年龄、性别、膳食营养对人血清瘦素的影响

目的:探讨膳食营养及年龄、性别对血清瘦素(leptin,Lep)水平的影响。方法:选取158例17~72岁济南市社区居民作为研究对象,测量其身高、体重,检测其血清Lep浓度,被调查对象连续3d记录其摄入食物种类数量。所有数据用SPSS11.5软件包进行分析。结果:男性血清Lep平均浓度为8.38±6.31ng/ml,而女性血清Lep平均浓度为24.98±13.29ng/ml,女性血清Lep水平明显高于男性,约为男性的2~3倍,统计学意义显著。男性Lep水平和年龄呈正相关,女性Lep水平和年龄没有相关性。膳食营养因素中,校正体重指数(BMI)之前,男性和女性的Lep水平与膳食营养指标均无相关性。校正BMI的影响后,女性血清Lep水平与总脂肪摄入、单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)、多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)相关,而男性血清Lep水平和它们无相关性。结论:女性血清Lep水平明显高于男性。男性血清Lep水平与年龄相关,女性血清Lep与脂肪、MUFA、PUFA摄入相关。     

Maternal concentrations of insulin-like growth factor I and insulin-like growth factor binding protein 1 during pregnancy and birth weight of offspring

Maternal concentrations of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) and insulin-like growth factor binding protein 1 (IGFBP-1) may influence fetal growth. Offspring birth weight related to maternal IGF-I and IGFBP-1 measured in pregnancy was studied in 368 randomly selected women without preeclampsia who delivered a singleton liveborn child in Norway between 1992 and 1994. Maternal IGF-I concentrations were not consistently associated with birth weight, but a 1-standard deviation stronger increase in IGF-I from the first to second trimester was associated with an 82-g (95% confidence interval (CI): 11, 153) higher birth weight. IGFBP-1 concentrations were inversely associated with birth weight: Birth weight was 71 g (95% CI: 14, 128) lower per 1-standard deviation higher IGFBP-1 in the second trimester, and an increase in IGFBP-1 from the first (below median) to second (above median) trimester was associated with a 342-g (95% CI: 124, 560) lower birth weight, compared with having low IGFBP-1 (below median) in both trimesters. Conversely, low IGFBP-1 in both trimesters was associated with a 200-350-g higher birth weight compared with other combinations of IGFBP-1. In conclusion, persistently low IGFBP-1 in pregnancy is associated with relatively higher birth weight. Maternal insulin resistance may provide a link between IGFBP-1 and offspring birth weight.     

Dietary soy and fats in relation to serum insulin-like growth factor-1 and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-3 levels in premenopausal Japanese women

Circulating levels of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) have each been associated with premenopausal breast cancer risks. We analyzed data from a cross-sectional study of 261 premenopausal Japanese women aged 20-54 yr with adequate nutritional status to evaluate the relationships between concentrations of IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 in serum and dietary intakes of soy, fats and other nutrients. Diet was assessed by a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. There was no significant correlation between soy product as well as soy isoflavone intake and serum IGF-1 or IGFBP-3 levels after controlling for age, total energy, percent body fat, and education level. Total fat intake was significantly inversely correlated with serum IGFBP-3 level (r = -0.13, P = 0.04). The correlations of saturated and monounsaturated fats with serum IGFBP-3 were of borderline significance (r = -0.12, P = 0.06 and r = -0.11, P = 0.07, respectively).     

Resistin, adiponectin, ghrelin, leptin, and proinflammatory cytokines: relationships in obesity

