Treatment of phacolytic glaucoma with extracapsular cataract extraction

The treatment of choice for phacolytic glaucoma has been intracapsular cataract extraction (ICCE). The current study was undertaken to determine the efficacy of extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE) as a definitive treatment for phacolytic glaucoma. Five cases of phacolytic glaucoma that occurred between 1984 and 1986 were studied after a retrospective chart review; ECCE (with placement of a posterior chamber intraocular lens [PC IOL]) was performed without complication and was curative in all five eyes. All patients (100%) maintained intraocular pressures (IOPs) of less than 20 mmHg, without medical therapy. The best-corrected visual acuity for all cases was 20/50 or better (80%, greater than or equal to 20/40) with 5 months to 3 years follow-up. These results suggest that ECCE is an effective alternative for the treatment of phacolytic glaucoma and allows surgeons the freedom to choose the procedure with which they are most comfortable. Additionally, implantation of a PC IOL is a safe and efficacious procedure in restoring visual function in these patients.     

Neovascular glaucoma after intracapsular and extracapsular cataract extraction in diabetic patients

A retrospective study of the rate of development of neovascular glaucoma after cataract extraction in 242 eyes of 186 diabetic patients identified neovascular glaucoma in 13 of 146 eyes (8.9%) after intracapsular extraction, in two of 17 eyes (11.8%) after extracapsular extraction with primary capsulotomy, and in zero of 53 eyes after extracapsular extraction without capsulotomy. The incidence of neovascular glaucoma was significantly lower in patients who underwent extracapsular extraction with preservation of an intact posterior capsule than in those undergoing intracapsular cataract extraction (P less than .01) or extracapsular cataract extraction with primary capsulotomy (P less than .05).     

Penetrating keratoplasty combined with extracapsular cataract extraction

In my previous prospective study of 132 eyes, the incidence of clinically significant cystoid macular edema was 42% in aphakic penetrating keratoplasty, 33% in combined keratoplasty and cataract extraction with vitrectomy, and only 4% in combined keratoplasty and cataract extraction without vitrectomy. In the present study we added 26 aphakic and 11 pseudophakic keratoplasties and 17 procedures combining keratoplasty with extracapsular cataract extraction. Grafts were clear in 94% of patients, and 43% had visual acuity of 20/40 or better. Clinically significant cystoid macular edema occurred in 35% of aphakic and 27% of pseudophakic keratoplasties. Cystoid macular edema did not occur in combined keratoplasty and extracapsular cataract extraction.     

Combined extracapsular cataract extraction with ahmed glaucoma valve implantation in phacomorphic glaucoma

PURPOSE: To report a retrospective analysis of a combined procedure of extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE) with heparin surface modified (HSM) posterior chamber intraocular lens (PCIOL) implantation along with primary Ahmed glaucoma valve (AGV) implantation in an attempt to optimize visual acuity gains and intraocular pressure (IOP) control in patients with phacomorphic glaucoma. METHODS: ECCE with HSM PC IOL and AGV implantation was performed through two separate incisions in 15 patients diagnosed with phacomorphic glaucoma. Postoperative improvement in visual acuity and IOP control were monitored. RESULTS: A steady control of IOP was maintained in all patients with minimum anti-glaucoma medications. The average visual acuity was approximately 6/24 at 3 months. CONCLUSION: Superior preoperative IOP control and a shorter phacomorphic attack resulted in better postoperative vision. The successful maintenance of IOP within the desired range in this study suggests that the procedure should be performed under similar conditions.     

