浆细胞性乳腺炎的MRI表现

目的:探讨浆细胞性乳腺炎的MRI表现.方法:51例经临床病理证实的浆细胞性乳腺炎患者纳入研究,全部病例进行MRI检查,包括T1WI、T2WI压脂平扫和动态增强3D T1WI压脂扫描;2位资深放射科医生共同分析其MRI表现并进行分型.结果:浆细胞性乳腺炎的MRI表现可分为炎症型、脓肿型和混合型;炎症型13例(25.5%),病灶局限在乳晕周围(11/13),斑片样或结节样,T1WI呈等低信号(8/13)或等高信号(5/13),压脂T2WI呈高信号(9/13)、高等信号(3/13)或等信号(1/13),增强后不均匀强化(11/13)或结节样均匀强化(2/13);脓肿型34例(66.7%),多数多发(32/34),似卷发样或蜂窝状,境界模糊不清,少数单发(2/34),结节或囊状,T1WI呈等、低信号(30/34)或等高信号(4/34),压脂T2WI呈高等信号(29/34)、高低信号(4/34)或等信号(1/34),增强后脓肿壁呈环状强化;混合型4例(7.8%),脓肿伴细管状低信号的窦道瘘管.结论:浆细胞性乳腺炎的MRI表现具有一定特征性,MRI检查有助于明确诊断.     

MRI对双侧卵巢病变的诊断价值

目的:探讨MRI对双侧卵巢病变的诊断价值。方法:以病理结果为金标准,回顾性分析41例双侧卵巢病变患者的MRI及相关临床资料。结果:41例中,浆液性囊腺癌19例,转移瘤2例,畸胎瘤2例,无性细胞瘤1例,子宫内膜样腺癌1例,子宫内膜异位症14例,化脓性炎症2例。MRI的诊断敏感度为100%,诊断准确率为70.7%。所有病灶均表现为双侧附件区占位性病变。浆液性囊腺癌呈囊实性肿块,实性部分呈不均匀明显强化,囊性部分强化不明显;转移瘤呈类圆形囊实性肿块,增强扫描后实性部分明显强化。畸胎瘤信号混杂,内见T1高信号影,T2压脂序列呈低信号,增强扫描后实性病灶可见强化。无性细胞瘤表现为腹腔至盆腔内见一巨大软组织肿块影,T1WI呈低信号,T2WI呈不均匀高信号,DWI呈高信号,增强扫描后呈不均匀明显强化。子宫内膜样癌T1WI及T2WI压脂序列呈等高混杂信号,增强扫描后部分病灶可见轻度强化。子宫内膜异位症呈短T2或短T1信号,增强扫描后未见明显强化。化脓性炎症DWI呈明显高信号,可见多房环形强化。结论:MRI是双侧卵巢病变首选的检查方法。     

脊柱结核的MRI诊断价值（附40例报告）

目的 探讨脊柱结核MRI表现及诊断价值.方法 利用MRI对有脊柱结核的40例患者进行扫描.结果 椎体破坏T1 WI呈片状均匀低信号、混杂信号,T2 WI及T脂肪抑制序列呈均匀高信号、混杂信号;终板局限破坏,小脓肿呈囊状,为无结构长T1、长T2信号.椎间盘受累,T1Wl呈低信号,T2 WI及T2＋ STIR呈不均匀高信号,椎间盘正常者5例.椎前或椎旁脓肿呈T1 WI稍低、T2WI及T2＋STIR明显高信号.增强扫描,脓肿壁呈不均匀条带状或环形强化.（4）部分患者椎弓根受累、脊髓受压.结论 MRI能发现脊柱结核早期征象,反映其病理变化,敏感性较高.     