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate interactions among leptin, adiponectin, resistin, ghrelin, and proinflammatory cytokines [tumor necrosis factor receptors (TNFRs), interleukin-6 (IL-6)] in nonmorbid and morbid obesity. RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES: We measured these hormones by immunoenzyme or radiometric assays in 117 nonmorbid and 57 morbidly obese patients, and in a subgroup of 34 morbidly obese patients before and 6 months after gastric bypass surgery. Insulin resistance by homeostasis model assessment, lipid profile, and anthropometrical measurements were also performed in all patients. RESULTS: Average plasma lipids in morbidly obese patients were elevated. IL-6, leptin, adiponectin, and resistin were increased and ghrelin was decreased in morbidly obese compared with nonmorbidly obese subjects. After adjusting for age, gender, and BMI in nonmorbidly obese, adiponectin was positively associated with HDLc and gender and negatively with weight (beta = -0.38, p < 0.001). Leptin and resistin correlated positively with soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor (sTNFR) 1 (beta = 0.24, p = 0.01 and beta = 0.28, p = 0.007). In the morbidly obese patients, resistin and ghrelin were positively associated with sTNFR2 (beta = 0.39, p = 0.008 and beta = 0.39, p = 0.01). In the surgically treated morbidly obese group, body weight decreased significantly and was best predicted by resistin concentrations before surgery (beta = 0.45, p = 0.024). Plasma lipids, insulin resistance, leptin, sTNFR1, and IL-6 decreased and adiponectin and ghrelin increased significantly. Insulin resistance improved after weight loss and correlated with high adiponectin levels. DISCUSSION: TNFalpha receptors were involved in the regulatory endocrine system of body adiposity independently of leptin and resistin axis in nonmorbidly obese patients. Our results suggest coordinated roles of adiponectin, resistin, and ghrelin in the modulation of the obesity proinflammatory environment and that resistin levels before surgery treatment are predictive of the extent of weight loss after bypass surgery.     

Lifestyle and dietary correlates of plasma insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1), leptin, and C-peptide: the Multiethnic Cohort

Circulating insulin-like growth factor binding protein 1 (IGFBP-1), leptin, and insulin are 3 proteins modified by obesity and have been associated with cancer at several sites in past studies. We conducted a cross-sectional study to describe the correlation of these proteins with gender, race/ethnicity, anthropometric indexes, and dietary and lifestyle factors. We measured fasting plasma levels of IGFBP-1, leptin, and C-peptide, used here as a stable measure of insulin secretion, in a random sample of 450 male and 352 postmenopausal female Hawaii and Los Angeles Multiethnic Cohort Study (MEC) participants (age range 47-82 yr at blood draw). Through a series of multiple linear regressions, we found that the most parsimonious model for plasma IGFBP-1 included inverse associations with age, body mass index (BMI), and regular soda intake. A term for interaction between age and BMI was positively associated with plasma IGFBP-1. Adjusted mean plasma leptins were highest among Whites and African Americans and lowest among Hawaiians and Japanese Leptin was also inversely associated with age and positively associated with the interaction between age and race/ethnicity, female gender, and BMI. A model with only race/ethnicity and BMI (positive association) was best for plasma C-peptide. Adjusted means for C-peptide were highest for Japanese and Whites and lowest for African Americans. The overall percent of variance in protein levels explained by these models was low for IGFBP-1(R2=0.17) and C-peptide (R(3)=0.11) and higher for leptin (R(2)=0.57). We saw no clear correlation between racial/ethnic trends in protein levels with those of colorectal, breast, or prostate cancer incidence rates in the MEC. Research to clarify factors associated with determination of these proteins and their relationship with cancer etiology is warranted.     

Developmental changes in leptin as a measure of energy status in human infants in a natural ecologic setting

BACKGROUND: Most human research on leptin has involved well-nourished subjects or clinical states such as anorexia nervosa or cancer cachexia. OBJECTIVE: We studied the development of leptin as a monitor of energy status in young African infants whose growth patterns probably reflect the evolutionary norm. DESIGN: We enrolled a prospective birth cohort of 138 rural Gambian mother-infant pairs. Plasma leptin was analyzed in maternal blood in late pregnancy, in cord blood, and at 8, 16, and 52 wk in the infants. Body mass index (BMI; in kg/m2) was used as a proxy for fatness. The mothers were lean (BMI: 21.6+/-2.5), and the infants grew poorly compared with Western standards (average weight-for-age z score of -1.9 at 52 wk). RESULTS: Maternal and cord blood leptin and birth weight were all positively correlated. Throughout infancy, leptin was highly correlated with BMI. A strong sex difference existed at birth (ie, leptin concentrations were significantly higher in females than in males), disappeared at 8 wk, and reappeared at 16 and 52 wk. Absolute leptin concentrations declined by almost 90% from birth to 52 wk, but leptin's ability to discriminate across a range of BMI values improved with age. In early infancy, leptin concentrations were uncorrelated with recent changes in BMI, but, by 52 wk, leptin was able to assess both the size of energy stores and the direction of recent changes. CONCLUSIONS: Leptin concentrations signal energy status from fetal life onward. As infancy progresses, leptin's power to discriminate both chronic and dynamic energy status increases, and this discrimination is achieved at much lower circulating peptide concentrations.     