白内障囊外摘除并小梁切除治疗青光眼合并白内障疗效观察

目的：探讨小切口白内障囊外摘除并人工晶状体植入联合小梁切除术治疗青光眼合并白内障的临床疗效。方法：选择我院2007-09/2011-10原发性闭角型青光眼合并白内障患者80例86眼。本组患者均行小切口白内障囊外摘除联合小梁切除术。术后观察患者的视力和眼压情况。结果：术后视力：〈0.1共5眼,0.1～0.2共11眼,0.3～0.5共53眼,0.6以上17眼。术后患者眼压均降到临床统计正常范围（10～21）mmHg。结论：小切口白内障囊外摘除并人工晶状体植入联合小梁切除术治疗青光眼合并白内障减轻了患者多次手术的负担,临床有显著效果,是治疗青光眼合并白内障较佳术式,值得临床推广应用。     

白内障小切口囊外摘除联合小梁切除治疗PACG合并白内障

目的：观察白内障小切口囊外摘除联合小梁切除术治疗原发性急性、慢性闭角型青光眼的疗效。

方法：急性闭角型青光眼合并白内障23例24眼,慢性闭角型青光眼合并白内障11例12眼,进行白内障小切口囊外摘除联合小梁切除术,均一期植入人工晶状体。

结果：术后随访1mo,急性闭角型青光眼组术前平均眼压30.68±7.60mmHg,术后17.83±5.95mmHg,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05); 慢性闭角型青光眼组术前平均眼压29.27±5.55mmHg,术后18.12±1.88mmHg,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术前、术后两组间平均眼压差异无统计学意义。术后眼压控制良好者(6～21mmHg)者26眼(72%),局部使用抗青光眼药物后眼压控制良好者8眼(22%),总体有效控制率94%,眼压不能控制者(22～30mmHg)2眼(6%); 术后视力提高者32眼(89%),没有发生严重并发症。

结论：白内障小切口囊外摘除联合小梁切除术对于原发性闭角型青光眼(PACG)合并白内障的治疗可以有效控制眼压、提高视力,并发症少; 其在控制眼压方面对于原发性急/慢性闭角型青光眼无差异。     

硬核白内障改良囊外摘除术85例

目的:评价对硬核白内障采用囊外摘除法(extracapsular cataract extraction,ECCE)的手术方法和效果。方法:回顾性分析2006-01/2008-0185例85眼硬核白内障囊外摘除术临床资料。巩膜隧道切口长7～8mm,前囊连续环形撕囊(continuous circular capsularhexis,CCC)直径为6～7mm,晶状体圈套器套核,囊袋内植入人工晶状体。结果:85眼中80眼(94%)撕囊口娩核后仍平滑连续完整,囊袋内植入人工晶状体;5眼(6%)发生前囊膜放射状撕裂并延至后囊,在睫状沟内植入晶状体。术后第1d77眼(91%)角膜清亮,裸眼视力>0.3者72眼(85%)。术后1wk裸眼视力>0.5者78眼(92%)。结论:改良的ECCE对于硬核白内障意义重大。改良的ECCE投资少,适合在基层医院推广。     

白内障超声乳化吸除联合小梁切除术与白内障囊外摘除联合小梁切除术的疗效分析

目的 观察白内障超声乳化吸除联合小梁切除术治疗青光眼合并白内障的临床疗效。方法 回顾分析患青光眼白内障在我院行超声乳化白内障吸除人工晶体植入联合小梁切除术的患者82例（82眼）和行白内障囊外摘除人工晶体植入联合小梁切除术的患者52例（54眼），记录手术前、后的视力和眼压，记录手术并发症和滤过泡情况。术后随访至少3个月。结果 两组术后1周和3个月矫正视力较术前明显提高，眼压较术前明显降低（P均〈0．05）。两组间术后视力和眼压比较，差异无显著性（P〉0．05）。术后3个月随访，眼压≥21mmHg者，超乳三联术组2眼，囊外三联术组4眼，两组比较差异无显著性（P〉0．05）。手术并发症超乳三联术组明显低于囊外三联术组，差异有非常显著性（P〈0．01）。两组术后均无严重并发症发生。结论 超声乳化白内障吸除人工晶体植入联合小梁切除术，可安全有效治疗青光眼合并白内障，且效果优于白内障囊外摘除人工晶体植入联合小梁切除术。     