驱肠虫药相关脑病的MRI和CT研究

目的 描述驱肠虫药相关脑病的MRI和CT表现。方法 回顾性分析20例临床确诊的驱肠虫药相关脑病的影像特征,MRI检查10例,MRI及CT检查6例,CT检查4例;1例行脑穿刺活检。结果 MRT1WI病变呈低信号,T2WI呈高信号,6例增强扫描5例无强化,其表现可分4种类型：13例病变呈多发斑片状,多位于侧脑室周围中、后方区域白质;1例病变T1WI呈同心圆状改变,病理示神经细胞广泛空泡变性;1例病变呈斑片状螺及双侧海马区皮髓质;另1例T2WI示半球白质信号广泛增高并累及基底节核团。10例CT均示白质区多发斑片状低密度灶,4例增强扫描无强化。所有病变均无占位效应。结论 驱肠虫相关脑病的影像表现类似脱髓鞘病变或散发性脑炎,病理检查未发现脱髓鞘改变。     

胰腺结核的CT及MRI诊断

目的 :探讨胰腺结核的CT及MRI表现,提高对胰腺结核的诊断水平。方法 :回顾性分析经病理证实及临床抗结核治疗病灶缩小确诊的胰腺结核患者6例,均行CT平扫及增强扫描,其中4例同时行MRI平扫及增强扫描。结果:CT检查发现胰头部结核性病变6例,平扫呈等或略低密度肿块,增强扫描后病灶呈轻度及中度不均匀性强化或呈环形强化;4例行MRI检查T1WI病灶呈等或略低信号,T2WI病灶呈等或略高信号,内见片状高信号,增强扫描后呈轻度强化2例,环状强化2例。结论:胰腺结核的CT及MRI表现为胰头部局灶性实质性或囊实性病灶,增强扫描后呈轻中度强化或蜂窝状环形强化,伴有胰周淋巴结或腹腔淋巴结肿大环状强化,可合并脾脏等腹腔结核灶,影像学表现有一定特异性。     

乳腺非肿瘤性病变的MRI表现

目的:探讨乳腺非肿瘤性病变的MRI表现。方法:分析38例乳腺内非肿瘤性病变的常规MRT1WI、T2WI、脂肪抑制序列T2WI、动态增强序列扫描的特点。结果:乳腺囊性增生症12例:T1WI和T2WI均呈均匀等信号,压脂后清晰显示乳腺导管系统自乳头向后方呈树枝状分布,其中增强后呈弥漫性斑点状强化8例,均匀片状强化2例,局限性小片状强化2例;囊肿6例:呈液体信号,囊液不强化,囊壁边缘轻度强化;术后瘢痕6例:局限性腺体聚拢4例,星芒样改变2例,但无病变实体,T1WI均呈等信号,T2WI呈等信号及低信号各3例,斑痕与周围腺体均无强化或轻度强化;自体脂肪隆胸后脂肪坏死3例:多发圆形及椭圆性脂肪信号肿块,动态增强各序列均无强化;注射聚丙烯酰胺水凝胶(postoperative augmentation mammoplasty with HPAG)假体泄漏7例:均显示假体轮廓不整,T1WI呈低信号,T2WI呈均匀高信号,腺体周围清晰见泄漏的假体信号;慢性炎症4例:3例T1WI呈等低混杂信号,T2WI呈高信号,增强后呈明显均匀强化,1例TWI伴有灶性多发低信号。结论:正确认识乳腺非肿瘤性病变的MRI表现,可避免不必要的活检和手术。     

手关节MRI在早期类风湿关节炎中的临床应用

目的:探讨早期类风湿关节炎(rheumatoid arthritis,RA)手关节MRI表现及其临床价值。方法:回顾性分析40例经临床诊断早期RA的手关节MRI资料,分析主要MRI征象。结果:40例中,腕关节受累18例,掌指关节10例,近节指间关节12例。所有受累关节有不同程度的滑膜炎和血管翳形成,表现为T1WI稍低信号,T2WI稍高信号,压脂T2WI呈高信号,病变范围显示更清晰。骨髓水肿28例,表现为骨质斑片状T1WI稍低信号,T2WI稍高信号,压脂T2WI呈高信号,界限不清。软骨及骨侵蚀20例,软骨侵蚀表现为毛糙或变薄,T1WI呈稍低信号和压脂T2WI上呈稍低和稍高信号,骨侵蚀表现为关节面边缘不规则小的缺损,T1WI呈低信号,T2WI呈稍高信号,压脂T2WI呈高信号,边界清晰。肌腱受累8例,表现为腱鞘积液和腱鞘滑膜增厚,T1WI呈稍低信号,T2WI呈高信号。5例增强扫描增厚滑膜和血管翳明显强化。10例早期RA治疗后复查,8例滑膜炎、骨髓水肿不同程度缓解,2例骨质侵蚀无明显改善。结论:早期RA手关节MRI各序列上的信号特点具有一定特征性。MRI检查成为RA早期诊断、监测进展及治疗后疗效评估的重要方法。     

