CT导向椎间孔镜技术治疗腰椎间盘突出症术后MR评价

目的 探讨MRI检查对评价CT导向椎间孔镜技术（PTED）治疗腰椎间盘突出症术后疗效的应用价值.方法 回顾性分析接受PTED治疗腰椎间盘突出症175例患者MR图像.测量手术前及术后硬膜外压痕值、计算椎间隙高度率、对比手术前及术后椎间孔及侧隐窝狭窄发生率,相关数据进行统计学分析.结果 术前硬膜外压痕纵轴值（8.2±3.0）mm.术后6月硬膜外压痕纵轴值（2.0±2.7）mm,椎间盘还纳值（6.1±2.5）mm.术后12月硬膜外压痕纵轴值（1.7±3.2）mm,椎间盘还纳值（6.4±2.6）mm.术后椎间盘还纳值与日本骨科协会下腰痛评分标准（JOA评分）值呈正相关性.术前、术后椎间孔及侧隐窝狭窄发生率差异有显著性（P＜0.01）.术前、术后椎间隙高度率差异无显著性（P＞0.05）.结论 MRI检查能够有效评价PTED治疗椎间盘突出症临床疗效,具有重要指导价值.     

三维螺旋CT对骨性椎间孔解剖测量分析

目的 探讨腰椎间盘突出症(lumbar disc herniation, LDH)患者与正常人群椎间孔三维CT数据，为临床椎间孔镜手术减压范围提供解剖依据。方法 选取我院行腰椎三维CT检查的LDH患者60例(为突出组)与同期60例体检腰椎正常者(为正常组)的CT影像资料，在腰椎三维CT图像定位二维矢状面图像对L4-5节段椎间隙高度、两侧腰椎间孔高度、椎间孔宽度、椎间孔面积进行测量。结果 L4-5突出组腰椎椎间隙高度(6.992±1.889) mm,两侧平均椎间孔高度(18.664±2.309) mm,椎间孔宽度(8.327±1.026) mm,椎间孔面积(116.445±19.414) mm²;L4-5正常组腰椎椎间隙高度、两侧平均椎间孔高度、宽度、面积分别为(9.628±1.745) mm、(20.069±2.017) mm,(9.070±1.255) mm,(161.083±25.545) mm²,L4-5节段突出组与正常组椎间孔三维参数相比明显变小，差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 L4-5节段突出症患者骨性椎间孔高度、宽度...     

椎间植骨融合术联合关节突螺钉瞄准器治疗老年腰椎间盘突出症合并腰椎骨折

目的分析椎间植骨融合术联合关节突螺钉瞄准器治疗老年腰椎间盘突出症合并腰椎骨折的临床效果。方法选择2014年6月—2016年6月南京中医药大学附属南京市中西医结合医院收治的140例腰椎间盘突出合并腰椎骨折的老年患者,根据治疗方案不同分为对照组和观察组各70例。对照组男性40例,女性30例;平均年龄(69.5±6.7)岁。观察组男性38例,女性32例;平均年龄(70.4±5.9)岁。对照组选择椎间植骨融合术联合常规椎弓根螺钉系统固定术治疗,观察组选择椎间植骨融合术联合关节突螺钉瞄准器治疗,比较两组切口长度、手术时间、术中出血量和切口引流量,术后48h的疼痛程度,术前、术后及随访12个月的椎间隙高度及螺钉位置、围术期并发症发生率。结果两组切口长度、手术时间、术中出血量和切口引流量比较差异无统计学意义[(4.8±0.6)cm vs.(4.7±0.9)cm,(124.6±35.7)min vs.(132.4±42.5)min,(215.9±42.3)m L vs.(242.3±52.7)m L,(352.8±76.5)m L vs.(389.6±85.7)m L]。观察组术后48h疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)显著低于对照组[(3.5±0.8)vs.(4.8±1.3),P=0.028]。术后两组椎间隙高度明显增加,随访12个月椎间隙高度较术后减小,观察组术后和随访高度均显著大于对照组[(11.2±2.4)mm vs.(10.5±2.2)mm,P=0.036;(10.9±2.6)mm vs.(9.2±2.5)mm,P=0.031]。观察组螺钉位置I型比例显著高于对照组(90.0%vs.75.7%,P=0.025)。观察组手术并发症发生率显著低于对照组(5.7%vs.17.1%,P=0.034),随访12个月椎间融合及椎体稳定性显著高于对照组(92.9%vs.80.0%,P=0.026),JOA评分改善率显著高于对照组[(87.8±7.9)%vs.(56.9±13.2)%,P=0.000]。结论椎间植骨融合术联合关节突螺钉瞄准器治疗老年腰椎间盘突出合并腰椎骨折有较好的临床效果。     