Lifestyle and Dietary Correlates of Plasma Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein-1 (IGFBP-1), Leptin,and C-Peptide: The Multiethnic Cohort

Circulating insulin-like growth factor binding protein 1 (IGFBP-1), leptin, and insulin are 3 proteins modified by obesity and have been associated with cancer at several sites in past studies. We conducted a cross-sectional study to describe the correlation of these proteins with gender, race/ethnicity, anthropometric indexes, and dietary and lifestyle factors. We measured fasting plasma levels of IGFBP-1, leptin, and C-peptide, used here as a stable measure of insulin secretion, in a random sample of 450 male and 352 postmenopausal female Hawaii and Los Angeles Multiethnic Cohort Study (MEC) participants (age range 47–82 yr at blood draw). Through a series of multiple linear regressions, we found that the most parsimonious model for plasma IGFBP-1 included inverse associations with age, body mass index (BMI), and regular soda intake. A term for interaction between age and BMI was positively associated with plasma IGFBP-1. Adjusted mean plasma leptins were highest among Whites and African Americans and lowest among Hawaiians and Japanese Leptin was also inversely associated with age and positively associated with the interaction between age and race/ethnicity, female gender, and BMI. A model with only race/ethnicity and BMI (positive association) was best for plasma C-peptide. Adjusted means for C-peptide were highest for Japanese and Whites and lowest for African Americans. The overall percent of variance in protein levels explained by these models was low for IGFBP-1(R² = 0.17) and C-peptide (R² = 0.11) and higher for leptin (R² = 0.57). We saw no clear correlation between racial/ethnic trends in protein levels with those of colorectal, breast, or prostate cancer incidence rates in the MEC. Research to clarify factors associated with determination of these proteins and their relationship with cancer etiology is warranted.     

Relation of cord serum levels of growth hormone,insulin-like growth factors,insulin-like growth factor binding proteins,leptin, and interleukin-6 with birth weight,birth length,and head circumference in term and preterm neonates

OBJECTIVES: Fetal growth process is governed by multiple factors. We investigated the relation of insulin-like growth factors (IGFs), IGF binding proteins (IGFBPs), leptin, and interleukin-6 (IL-6) with intrauterine growth in preterm and term neonates. METHODS: Thirty-eight preterm and 43 term neonates were recruited. Anthropometric measures were recorded and umbilical cord blood samples were collected at birth. RESULTS: Birth weight (BW), birth length (BL), ponderal index, head circumference (HC), and cord serum levels of albumin, prealbumin, retinol-binding protein (RBP), total and free IGF-I, IGF-II, IGFBP-3, acid-labile subunit (ALS), and leptin were significantly lower, whereas levels of IGFBP-1, IGFBP-2, and IL-6 were significantly higher in preterm than in term neonates (P < 0.05). Total and free IGF-I, ALS, and leptin had significantly positive correlations, whereas IGFBP-2 had a significantly negative correlation, with BW and BL in preterm plus term neonates. Forward stepwise multivariate regression analysis showed that gestational age (GA), IGFBP-2, leptin, and free IGF-I are significant predictors of BW; GA, IGFBP-2, ALS, transferrin, and leptin are significant predictors of BL; and GA and free IGF-I are significant predictors of HC in preterm and term neonates. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that IGF-I, IGF-II, IGFBP-2, ALS, and leptin play important roles in intrauterine growth.     

