膝关节单髁置换胫骨优化截骨设计的生物力学研究

目的 比较膝关节单髁置换术(unicompartmental knee arthroplasty, UKA)常规截骨、保留圆角截骨及全新扩大圆角截骨方法对术后胫骨近端生物力学特性的影响。方法 基于Sawbones胫骨的CT数据,构建完整胫骨模型及不同截骨方式下UKA术后胫骨模型,采用轴向压缩工况对模型进行有限元分析,比较不同模型间胫骨近端应变情况及骨水泥应力差异。结果 在轴向压缩工况下,扩大圆角组其截骨区皮质骨von Mises应变峰值较常规截骨组与保留圆角组有所增加,而松质骨von Mises应变峰值则分别减少24.3%～42.9%、26.0%～48.7%。对比截骨区松质骨与皮质骨von Mises应变峰值差Δε_peak,发现扩大圆角组其Δε_peak远远小于其余两组。UKA后不同模型间胫骨前内侧皮质骨最小主应变无明显差异,但较完整胫骨模型增加23.3%～34.5%。扩大圆角组骨水泥单元平均von Mises应力随着圆角半径增大呈现下降趋势,且整体均小于常规截骨组与保留圆角组。结论 全新扩大圆角截骨方法可使健康骨质条件下胫骨近端应力传递更均匀...     

114例单髁膝关节置换中期疗效及其与学习曲线的关系

目的评估单髁置换术治疗膝关节内侧间室骨性关节炎的中期疗效,分析手术疗效和学习曲线的关系。方法回顾分析2007年4月~2012年12月我科应用第三代牛津单髁关节假体(Oxford phaseⅢ)治疗膝关节内侧间室病变114例患者资料(129膝)。对患者术前、术后HSS评分、关节屈曲角度以及VAS评分进行评估,计算假体中期生存率。将114例患者分为学习曲线组(47例)和成熟组(67例),分析两组间手术时间、术后影像学评分、HSS评分及假体生存率的差异。结果 114例患者随访时间24~92个月,平均(37±13)个月,末次随访时膝关节HSS评分、关节屈曲角度明显增加,疼痛明显缓解,假体中期生存率为88.2%。成熟组手术时间明显缩短、术后影像学评分及术后HSS评分均较学习曲线组更高。学习曲线组假体生存率为86.9%,成熟组为98.7%,两者差异无统计学意义。术后行再次翻修4例(5膝):活动半月板脱位2例、伴股骨假体松动1例,术后膝外翻畸形1例(2膝)。结论应用Oxford phaseⅢ单髁置换治疗膝关节内侧间室骨性关节炎,中期疗效满意。Oxford phaseⅢ单髁置换手术学习曲线需要25例以上经验积累后手术技能趋向稳定。     

活动和固定平台单髁置换术的临床应用进展

单髁置换术(UKA)是指治疗单一间室膝骨关节炎(KOA)的一种微创手术,因其具有手术切口小、术中出血少、术后恢复快等优势,逐渐成为膝骨关节炎阶梯化治疗中的重要环节.临床上应用的UKA假体主要有活动平台(MB)和固定平台(FB)两种,MB-UKA可使膝关节的运动更接近自然生物力学且磨损率低,但易发生垫片脱位及假体撞击等并...     

活动平台单髁假体和固定平台单髁假体治疗膝关节内侧间室骨性关节炎的研究进展

膝关节单髁置换术（UKA）是治疗膝关节单间室骨关节炎（KOA）的重要手术方法。近年来,随着单髁置换术的广泛应用,活动平台（MB）和固定平台（FB）假体的差异比较成为了目前争论的热点。本文综述了活动平台和固定平台植入物治疗膝内侧间室骨关节炎在设计、手术操作、临床结果与功能评分及假体生存率的表现差异,旨在为膝内侧间室终末期骨关节炎患者寻求一种更可靠和安全的治疗方法。     

80岁以上高龄膝关节骨关节炎应用单髁关节置换治疗的临床研究

目的探讨单髁关节置换治疗80岁以上高龄膝关节骨关节炎的手术风险及手术疗效。方法回顾性分析我院2003年1月~2014年6月收治的29例31膝经单髁关节置换治疗的80岁以上高龄膝关节骨关节炎患者的资料。平均年龄(83.4±2.8)岁(80~93岁)。对患者合并疾病、膝关节疼痛、活动度、评分、影像学及手术并发症等进行评估分析,分析单髁关节置换治疗高龄膝关节骨关节炎的临床效果,手术风险及应对方法。结果术后平均随访(25.2±15.0)月(6~59月)。失访1例(1膝),1例(1膝)因非手术相关疾病死亡。围手术期无病例死亡。术后住院时间为(7.0±1.3)天(5~8天)。术后心脏病事件发生1例,血糖波动1例,尿潴留1例。术后血红蛋白(112.7±10.8)g/L,平均较术前下降(14.0±6.9)g/L,输血1例。术后膝关节活动度平均(116.6±8.1)°,与术前活动度相比有统计学差异(0.05)。VAS评分由术前(6.9±0.8)分降至(2.0±0.9)分(0.05)。HSS评分由术前(52.4±10.3)分增至(89.4±4.9)分(0.05)。所有病例无返修、感染、肺栓塞、创伤后精神障碍等并发症发生。结论对于80岁以上高龄膝关节骨关节炎患者,准确手术评估,恰当围手术期处理,选择微创单髁关节置换治疗,不仅有效,而且安全可行。     

