有限差分方法求解磁声信号在仿真模型中的传播,并在自由空间采集声压信号.最后,对比研究磁声信号在声学均匀模型和声学非均匀模型中的传播过程.结果 在两个声学模型中声源分布相同,声学非均匀模型中采集的声压信号峰值数量多于声源边界,且声压峰值间的时间间隔与声源边界之间的距离不匹配.结论 初步揭示了声学非均匀特性对磁感应磁声成像的影响,为声学非均匀媒介的重建算法研究奠定了一定基础.     

基于时间反演方法的三维磁感应磁声成像电导率重建

磁感应磁声成像(MAT-MI)是一种融合磁感应技术和超声断层扫描技术的新型生物电阻抗成像方法,兼具电阻抗功能成像和超声技术高空间分辨率的优点.本研究构建三维柱状线圈和二层同心球模型以模拟成像物理环境,借助有限元软件ANSYS分析瞬态电磁场,并根据分析结果,进行MAT-MI正问题声场计算,应用时间反演法进行电导率的重建.仿真结果表明,MAT-MI能够较好重建生物组织的电导率分布.     

生物感应式磁声成像的研究现状

生物感应式磁声(MAT-MI)成像是一种新型功能成像技术,融合电磁技术、超声技术和多物理场探测与成像技术,具有电阻抗成像的高对比度以及超声扫描成像的高空间分辨率的特点,能够反映生物组织的电导率变化信息,达到对病变组织进行早期诊断的目的。将MAT-MI与内窥检测技术相结合,则可直接检测生物腔体组织(如鼻腔、消化道以及血管等)病变的情况,为腔体组织疾病的诊断和治疗提供更及时可靠的依据。在分析MAT-MI的成像原理的基础上,对其正/逆问题的研究现状进行综述,并探讨内窥感应式磁声成像的可行性以及所面临的技术难点。     

感应式磁声成像中的磁热声效应研究

探究感应式磁声成像中的磁热声效应, 分析磁声声源与热声声源分布及幅值特征。建立磁声及热声声源表达式, 数值仿真多层电导率仿真模型的感应电流分布、磁声+热声声源分布及声压信号, 对两种声源分布及重建结果进行比较。为验证仿真结果, 建立磁声成像实验平台, 采用导电橡胶圈仿体分别开展磁声和热声圆周扫描实验, 并对磁声和热声信号幅值和声源重建结果进行比较分析。仿真结果表明, 磁声声源分布集中在电导率边界处, 而热声声源分布展宽, 并且在边界和内部均有分布;磁声声源的最大值是热声声源的15倍。实验结果表明, 热声声压信号峰-峰值是混合信号的1/4。热声信号重建的声源图像在边界处更模糊, 磁声信号的声源重建图像边界清晰但存在伪影。仿真和实验结果均证明, 磁声成像中同时存在热声效应。从热声声源的分布及热声信号与磁声信号的幅值关系中可见, 热声效应在一定程度上会对磁声成像结果产生影响。     

Chirp编码激励磁声成像信号处理方法研究

目的磁声信号信噪比低限制了磁声成像的图像质量,本研究提出Chirp脉冲编码激励的磁声成像信号处理方法,以提高磁声信号信噪比,缩短信号处理时间。方法本研究通过仿真计算和磁声信号的实验测量,对不同脉冲宽度的Chirp信号编码激励的磁声信号进行了研究。结果对于体外实验猪肉与金属丝模型,编码激励明显提高磁声信号信噪比,10μs、50μs、100μs的Chirp激励,磁声信号信噪比相比于单脉冲激励分别提高7. 65倍、42倍和90. 1倍。同时处理时间明显缩短,100μs的Chirp激励下处理时间相比于单脉冲平均方法处理时间缩短为原来的1. 2%。结论本研究的脉冲编码处理方法对于提高磁声信号信噪比,改善成像质量,提高整体成像效率,具有重要意义。     

Automatic detection method of P300 waveform in the single sweep records by using a neural network

Event-related potentials (ERPs) are responses related to the recognition of certain stimuli. P300 is the most important positive component in the ERP and appears around 300 ms after the target stimulus in the oddball paradigm. In our previous work, we proposed a method for the automatic detection of the P300 waveform in single-sweep records by using a correlation technique. However, determination of the threshold values of the P300 waveform for the correlation study was not an easy task. In skirting this problem, we developed an automatic method of detecting a single-sweep P300 waveform by using an artificial neural network. We selected appropriate characteristic parameters of positive peaks as input signals for the input layer units, and the weights between the layers were determined by using the back-propagation algorithm. The neural network for P300 detection was obtained automatically, based on the data of ERPs obtained from 11 healthy males, and gave substantial accuracy for P300 detection. Furthermore, by using this neural network we clarified the way in which the P300 waveform is judged visually by each inspector.     