Influence of maternal serum levels of vitamins C and E during the second trimester on birth weight and length

OBJECTIVE: It has been known that maternal oxidative stress during pregnancy plays an important role in fetal growth. However, the association between antioxidant vitamin levels and birth outcomes is not conclusive. We investigated the relationship between maternal serum levels of vitamins C and E during the second trimester and birth weight and length. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SETTING: Outpatient-clinic of obstetrics, Ewha Womans University Hospital, South Korea. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The study subjects were 239 healthy, pregnant women who visited an obstetric clinic for antenatal care, and their singleton live births, in Seoul, Korea, between August 2001 and March 2003. We measured the levels of vitamins C and E in maternal serum during the period 24-28 gestational weeks. Each woman was interviewed for dietary intake by trained interviewers during the second trimester. RESULTS: The serum concentration of maternal vitamin C during the second trimester was significantly associated with birth weight and length in the group of full-term deliveries. An increase of 1 microg/ml in the serum vitamin C level increased the birth weight by 27.2 g and the birth length by 0.17 cm. When we considered the levels of vitamins C and E together in the relationship with birth weight and length, we found that the heaviest birth weight and the longest birth length belonged to the group of upper vitamin C/upper vitamin E. However, dietary intake estimated by 24-h recall method was not a predictor of the levels of serum vitamins C and E. CONCLUSION: We found that maternal serum vitamin C levels during the second trimester were positively correlated with birth weight and length in full-term babies. We also found that birth weight and length were highest when the levels of both vitamins C and E were high. Our results indicate the importance of antioxidant nutrient balance for pregnant women who are exposed to various oxidants through food, drinking water, or inhaled air.     

城市居民血清瘦素水平与体质指数、血脂和胰岛素关系的研究

目的　测量城市居民血清瘦素 (leptin)水平并探讨其与体质指数 (BMI)、血脂、胰岛素的关系。方法　选取 15 8例 17～ 72岁济南市社区居民作为研究对象 ,测量其身高、体重、腰围 (W)、臀围 (H) ,检测其血清胰岛素、血脂、血清leptin水平。结果　 15 8名城市居民血清leptin水平为 (17. 4 7± 13. 5 2 )ng ml,男性血清leptin水平为 (8.38± 6 . 31)ng ml,女性血清leptin水平为 (2 4. 98± 13. 2 9)ng ml。Leptin与BMI、腰围、臀围呈显著正相关 ,与腰臀比 (WHR)没有相关性 ;女性leptin与WHR相关 ;男性和女性血清leptin水平和胰岛素水平均无相关性 ;男性载脂蛋白B(ApoB)和leptin呈正相关 ,女性的总胆固醇 (TC)、低密度脂蛋白 (LDL- c)与leptin呈正相关。结论　BMI是影响血清leptin水平的重要因素。男性ApoB和leptin有相关性 ,女性的TC、LDL- c与leptin呈正相关。胰岛素、血脂、与leptin的关系均受性别的影响。     

Effect of nucleotide intake and nutritional recovery on insulin-like growth factor I and other hormonal biomarkers in severely malnourished children

The objective of the present study is to demonstrate the effect of nucleotide intake and intensive nutritional support on the concentration of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) and other hormonal biomarkers in severely malnourished children. Twenty-six severely malnourished children < 48 months of age received formula without lactose via enteral feeding for 2 weeks and ad libitum for an additional 2 weeks. Anthropometrical measurements were performed and serum concentrations of IGF-I, insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3), leptin, soluble leptin receptor (sOB-R), as well as the estimated molar excess of sOB-R over leptin were obtained. Two groups were formed. One group received formula with nucleotides (NT+; n 13) and the other without nucleotides (NT-; n 13). A control group was included (n 13). Parametric and non-parametric tests as well as ANOVA models were used. Nutritional recovery, nucleotides intake, type of malnutrition, age and the interaction between gender and malnutrition influenced the concentration of IGF-I (P < 0.001). Nutritional recovery, nucleotides intake, gender and type of malnutrition had an effect on IGFBP-3 (P < 0.001). Nutritional recovery had a significant effect on serum leptin (P = 0.001). Age and nutritional recovery had an effect on sOB-R (P < 0.001); all variables included affected the molar excess of sOB-R over leptin (P < 0.001). In conclusion, nucleotide intake and nutritional recovery had a notable effect on IGF-I, IGFBP-3 and other hormonal biomarkers. This outcome could stimulate the catch-up growth of severely malnourished infants and toddlers during the nutritional recovery period.     