布鲁氏菌性脊柱炎的CT、MRI表现

目的 :探讨布鲁氏菌性脊柱炎的CT及MRI表现,以提高对该病的影像学诊断水平。方法 :收集15例经临床、实验室检查或病理证实的布鲁氏菌性脊柱炎,分析其CT及MRI表现。结果:15例共31个椎体受累,2个椎体病变11例,单个椎体受累2例,多个椎体受累2例,L4椎体受累最多见;CT示病变椎体骨质破坏,主要发生在椎体边缘,表现为小类圆形或斑片状低密度区,慢性期骨破坏区周围可见骨质增生硬化,7例增生的骨质出现部分"虫蚀样"破坏,椎体边缘呈"花边状";11例伴相邻椎间盘破坏,椎间隙变窄;9例出现椎旁脓肿。MRI示椎体破坏区T1WI呈低信号,T2WI及T2WI压脂呈高信号,骨质破坏区由于肉芽组织增生增强扫描呈轻中度强化;周围骨质硬化区T1WI、T2WI均呈低信号。结论 :布鲁氏菌性脊柱炎的CT及MRI表现具有一定特征性,结合流行病学特点及实验室检查能明确诊断。     

类风湿性关节炎的MRI表现及其临床价值

目的:探讨类风湿性关节炎的MRI表现及其临床价值。方法:回顾性分析56例经临床诊断的类风湿性关节炎病例的MRI资料,其中5例行增强扫描。结果:56例患者中膝关节受累31例,腕关节受累18例,掌指关节7例。所有受累关节滑膜弥漫性增厚,表现为稍长T1、稍长或长T2信号,T2WI压脂序列呈稍高信号,增强扫描可鉴别关节积液与增厚滑膜。骨髓水肿13例,表现为骨质斑片状稍长T2稍长T1信号,T2WI压脂序列呈稍高信号,界限不清,软骨及骨侵蚀30例,软骨侵蚀表现为T1WI和T2WI压脂序列上信号减低或升高,骨侵蚀在T1WI上为低信号,在T2WI及T2WI压脂序列上为低-高信号,韧带、半月板及肌腱受累50例,表现为增厚滑膜与其界限不清,T1WI及T2WI上信号增高。结论:类风湿性关节炎在MRI各序列上的信号特点具有一定特征性,可作为临床上类风湿性关节炎的重要检查方法。     

复杂性肛瘘的高分辨力MRI表现及手术对照分析

目的 :探讨复杂性肛瘘的MRI表现,以提高对复杂性肛瘘的诊断价值。方法 :对20例临床初诊为复杂性肛瘘患者行矢状位T2WI、横轴位T1WI、T2WI抑脂、冠状位T2WI抑脂、DWI序列,3例行增强扫描,分析MRI表现,明确各型瘘管的走行、分支及内外口,并与手术结果对照。结果:MRI检查发现内口25个,诊断准确率89.3%(25/28),18例内口T2WI抑脂表现高信号、T1WI与肌肉信号相似,15个DWI呈高信号;瘘管及分支27支,瘘管分支T2WI抑脂序列表现高信号21支,6例瘘管壁纤维组织T1WI、T2WI均呈低信号;脓肿、肛周间隙蜂窝组织炎5例,与手术结果一致,呈条索状、团块状,T1WI均呈低信号,T2WI及DWI均呈高信号;3例增强扫描内口呈环形强化。结论:MRI可准确显示复杂性肛瘘的类型、瘘管走行、分支、内口位置、瘘管与周围肌肉关系以及有无脓肿形成等。     

Optimization of the system of medical service of students of Cadet Schools of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

One of the factors of the successful military career guidance Cadet schools students is preserving and promoting their health. Medical support of children and adolescents aged 10-17 years should include the full range of medical and preventive measures defined for this group. The state of providing outpatient care for pupils at the Cadet School in St. Petersburg was studied. These results show that full medical care in accordance with the standards can be based only on children's health clinics. It is important that the organization of medical support pupils cadet schools should be cooperate with civilian health care.     