QRS波群检测方法的新进展

QRS波群检测是心脏病诊断和心电监护的重要方法。本文较全面地阐述了近年来 QRS波群检测的几种实现的方法 ,并分析比较了各种方法的基本理论、实现过程和特点     

表面肌电信号的分析与应用

表面肌电信号的检测是一种无创电检测方法 ,它的检测分析对临床诊断及康复医学、运动医学等具有重要意义。本文介绍了表面肌电的信号分析方法 (时域分析法、频域分析法、时频分析法及人工神经网络等方法 ) ,并介绍了表面肌电信号检测分析技术的应用状况和前景展望     

Application of a modified two-point backward difference to sequential event detection in surface electromyography

Reliable detection of onset and termination of muscle contraction is an essential task in the analysis of surface electromyographic signals. An event detection method that can be used for sequential detection of both onset and termination of muscle contraction is described. The method builds on the techniques of envelope detection, two-point backward difference and threshold based decision making. Therefore, fast conventional digital signal processing techniques can be used in its implementation. Because the method is computationally efficient, it can be employed in both real-time and non-real-time applications. This text discusses the architecture of the method, considers the practical aspects of its implementation, analyses its computational complexity and evaluates its performance on the grounds of experimental results.     

基于VTK的医用直线加速器运动碰撞检测

目的解决医用直线加速器构件治疗运动过程中碰撞问题。方法利用可视化工具包(VTK)的管道机制、丰富的类库接口函数及模型变换的特性,在VC++6.0平台上设计了一种基于方向包围盒(OBB)的碰撞检测算法来预测医用直线加速器运动碰撞。结果在实现了加速器三维模型运动模拟的基础上,针对几种典型的碰撞情形进行了测试对比,碰撞检测可以实时完成,预测碰撞结果与实际经验相符合。结论该算法实现了医用直线加速器实时精确的碰撞检测,对于辅助放射治疗计划设计和治疗实施有着重要的意义。     

乳腺检测的高精度EIT系统的设计

目的 设计用于乳腺检测的多通道串并结合处理的高精度电阻抗断层成像数据采集系统.方法 以ADuC845为控制核心,机械开关与模拟开关相结合的办法设计并实现高精度、多模式16电极电阻抗断层成像（EIT）硬件系统,编写上位机软件平台用于数据的通讯与处理.结果 使用该系统进行了初步的成像实验,取得了较好的成像结果.结论 采用多通道高精度EIT系统进行乳腺检测是可行的,且可作为一种辅助手段应用于乳腺疾病的诊断与治疗.     

多路电视腹腔镜图像数字化处理系统的设计与实现

目的设计多路电视腹腔镜图像数字化处理系统。方法通过VC++建立模版,设计程序。软件设计对多床位视频信号实时进行采集、同时显示,同时对各路视频进行动态录制、保存。模块包括视频流截获模块、视频窗口的创建和显示、视频显示的切换、录像和拍照模块、视频回放模块、报告编辑保存打印模块、查询模块、图像处理模块。结果可以对多床位视频信号进行实时采集、能同时进行显示,能同时对各路视频进行动态录制、保存,能根据医生的需要,即时拍下对应床位的图片并能对图片进行处理。结论该系统较现行的腹腔镜数字图像处理系统先进,腹腔镜图像实现数字化。     

Application of optimum linear filter theory to the detection of cortical signals preceding facial movement in cat

Summary Linear filter analysis was used to detect the occurrence of neuroelectric signals in associated noisy background electrical activity by matching a signal template against incoming neuroelectric data. Bach signal to be detected in the neuroelectric data consisted of a gross potential change recorded at the coronal — precruciate cortex of a cat, evoked by an auditory conditional stimulus, and related to the production of a conditioned facial movement. Detection of the occurrence of the signal corresponded closely to detection of the ensuing movement.The operation of the matched filter on the signals in noise was studied for different threshold levels of detection. Threshold settings were selected to maximize successful detections and to minimize false alarms. The results of our experimental detections agreed closely with predicted, theoretical detection levels derived from Wiener's models of optimum detection of signals in additive noise. Levels of detection were found to depend upon the signal to noise ratios and frequency spectra of the analyzed data and could be predicted a priori from a knowledge of the latter on the basis of Wiener's theory. The ability to predict optimum detection levels, by the linear filter method, of cortical electrical signals related to the production of movements may provide a basis for evaluating the merit of such signals in the design of prosthetic devices for motor control.Visiting scientist from Department of Electrical Engineering, Aria Mehr University, Tehran, Iran.     

Lung nodule detection in low-dose and thin-slice computed tomography

A computer-aided detection (CAD) system for the identification of small pulmonary nodules in low-dose and thin-slice CT scans has been developed. The automated procedure for selecting the nodule candidates is mainly based on a filter enhancing spherical-shaped objects. A neural approach based on the classification of each single voxel of a nodule candidate has been purposely developed and implemented to reduce the amount of false-positive findings per scan. The CAD system has been trained to be sensitive to small internal and sub-pleural pulmonary nodules collected in a database of low-dose and thin-slice CT scans. The system performance has been evaluated on a data set of 39 CT containing 75 internal and 27 sub-pleural nodules. The FROC curve obtained on this data set shows high values of sensitivity to lung nodules (80-85% range) at an acceptable level of false positive findings per patient (10-13 FP/scan).     

Design and application research of nucleotide sequence analysis system software

INTRODUCTION　　From integrallevel and celllevel,the research of organism and diseasediagnosishave already entered molecular level.Molecular biology is the science to researchstructure and function of organism macromolecule.Based on differentgene code se-…