非营养性吸吮对早产儿血清IGF-1、IGFBP-3及生长发育的影响

目的:探讨非营养性吸吮对早产儿血清IGF-1、IGFBP-3及生长发育的影响。方法:以2008年9月～2009年8月收治的早产儿60例为研究对象,随机分为非营养性吸吮(NNS)组和对照组,采用ELISA法测定生后第1天开奶前及生后第3天、第7天、第14天血清IGF-1、IGFBP-3水平,同时记录生长发育指标(头围、身长)。结果:①NNS组血清IGF-1、IGFBP-3水平在生后第7、14天高于对照组(P<0.05)。②与对照组相比,NNS组第14天头围、体重增长差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。③血清IGF-1与头围、体重增长呈正相关(r=0.684,P<0.01;r=0.656,P<0.01),与血清IGFBP-3水平呈正相关(r=0.659,P<0.01)。结论:NNS能提高血清IGF-1、IGFBP-3水平,加快早产儿的生长发育。     

Overnourishing pregnant adolescent ewes preserves perirenal fat deposition in their growth-restricted fetuses

Overnourishing the adolescent sheep promotes rapid maternal growth at the expense of the gravid uterus. The growth of the placenta is impaired and results in the premature delivery of low-birthweight lambs. The present study details fetal adipose tissue development in these growth-restricted pregnancies. Singleton pregnancies were established by embryo transfer and, thereafter, adolescent ewes were offered a high (H; n = 12) or moderate (M; n = 14) level of a complete diet until necropsy on Day 131 of gestation. Fetal weight was lower (P < 0.001) in H compared with M groups. High maternal intake preserved brain and perirenal fat weight (P < 0.003), whereas relative weights of the heart, lungs, spleen and liver were unaltered. High nutrient intake resulted in significantly elevated maternal plasma concentrations of insulin, leptin, prolactin and glucose, no significant changes in fetal insulin, leptin or non-esterified fatty acids and attenuated fetal prolactin concentrations. Irrespective of nutritional intake, maternal plasma leptin, prolactin and glucose concentrations were negatively correlated with fetal weight and were positively correlated with fetal perirenal fat proportion (all P < 0.01). The mRNA expression for leptin, prolactin receptor and uncoupling protein (UCP) 1 in fetal perirenal fat was equivalent between groups, but, irrespective of maternal nutrition, UCP1 mRNA levels were negatively correlated with fetal weight (P < 0.01). Thus, overnourishing pregnant adolescent sheep preserves fat deposition in their growth-restricted fetuses, which may have implications for neonatal thermogenesis and for programming of postnatal adiposity.     

Maternal Serum Albumin Redox State Is Associated with Infant Birth Weight in Japanese Pregnant Women

Background: Plasma albumin (ALB) reflects protein nutritional status in rats, but it is not clear whether it is associated with dietary protein insufficiency in pregnant women and/or their risk of low birth weight delivery. This study aimed to investigate whether maternal serum ALB redox state reflects maternal protein nutritional status and/or is associated with infant birth weights. Methods: The relationship between the serum reduced ALB ratio and infant birth weight was examined in an observational study of 229 Japanese pregnant women. A rat model simulating fetal growth restriction, induced by protein-energy restriction, was used to elucidate the relationship between maternal nutritional status, maternal serum ALB redox state, and birth weight of the offspring. Results: In the human study, serum reduced ALB ratio in the third trimester was significantly and positively correlated with infant birth weight. In the rat study, serum reduced ALB ratio and birth weight in the litter decreased as the degree of protein-energy restriction intensified, and a significant and positive correlation was observed between them in late pregnancy. Conclusions: Maternal serum reduced ALB ratio in the third trimester is positively associated with infant birth weight in Japanese pregnant women, which would be mediated by maternal protein nutritional status.     