膝关节单髁置换术后胫骨平台应力性骨折的原因与诊治进展

随着膝关节单髁置换术（unicompartmental knee arthroplasty, UKA）在全世界的流行,单髁关节置换术的并发症也受到关注。本文主要从胫骨平台骨折的流行病学、危险因素、诊断、治疗方案等方面进行综述,意在为临床医生提供参考,以减少胫骨平台应力性骨折的发生,同时提供合适的治疗方案。     

活动平台单髁膝关节置换胫骨后倾的有限元分析

背景：目前单髁膝关节置换中胫骨假体后倾角度的选择存在较多争议,相关的生物力学研究较少。 目的：通过有限元分析结果寻求活动平台单髁膝关节置换中合理胫骨后倾的角度。 方法：运用三维重建技术及有限元前处理技术建立正常膝关节有限元模型,并进行验证,在此基础上建立不同胫骨假体后倾角度的单髁膝关节置换有限元模型,统一边界条件和载荷,行有限元分析。 结果与结论：成功建立了不同胫骨后倾角度的单髁膝关节置换有限元模型,分析结果发现增大胫骨假体后倾可使胫骨后内侧皮质及松质骨应力逐渐增加,且增大了外侧间室载荷和软骨接触应力,而胫骨前倾使胫骨前内侧皮质应力明显增加。推荐活动平台单髁膝关节置换中选择0°-7°胫骨假体后倾。 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程     

膝关节单髁置换界面应力失效分析

目的 分析骨水泥型胫骨假体平台界面应力,确定界面应力损伤区域,为临床单髁置换胫骨平台的应力失效问题提供参考。方法 通过人体动力学软件模拟完整周期的步态,获得膝关节的承力条件;利用医学影像及三维重建软件建立完整的膝关节模型并进行单髁置换;通过有限元法分析单髁置换后胫骨假体平台界面应力的分布规律。结果 步态下膝关节的力和角度随时间呈周期性变化,1.3 s为1个周期,膝关节合力峰值为760 N;界面最大剪切应力为11.82 MPa、最大拉应力6.849 MPa,均发生在假体-骨水泥界面的内侧前端拐角处;对于界面的最大应力,钛合金假体低于不锈钢假体。结论 假体的弹性模量减小可以降低界面最大主应力,从界面应力考虑,钛合金假体优于不锈钢假体;胫骨假体平台界面损伤区域主要在内侧前、后端拐角和外侧中端处,故提高该区域假体-骨水泥结合能力能防止单髁膝关节胫骨假体平台松动。研究结果对临床中单髁术后胫骨假体平台松动预防具有实际意义。     

活动平台单髁假体的三维有限元模型建立及受力分析

目的为活动平台膝关节单髁置换有限元分析提供一种参数化联合建模方法并分析其受力变化。方法获取1例成年男性正常膝关节的膝部CT扫描,利用Mimics 13.1软件重建膝关节三维模型,通过参数化软件Rhinoceros5.0设计与骨性模型相匹配的单髁假体,导入Mimics 13.1建立膝关节单髁置换三维模型,然后通过Abaqus6.10建立活动平台膝关节单髁置换三维有限元模型,并进行有限元分析皮质骨、松质骨的应力。结果参数化联合建模法效率高,所建模型形态逼真,精确度高,假体置换前后胫骨侧皮质骨应力变化基本一致,置换后胫骨侧松质骨受力主要在假体槽部。结论参数化联合建模法为膝关节单髁置换的生物力学研究提供了有效模型和新的研究思路,在单髁置换治疗膝关节病的临床和科研中将有广泛的应用前景。     