多层螺旋CT自动毫安技术对腰椎患者扫描剂量减少的可行性研究

目的 探讨MSCT Z轴自动毫安(ATCM)调制扫描技术对患者腰椎CT扫描剂量减少的可行性.方法 对48例腰椎间盘突出症患者分椎间盘介入术前检查及术后复查2组,进行L3～S1相同覆盖范围MSCT检查.术前检查组采用常规固定320 mAs(FM组),术后复查组采用噪声指数为12.0 HU的Z轴ATCM技术(ATCM组).分别选择L3～4、L4～5、L5～S1椎间盘平面作为观察平面,对2种毫安技术的图像质量、图像噪声和辐射剂量进行统计学分析.图像质量评分、辐射剂量比较采用配对t检验,图像噪声比较采用单因素方差分析.结果 FM组的剂量长度乘积(DLP)平均为(273.4±45.4)mGy·cm,ATCM组为(187.9±66.4)mGy·cm,ATCM组比FM组降低31.3%(t=8.205,P<0.05);FM组的3个椎间盘平面图像噪声变异分别为(9.8±2.4)、(9.9±2.4)、(11.5±3.2)HU,ATCM组分别为(12.0±0.8)、(11.7±0.6)、(11.7±1.4)HU,ATCM组的图像噪声变异小于FM组(F=23.31,P<0.05);FM组3个椎间盘平面的图像质量评分分别为(4.7±0.3)、(4.5±0.2)、(4.5±0.2)分,ATCM组分别为(4.6±0.3)、(4.5±0.2)、(4.5±0.2)分,两组图像质量评分差异无统计学意义(t=1.000,P>0.05).结论 使用噪声指数为12.0 HU的ATCM技术,在保证图像质量的情况下可以降低辐射剂量约31.3%.     

引起骨皮质浸蚀的腰椎盘脱出的CT诊断

自应用第3代高分辨力CT以来,已能对腰椎间盘脱出作出正确诊断。其主要CT改变;1)椎间盘边缘局部突出;2)椎管内及椎间孔乃至椎间孔外见有异常脱出软组织阴影;3)比CT值50～100HU硬膜囊高的吸收值;4)硬膜外脂肪阴影     