Vitamin E: maternal concentrations are associated with fetal growth

BACKGROUND: Few data exist on the effects of the 2 most abundant isomers of vitamin E (alpha- and gamma-tocopherols) on fetal growth. OBJECTIVE: We measured maternal plasma concentrations of alpha- and gamma-tocopherols and examined their relation with measures of fetal growth. We also examined the relation, controlled for associated maternal factors, of diet and supplement use to tocopherol concentrations at week 28 of gestation. DESIGN: A cohort of 1231 gravid women from Camden, NJ, was studied from entry to care (16.0 +/- 0.15 wk gestation); plasma tocopherol concentrations were measured at entry and at week 28. RESULTS: Plasma concentrations of alpha-tocopherol at entry and at week 28 were positively related to increased fetal growth (birth weight for gestation), a decreased risk of small-for-gestational-age births, and an increased risk of large-for-gestational-age births. Concentration of alpha-tocopherol at week 28 was positively related to use of prenatal multivitamins and dietary intake of vitamin E; concentration of gamma-tocopherol was related positively to dietary fat intake and negatively to multivitamin use. CONCLUSION: Early and late circulating concentrations of alpha-tocopherol are positively associated with fetal growth.     

肥胖儿童饮食特点及其血液生化改变

目的 :　探讨肥胖儿童饮食特点和不同体重儿童血清瘦素水平及其相关的糖类和脂肪代谢改变。方法 :　随机筛取门诊体检儿童 1 0 0名 ,单纯性肥胖儿童 80名 ,年龄 6至 1 3岁 ,性别不限 ,无明显器质性疾病 ,测量身高、体重 ,收集肥胖儿童饮食资料 ,测血清瘦素、C肽、血糖、血脂 (甘油三酯、胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇 )。按体质指数 (BMI)值将受试儿童分为正常体重儿童组 (A组 ) ,超重轻肥胖组 (B组 ) ,中重度肥胖组 (C组 )。比较各组血清瘦素、C肽、血糖、血脂值的变化 ,并将瘦素与各指标及主要指标进行简单和多元相关分析。结果 :　 5 2名肥胖儿童的饮食问卷资料中 65 .3 8%喜食肉类 ,3 8.46%不喜欢吃蔬菜 ;晚餐食量最多者占 42 .3 1 %。1 45例受试儿童有完整实验数据。肥胖儿童身高和体重明显超出正常体重儿童。中重度肥胖儿童血清瘦素、C肽、血糖、血脂 (甘油三酯 )明显升高 (P<0 .0 5 ) ;A,B两组女童血清瘦素水平明显高于同组别男童。简单相关分析结果表明 ,瘦素与 C肽、BMI、血脂综合指数 (LCI)明显相关 ;瘦素与 C肽、BMI、LCI的复合相关系数为 0 .74,标准偏回归系数 b BMI为 0 .73。结论 :　肥胖儿童表观生长发育及瘦素等指标均超出正常体重儿童。中重度肥胖儿童在血清瘦素升?     

胰岛素样生长因子及其结合蛋白与妊娠期高血压疾病的相关性研究

目的:研究妊娠期高血压疾病患者血清胰岛素样生长因子-1(IGF-1)、胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白-1(IGFBP-1)的水平与病情程度及新生儿出生体重之间的关系。方法:采用放射免疫方法测定并比较38例妊娠期高血压疾病患者与38例正常血压妊娠妇女的血清IGF-1、IGFBP-1的水平。结果:子痫前期组IGF-1显著低于妊娠期高血压组和正常组,而IGFBP-1水平显著高于妊娠期高血压组和正常组;妊娠期高血压组与正常组间IGF-1、IGFBP-1的水平比较,差异均无统计学意义。IGF-1水平与收缩压、舒张压及平均动脉压呈显著负相关,与新生儿出生体重呈显著正相关,而IGFBP-1与收缩压、舒张压及平均动脉压呈显著正相关,与新生儿出生体重呈显著负相关。结论:妊娠期高血压疾病患者的发病及严重程度与IGF-1、IGFBP-1有明显的关系,IGF-1、IGFBP-1与胎儿的发育及新生儿出生体重有明显的相关性。     

Markers of fetal growth and serum levels of insulin-like growth factor (IGF) I, -II and IGF binding protein 3 in adults