膝关节前交叉韧带断裂单髁置换生物力学特性的有限元分析

目的基于人体膝关节CT和MRI图像建立前交叉韧带(anterior cruciate ligament,ACL)断裂和正常膝关节三维实体模型,采用有限元方法研究ACL断裂膝关节在不同屈膝角度对植入假体生物力学性能的影响。方法结合临床单髁置换手术方案植入第3代牛津单髁(OxfordⅢ)假体,其中胫骨假体后倾7°,建立膝关节屈曲0°、30°、60°、90°和120°单髁置换的三维有限元模型,在股骨中心点上施加1 k N压缩载荷,分析5种屈膝角度下股骨假体、半月板衬垫、胫骨假体的应力分布情况。结果膝关节ACL断裂组与正常组在5种屈膝状态下,半月板衬垫的最大主应力在ACL断裂组与正常组之间最大相差幅度为62. 5%,在0°、30°、60°和120°屈膝状态下ACL断裂组最大应力均大于正常组;股骨假体在ACL断裂30°时的最大应力明显增加,其余4种屈膝状态下应力的最大增幅为60. 81%;胫骨假体在5种屈膝状态下ACL断裂组最大应力比正常组分别增加了19. 07%、36. 78%、25. 69%、-4. 38%、51. 19%。当ACL断裂后,除屈膝90°外半月板衬垫和胫骨假体上的均布应力均大于正常组,在屈膝30°和120°时对半月板衬垫的磨损较大。结论单髁置换假体的应力分布随膝关节屈曲角度和ACL功能的变化而存在差异,ACL断裂组应力整体趋势大于ACL正常组,且应力集中于内侧区域,在屈膝120°时应力最大,磨损最为明显。研究结果为临床膝关节ACL断裂单髁假体置换的手术方案和半月板假体的优化设计提供理论依据。     

牛津单髁置换术应用于单间室部分软骨损伤的疗效研究

目的 评估膝关节单髁置换术治疗部分软骨磨损单间室骨性关节炎的疗效。方法 回顾性分析2008年4月至2019年4月在同济大学附属杨浦医院采用膝关节单髁置换术治疗的102例（115膝）内侧间室软骨部分磨损（PTCL）膝骨性关节炎的患者资料,经匹配年龄、性别、体重指数和随访时间的102例（115膝）软骨全层磨损（FTCL）的患者为对照组。采用OKS评分、AKS评分和疼痛视觉模拟评分（VAS评分）对术前、术后膝关节功能进行评估,X线进行影像学评估。结果 所有患者均获得了完整的随访,术后平均随访（60.0±19.6）个月（24～152个月）。FTCL组和PTCL组患者术后末次随访OKS评分、AKS-Knee评分、AKS-Function评分、VAS评分均较术前明显改善（P<0.05）。术后1年、2年和末次随访,PTCL与FTCL组间OKS评分、AKS-Knee评分、AKS-Function评分、VAS评分比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。共有6膝翻修,FTCL组3膝（2.6%）,PTCL组3膝（2.6%）。结论 不能简单地将PTCL视为膝关节单髁手术禁忌证,应该根据软骨损伤的程...     

Short-term functional advantages after medial unicompartmental versus total knee arthroplasty

Background

There are many uncertainties about the advantages and disadvantages of using unicompartmental (UKA) versus total knee arthroplasty (TKA) to treat patients with knee osteoarthritis. It is important to have sufficient early postoperative quadriceps strength for long-term, self-reported and gait-related outcomes after knee arthroplasty, but very limited comparative data exist regarding UKA and TKA patients.

牛津双柱单髁置换术与全膝关节置换术治疗膝内侧骨关节炎的近中期疗效对比

目的:探讨牛津双柱单髁置换术(UKA)与全膝关节置换术(TKA)治疗膝内侧骨关节炎的近中期疗效。方法:回顾性队列研究。纳入2016年10月—2019年11月安徽医科大学第四附属医院50例膝关节内侧间室骨关节炎患者的临床资料。其中,采用牛津双柱UKA治疗的25例(25膝)为UKA组,男7例、女18例,年龄54～81岁;采...     

Early comparative outcomes of unicompartmental and total knee arthroplasty in severely obese patients

Background

Medial unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) may have advantages over total knee arthroplasty (TKA) in the setting of obesity. There has been no direct comparison between the two cohorts. This study compares outcomes and complications of severely obese patients undergoing medial UKA versus TKA.

Bilateral unicompartmental knee arthroplasty for windswept knee osteoarthritis: A report of 13 cases

BackgroundWindswept deformity is a condition of the lower limbs with a valgus knee on one side and a varus knee on the other. We present a case series of bilateral unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) for windswept knee osteoarthritis (WSKO).MethodsWe analysed the outcomes of 26 knees of 13 consecutive patients with WSKO treated with bilateral UKA. The mean age was 73.0 years and the mean follow up period was 2.6 years. Pre- and postoperative Oxford Knee Score (OKS) and Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score, radiological measurements and postoperative complications were evaluated. No knees required revision for either infection or loosening.ResultsThe mean preoperative OKS was 25.3 ± 9.7, which increased to 34.9 ± 5.8 at the latest follow up. The mean preoperative JOA scores for the varus and the valgus sides were 64.6 ± 12.5 and 66.9 ± 14.1, which increased to 85.0 ± 11.3 and 84.6 ± 11.2, respectively, after operation.ConclusionsOur results show that good short-term clinical results can be achieved by bilateral UKA in cases of WSKO. Bilateral UKA may be an effective treatment for WSKO if indications are met.     