带状疱疹83例误诊原因分析

带状疱疹是由水痘—带状疱疾病毒引起的皮肤科常见疾病。其主要的病理损害,一是受累神经的严重炎症性浸润,继而导致受侵犯神经节内神经细胞变性、坏死;二是皮肤的水泡。迅速抑制神经节和相应的感觉神经纤维的充血、水肿和坏死,防止粘连形成,达到迅速镇痛、改善皮损,缩短病程及防止后遗症的发生是治疗的关键。因而,尽早明确诊断,     

Estimation of accumulated dose of radiation by method of ESR-spectrometry of dental enamel of mammals

ESR-spectrometry was used to investigate radiation-induced paramagnetic centers in enamel of mammals: carnivores (polar bear and fox), ungulates (reindeer, European bison, moose), and man. Values at half the microwave power saturation of the radiation signal, P_1/2, evaluated at room temperature, was found to range from 16 to 26 mW for animals and man. A new approach to discrimination of the radiation induced signal from the total ESR spectrum of reindeer enamel is proposed. ‘Dose-response’ dependencies of enamel of different species mammals were measured within the dose range from 0.48 up to 10.08 Gy. Estimations of ‘radiosensitivity’ enamel of carnivores and ungulates showed good agreement with radiosensitivity enamel of man by ESR method.     

Analysis of the results of the international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of Fe

The results of an international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of ⁵⁵Fe organized by the BIPM in 2005 are reported and analysed. This exercise, which follows the procedures of the CIPM mutual recognition arrangement to update older comparisons, is a renewal of the comparison organized by the BIPM that took place in 1978. A EUROMET comparison was organized in 1996 specifically to compare activity measurements of a ⁵⁵Fe solution by means of liquid-scintillation techniques. Results of these three comparisons are presented and discussed in this paper.

The radionuclide solution was provided by the NPL, which also distributed the samples to the participants. The activity of the ampoules was measured by 16 laboratories using 12 methods producing 25 results. Some general considerations on uncertainty assessments pertaining to the different techniques used are drawn. The outcome of four different estimators is compared from which the presence of at least one outlier can be confirmed. Further measurements should be made to try to reduce the discrepancy between the results. To date the outcome of the present comparison does not show an improvement to that of the 1996 comparison.     

Evaluation of the results of various technics of non-surgical therapy of varicocele

A new method of non-surgical treatment of varicocele syndrome is described: it consists in sclerotherapy of spermatic vein by trans-femoral percutaneous catheterization with balloon-catheters. In 8 cases venous thrombosis has been induced by direct electric clotting. The techniques and a 6 months follow-up are discussed. It is pointed out that this procedure should be considered as the method of choice for tubular lesions and sub-fertility prophylaxis in young people and in childhood.     

延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因分析

目的探讨延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因和预防措施.方法回顾性分析总结12例延迟性脾破裂中的诊断和误漏诊的经验与教训.结果本组延迟性脾破裂的误漏诊5例(41.66%).对多发伤与脾破裂并存可能认识不足,外伤史轻微或伤员隐瞒外伤史,缺乏腹痛-缓解-突然再腹痛的典型病史,缺乏“对冲性脾破裂”力学分析和整体化诊断思路等为其误漏诊的主要原因.结论详细的外伤史和全面系统检查,重视腹以外多发伤掩盖腹内脏器伤及延迟性脾破裂可能.确立外伤-腹内脏器伤-脾破裂整体化诊断思路.不间断地辅以B超检查脾形态学变化和腹内有无积液,腹腔穿刺确定有无血腹、X线胸腹部检查观察左侧胸肋角和膈肌运动情况、必要时CT检查以尽早发现脾包膜下血肿,降低延迟性脾破裂误漏诊率.