Fetal growth has been linked with increased risk of cancer and cardiovascular disease later in life. The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) axis has recently been proposed as a predictor of risk of subsequent cancer and cardiovascular disease. However, only few data are available on the possible association between fetal growth and levels of IGFs later in life. We examined the association between markers of fetal growth, i.e. birth weight, birth length and Ponderal Index, from birth records and serum IGF-I, IGF-II, and IGF binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3) levels in 545 middle-aged Danish men and women. We fitted separate multivariate models including birth weight, birth length, Ponderal Index and serum IGF-I, IGF-II, and IGFBP-3, respectively. After adjustment for age, alcohol intake, smoking, diabetes mellitus, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, serum total cholesterol and current height and weight, we found negative associations between birth weight and Ponderal Index, respectively, and serum IGF-II in men, i.e. the mean regression coefficients were -49.41 (95% CI: -87.06-11.77) (microg/l)/kg and -3.49 (95% CI: -6.73-0.25) (microg/l)/(kg/m3), respectively. Furthermore, in men birth weight was negatively associated with the (IGF-I + IGF-II)/IGFBP-3 and IGF-II/IGFBP-3 ratios, which are believed to be indicators of bioavailable IGF and IGF-II, respectively. However, no other associations were found in any of the models. Between 1 and 16% of the variance in serum IGF-I, IGF-II, and IGFBP-3, respectively, could be explained by the statistical models used in the analyses. We found very little support to the hypothesis of an association between fetal growth and the IGF axis throughout life.     

新生儿瘦素水平动态变化与胰岛素样生长因子—Ⅰ、胰岛素及生长激素关系研究

目的:探讨新生儿期血清瘦素、胰岛素样生长因子—Ⅰ(IGF-I)、胰岛素、生长激素水平变化及其对新生儿生长发育的影响。方法:采用放射免疫法检测100例正常足月人工喂养新生儿脐静脉和静脉血瘦素、IGF-I、胰岛素和生长激素水平,并按采血时间分为初生脐血组、早期新生儿组(生后4~6天)和晚期新生儿组(生后25~28天),采用新生儿体重、身长和R I指数评估新生儿生长发育情况。结果:脐血瘦素水平与IGF-I、胰岛素、生长激素水平和出生体重呈正相关,r值分别为0.45、0.374、0.56和0.646(P均<0.01);早期新生儿组血清瘦素水平(0.45±0.38)μg/L显著低于初生脐血组(8.51±5.64)μg/L,其下降值与此期间IGF-I的下降值呈显著正相关(r=0.28),而与胰岛素、生长激素和新生儿体重的下降值无关:晚期新生儿瘦素水平(1.83±0.73)μg/L回升,高于早期新生儿水平(P<0.01),其增长值与血清IGF-I、胰岛素、生长激素以及体重的增长值呈显著正相关,r值分别为0.45、0.384、0.289、0.484(P<0.01~0.05)。结论:新生儿期血清瘦素水平的动态变化与体重、血清IGF-I、胰岛素和生长激素水平有一定相关性,提示瘦素对新生儿期生长发育和能量代谢方面发挥重要作用;瘦素可能通过营养物质—胰岛素—IGF-1—生长激素内分泌轴共同调控新生儿生长发育。     

IGF-1, IGFBP-3, and nutritional factors in young black and white men: the CARDIA Male Hormone Study

Nutritional factors might play a role in regulating serum levels of insulin-like growth factors (IGFs), which are associated with some cancers. We examined the associations of nutritional factors with IGF-1 and IGF binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3). Serum IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 levels and dietary intake were measured in 459 black and 682 white male subjects of the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults study at the Year 7 (1992-1993) exam. Analysis of covariance and multivariable linear regression were used to assess associations of IGFs with dietary factors by race. IGF-1 was positively associated with magnesium in both black and white men (P = 0.008 and 0.05, respectively). Calcium was positively significantly related to IGF-1 in black men (P = 0.04) and marginally so in white men (P = 0.09). In black men, IGFBP-3 was positively associated with magnesium (P = 0.02), and one serving of milk per day was associated with an 8.23-ng/ml higher IGF-1 concentration (P = 0.05). Tests for interaction, however, revealed no differences between blacks and whites in the associations of nutrients with IGF-1 or IGFBP-3. In conclusion, the associations of dietary factors with serum IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 observed in our study corroborate those from other studies and generally do not differ between black and white men.