单髁置换术与全膝关节置换术在治疗膝内侧单间室骨性关节炎术后早期关节遗忘度中的比较

目的 比较膝关节单髁置换术（unicompartmental knee arthroplasty, UKA）与全膝人工关节置换术（total knee arthroplasty, TKA）治疗膝内侧单间室骨性关节炎的早期膝关节功能评分与关节遗忘度评分,评价并分析两类术式在早期关节遗忘度评分方面的差异。方法 回顾性分析上海中医药大学附属光华医院关节外科2016年10月至2020年10月期间行全膝关节置换术及膝关节单髁置换术患者共296例,根据不同手术方式进行分组,其中TKA组共144例,UKA组共152例。出院后对患者术后1、3、6、12、24个月进行门诊复查,进行关节遗忘度评分、膝关节功能HSS评分、目测类比评分（VAS评分）。结果 (1)296例患者获得24～37个月的随访,平均随访（30.41±6.93）个月;(2)术后24个月TKA组与UKA组的HSS评分与VAS评分均明显好于术前,组内比较差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）;(3)两组患者术后24个月膝关节VAS评分的改善程度差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）,UKA组的HSS评分改善程度好于TKA组,且差异有统计学意...     

The natural history of radiolucencies following cemented unicompartmental knee arthroplasty at 7 years

IntroductionRadiolucent lines (RLLs) following unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) can be concerning as aseptic loosening remains a cause of failure in UKA. The aim of our study was to report on the history of RLLs surrounding the components in a cemented medial compartment fixed-bearing UKA as well as the long-term functional outcomes in this group of patients.Material and methodsIn this retrospective consecutive case-series, twenty-eight patients (37 knees) were treated with medial, fixed-bearing cemented unicompartmental knee arthroplasty. At average final follow-up of 7.1 years, 36 knees were available for review. Radiographs were taken at six weeks, one year, and final follow up. RLLs were measured using a novel modification to the Knee Society scoring (KSS) system.ResultsAt six-weeks, we identified RLLs in 26 tibias and two femurs out of 37 total knees. At one-year, four additional tibias and both femurs showed some progression of their radiolucencies but were < 2 mm total. At final follow-up, 31 of the 36 tibias (86.1%) and five of the 36 femurs (13.9%) had any RLLs. On the tibial side, RLLs were most common in medial/lateral and anterior/posterior aspects of the tibial tray with few found centrally. On the femoral side, the posterior femoral cut accounted for the most RLLs of any zone at all time points. KSS averaged 93.8 at final follow-up and none of the patients required revision surgery.ConclusionRLLs are common following cemented, fixed-bearing UKA. Many seem to progress slowly up to one year but not thereafter. There does not appear to be any association between the presence of these radiolucencies and long-term follow-up function in this group of patients.     

Impact of joint line orientation on clinical outcomes in bilateral Oxford mobile-bearing unicompartmental knee arthroplasty

BackgroundJoint line orientation angle (JLOA) is the angle between the knee joint line and the floor. It has been reported to be related to postoperative outcome after TKA. Regarding unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA), although it can be horizontal after UKA because it is a resurfacing surgery, there are few reports about the JLOA after UKA and its impact on clinical outcomes.PurposeThe purpose of this study was to reveal the relationship between JLOA and clinical outcome after UKA.MethodsThis study included 106 knees in 53 consecutive patients with osteoarthritis who underwent simultaneous bilateral mobile-bearing UKA. Their pre- and postoperative JLOAs were measured by full-leg-length standing coronal radiographs. We also evaluated the tibial component height (TCH) as the factor which we assumed could influence JLOA. We analyzed the patients’ JLOAs, TCHs and clinical outcomes.ResultsPre- and postoperative JLOA were 0.4 ± 2.4° and 2.7 ± 2.6°, respectively. The JLOA significantly tilted medially (P < 0.0001). The JLOA significantly negatively correlated with the improvement of the clinical outcomes (Oxford Knee Score (OKS): r = 0.40, P < 0.0001, Knee Society Knee Score (KSKS): r = 0.25, P < 0.01, Knee Society Function Score (KSFS): r = 0.22, P = 0.02). The TCH showed a positive correlation with postoperative JLOA and with the postoperative JLOA change (r = 0.45, P < 0.001; r = 0.25, P < 0.01, respectively).ConclusionThe JLOA significantly tilted medially after UKA. An excessive medial tilt of the JLOA was associated with poorer postoperative outcomes of UKA. It is therefore recommended to keep the JLOA horizontal and to avoid a lower tibial cut.