经皮穿刺腰椎椎间固定融合术的初步临床应用

目的 探讨经皮穿刺腰椎椎间固定融合术的可行性、技术要点、手术适应证和临床效果.方法 回顾性分析32例经皮穿刺腰椎椎间固定融合术患者的临床资料.32例患者中男、女各16例,年龄31～77岁;病程平均(5.0±2.0)年,手术采用经皮穿刺腰椎间盘髓核摘除术对椎间盘减压后,用括匙将上下软骨终板破坏,将1枚可膨胀的椎间融合器B-Twin斜向置入椎间隙内形成固定的支架,然后在周围植骨,以保证椎体间的稳定效果.治疗的适应证:(1)退变性椎间盘膨出伴有椎体不稳和Ⅰ度滑脱21例;(2)退变性椎间盘膨出伴有轻、中度椎间隙狭窄10例;(3)盘源性腰痛1例.疗效评定标准采用日本矫形外科协会(JOA)下腰痛评分标准,在术前、术后3个月和1年3个时间对患者的症状和功能分别进行评分,计算术后改善率和疗效.对患者手术前后的JOA评分的变化进行方差分析,术后2次随访的改善率比较采用χ~2检验.结果 本组患者手术过程顺利,每个椎间隙手术时间50～90 min(平均60 min),出血量<20 ml.手术部位:L3～4间隙4例、L4～5间隙19例、L5～S1间隙6例、L3～4合并L4～5间隙3例,共置入B-Twin融合器35枚,其中3例在2个椎间隙内置入.患者平均住院时间(10.0±2.1)d,2例出现手术并发症,1例融合器松动,1例出现相邻椎间不稳.术后随访时间3～36个月,平均13个月.32例患者JOA下腰痛评分,术前为(4.1±1.8)分、术后3个月为(11.9±3.9)分,术后1年随访22例,JOA评分(12.0±3.2)分,手术前后JOA下腰痛评分差异有统计学意义(F=5.67,P<0.01);改善率,术后3个月为(61.7±23.6)%,术后1年为(58.2±21.0)%,两者差异无统计学意义(F=4.18,P>0.05).结论 经皮穿刺腰椎椎间固定融合术治疗退变性椎间盘突出症和椎体不稳具有损伤小、不破坏脊柱稳定结构的特点,但对椎间融合率以及远期效果还需进一步观察和深入研究.     

CT引导下臭氧髓核消融联合糖皮质激素椎小关节注射治疗腰椎间盘突出症并椎小关节病变

目的 臭氧(O_3)髓核消融术联合椎小关节局部复方倍他米松注射治疗腰椎间盘突出症并椎小关节炎患者的疗效观察.方法 80例腰椎间盘突出并椎小关节炎患者随机分为两组,在CT引导下,Ⅰ组(n=40)单纯椎间盘穿刺臭氧消融术,注射50 μg/ml O_3 10～20 ml,Ⅱ组(n=40)行椎间盘穿刺臭氧消融的同时在双侧或单侧椎小关节注射复方倍他米松注射液0.5～1 ml,两组患者分别在术前与术后1周,3、6个月采用双盲法Oswestry Low Back Pain Disability量表评估疗效.结果 术后第1周Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组有效率分别为65%和82.5%:3个月有效率分别为75%和90%;6个月时分别为70%和92.5%.Ⅱ组较Ⅰ组病例在1周、3、6个月疗效均显著增高(P<0.05).结论 椎间盘臭氧消融联合椎小关节药物局部注射是治疗椎间盘突出并椎小关节炎的一种有效、安全的方法,值得推广应用.     

CT肺功能成像参数正常值研究

目的建立国人CT肺功能参数的正常值,为临床应用提供依据。资料与方法共召集健康志愿者120名,其中男45名,女75名。年龄19~79岁,平均(40.33±14.92)岁。其中99例在同一天完成肺功能检查(pulmonaryfunctional tests,PFTs)和CT肺功能检查。利用CT肺功能定量分析软件分析图像数据并得出相应的肺功能参数值,如吸气末CT肺体积(Vin),呼气末CT肺体积(Vex),像素指数如PI-700~-800,PI-800~-900,PI-910,PI-950等,与肺功能的参数值建立相关性。结果(1)Vin与TLC,Vex与RV存在相关性(r=0.940,P=0.000;r=0.619,P=0.000)。呼吸比((Vex/Vin)与RV/TLC存在相关性(r=0.591,P=0.000)。(2)身高、性别、年龄对Vin的影响有统计学意义(F=85.928,P=0.000),体重对Vin的影响无统计学意义(t=-0.386,P=0.701)。建立Vin预计值回归方程:Vin=0.060ht-0.11A-0.814sex-5.743[Vin代表吸气末CT肺体积(L);ht代表身高(cm);A代表年龄(岁);女,则sex=1;男,则sex=2],(相关系数r=0.830,决定系数R2=0.690,估计值的标准误为0.620)。(3)同样方法求得呼气末CT测得的肺体积Vex预计值:Vex=0.032ht 0.009A-3.790[Vex代表呼气末CT肺体积(L);ht代表身高(cm),A代表年龄](r=0.554,决定系数R2=0.307,估计值的标准误为0.378),性别、体重对Vex的影响无统计学意义(t=-1.398,P=0.165;t=-0.872,P=0.385)。(4)吸气末平均CT值(-853.792±23.4524)HU,呼气末平均CT值(-649.538±65.4004)HU。(5)求得正常组最大吸气末和最大呼气末CT各阈值内像素指数(PI)的平均值范围,如吸气末PI-800/-900 HU=(46.48±14.91)%,呼气末PI-700/-800 HU=(30.96±10.56)%。(6)建立像素指数预计值的回归方程式,如PI-910/-1 000 HU=0.013ht-0.009wt-1.246[ht代表身高(cm);wt代表体重(kg)]。结论本研究证实CT肺功能成像检查是可行的,求得的CT肺体积及像素指数预计值的回归方程,为肺功能评价的临床应用建立参考标准,为进一步开展CT评价肺功能提供依据。     