小切口白内障摘除联合小梁切除术治疗开角型青光眼

目的:观察小切口白内障囊外摘除、后房型人工晶状体植入联合小梁切除术治疗合并白内障的开角型青光眼的疗效。方法:回顾分析2004-01/2010-06在我院住院行小切口白内障囊外摘除、后房型人工晶状体植入联合小梁切除术且资料完整的32例56眼开角型青光眼的疗效,根据患者年龄、眼球筋膜情况、视神经受损程度及术后要求达到的靶眼压确定术中用或不用丝裂霉素C(MMC),其中29眼术中使用MMC,27眼不使用MMC,患者均有明显的晶状体混浊。随访6～24(平均14.2±6.7)mo。结果:术中使用MMC组29眼,术前眼压(39.2±10.6)mmHg,术后眼压(13.2±5.5)mmHg,仅1眼需辅助1种局部降眼压药。不使用MMC组27眼,术前眼压(30.1±9.2)mmHg,术后眼压(17.5±8.1)mmHg,有4眼需辅助1种局部降眼压药,1眼需辅助2种局部降眼压药,1眼再手术。术后不需使用降眼压药者49眼(88%)。术后47眼(84%)最佳矫正视力提高。结论:小切口白内障囊外摘除、后房型人工晶状体植入联合小梁切除术可有效治疗合并白内障的开角型青光眼。     

小切口白内障摘除联合小梁切除术治疗开角型青光眼合并白内障

目的:观察小切口白内障囊外摘除、后房型人工晶状体植入联合小梁切除术治疗合并白内障的开角型青光眼的疗效。方法:回顾分析2011-01/2013-01在我院住院行小切口白内障囊外摘除、后房型人工晶状体植入联合小梁切除术的34例34眼合并白内障的开角型青光眼的疗效,观察术后矫正视力、眼压、滤过泡及并发症等。结果:术后随访6~24mo。术后最佳矫正视力0.1~<0.3者4眼(12%),0.3~1.0者30眼(88%),术后6mo眼压14.7±0.8mmHg。术后1wk内34眼呈功能性滤过泡,6wk后28眼呈功能滤过泡,4眼滤过泡不明显,2眼滤过泡包裹并需加用1种局部降眼压药。术后并发症主要为角膜水肿12眼(35%),前房纤维素性渗出5眼(15%),浅前房6眼(18%),后发性白内障6眼(18%)。结论:小切口白内障囊外摘除、后房型人工晶状体植入联合小梁切除术可有效治疗合并白内障的开角型青光眼。     

Phacoemulsification versus extracapsular cataract extraction in patients with diabetes

OBJECTIVE: To compare phacoemulsification with extracapsular cataract surgery in patients with diabetes and to identify determinants of postoperative visual acuity. DESIGN: Prospective, randomized, paired-eye trial. PARTICIPANTS: Forty-six patients with diabetes and bilateral cataract. INTERVENTION: Patients were allocated to phacoemulsification surgery with silicone intraocular lens to one randomly determined eye, and extracapsular cataract surgery with 7-mm polymethylmethacrylate intraocular lens to the other. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Logarithm of minimum angle of resolution visual acuity (logMAR VA), incidence of clinically significant macular edema (CSME), retinopathy progression, indices of anterior segment inflammation, and incidence of capsulotomy. RESULTS: Compared with eyes undergoing phacoemulsification, eyes managed with extracapsular surgery had more anterior chamber cells (P = 0.0004) and flare (P = 0.007) 1 week after surgery and a higher incidence of posterior synechiae (P = 0.04) and intraocular lens deposits (P < 0.0005) in the first postoperative year. The need for posterior capsulotomy was greater in eyes undergoing extracapsular surgery (16 of 46 vs. 5 of 46, P = 0.01). No difference in incidence of postoperative CSME, progression of retinopathy, or development of high-risk proliferative retinopathy was identified between techniques (P = 1.0, 0.8, and 0.2). Median 1-year logMAR VA was worse in eyes undergoing extracapsular surgery (0.08 vs. 0.06, P = 0.02), especially in those with retinopathy (0.14 vs. 0.08, respectively; P = 0.01). The presence or absence of CSME at the time of surgery was the most significant determinant of 1-year logMAR VA in regression models for both extracapsular (P = 0.0004, R2 = 0.45) and phacoemulsification groups (P < 0.00005, R2 = 0.46). CONCLUSIONS: Phacoemulsification is associated with better postoperative VA, less postoperative inflammation, and less need for capsulotomy than extracapsular cataract surgery in patients with diabetes. However, with both techniques, the principal determinant of postoperative VA appears to be the presence or absence of CSME at the time of surgery. Early intervention, reducing the risk that unrecognized CSME is present at the time of surgery, may be more critical to outcome than choice of surgical technique.     