肺癌16层螺旋CT支气管动脉血管成像方法探讨

目的 探讨肺癌16层螺旋CT支气管动脉血管成像方法.资料与方法 将96例肺癌患者随机分为5组,第1组(18例),第2组(18例),第3组(19例),第4组(20例)及第5组(21例),每组采用不同的技术参数行16层螺旋CT支气管动脉血管成像及血管三维重组.支气管动脉三维重组方法包括容积再现(VR)、最大密度投影(MIP).结果 肺癌1、2、3、4、5组主动脉强化后增加CT值分别为(183.43±19.65)HU、(218.64±18.20)HU、(269.69±42.21)HU、(326.11±77.19)HU、(328.61±62.38)HU;支气管动脉强化后增加CT值分别为(116.24±38.68)HU、(156.41±42.71)HU、(157.75±57.17)HU、(181.45±56.25)HU、(195.54±53.94)HU;肺动脉强化后增加CT值分别为(146.63±46.79)HU、(176.48±64.44)HU、(179.62±69.84)HU、(240.44±81.18)Hu、(115.10±36.13)HU;上腔静脉强化后增加CT值分别为(291.39±159.71)HU、(385.90±240.73)HU、(414.47±275.78)HU、(435.19±311.09)HU、(166.24±67.66)HU;支气管动脉三维图像质量优良率分别为61.11%、72.22%、78.95%、80%及90.48%.结论 第5组采用较小剂量(60 ml)和高浓度非离子型对比剂(370 mg I/ml),适中注射流率(4 ml/s),自动跟踪(Bolus tracking)扫描技术,是16层螺旋CT支气管动脉血管成像较理想的扫描参数.     

椎间孔镜TESSYS技术治疗腰椎间盘突出症临床疗效研究

目的探讨经皮穿刺椎间孔镜下,椎管内直接神经根松解和减压(TESSYS)技术治疗腰椎间盘突出症(LDH)的临床疗效。方法选取自2014年9月至2016年7月在西安市高陵区医院行经皮穿刺椎间孔镜下椎间盘切除术(PTED)的LDH患者74例为研究对象。记录本组患者的手术时间、术中出血量、手术切口长度等临床参数;应用视觉模拟评分(VAS)、日本骨科协会评估治疗法(JOA)评分、改良Macnab评分评价患者的临床疗效。结果 74例患者的平均手术时间为(54.32±15.47)min;平均术中出血量为(16.44±6.15)ml;平均切口长度为(0.82±0.19)cm;术后VAS评分情况较术前有显著改善(P<0.05);术后3个月JOA评分显著高于术前(P<0.05);术后3个月时,改良Macnab评分优良率为93.2%(69/74)。结论TESSYS技术治疗LDH,安全性高,临床疗效好,值得临床推广使用。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.