青光眼术后颞侧巩膜小切口手法白内障摘出术

目的评价青光眼小梁切除术后经颞侧巩膜隧道小切口非超声乳化手法娩核囊外摘出术治疗白内障的手术方法和临床效果。方法对38例42眼施行手术。常规球后麻醉。于颞侧角膜缘后2.0 mm行直线形或反眉形巩膜板层切开,长为5.5 mm,作隧道切口至透明角膜内1 mm。注入黏弹剂,行连续环行撕囊或开罐式截囊,直径6 mm,水分离后以旋转法将晶状体核旋入前房,以晶状体圈匙将核托出。以注吸针头吸净晶状体皮质。囊袋内植入人工晶状体。术中缩瞳。术后随访至少3月,观察视力、眼压、滤过泡等。结果本组38例42眼术后第3天视力≥0.5者29眼(69.04%),术后眼压均在正常范围内,对原滤过泡无影响,未见严重并发症。结论青光眼术后特别是上方小梁切除术后的白内障患者,经颞侧巩膜隧道式小切口进行手法娩核白内障手术切实可行,效果良好,值得向基层医院推荐。     

Trabeculotomy ab interno combined with extracapsular cataract extraction and IOL implantation

We made a total of 96 surgeries of extracapsular cataract extraction and IOL implantation combined with trabeculotomy ab interno during a period of 7 years. Patients with both open-angle and narrow-angle glaucoma of stages I and II and with the intraocular pressure (IOP) below or equal to 23 mm Hg according to Goldman under the conditions of hypotensive medicamental regimen were selected for surgery. After IOL was implanted into the lens bag, trabeculotomy ab interno was implemented as stage 2. A special mirror, introduced through the cataract incision, was used for direct gonioscopic monitoring. The trabecula was incised by the edge of a curved surgical knife under direct visual control. We regarded bleeding from the opened sinus as a favorable sign indicative of that the intrascleral collectors were intact. Only minor hyphemas were registered as postoperative complications; there was not a single case of ciliary-and-choroidal detachment. IOP was compensated for, in 6 months after surgery, in 94% of patients--69.8% of them did not use any hypotensive drops.     

小切口手法非超乳三联术治疗青光眼合并白内障在基层医院的应用

目的探讨小切口白内障囊外摘除联合人工晶状体植入及小梁切除术治疗急性闭角型青光眼合并白内障的临床疗效。方法选择41例41只眼青光眼合并老年性白内障患者作为研究对象,均接受小切口白内障囊外摘除联合人工晶状体植入及小梁切除术治疗,观察手术前后视力、眼压、术后并发症。结果术后随访6个月,平均眼压由术前的31.5±6.5mm Hg降至11.2±3.5mm Hg,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;视力均有不同程度提高,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。所有患者无严重并发症发生。结论白内障囊外摘除联合人工晶状体植入及小梁切除术治疗急性闭角型青光眼合并老年性白内障不仅安全有效、而且术后并发症轻微,值得临床推广应用。     

手法碎核小切口高度近视眼白内障摘除术

目的:探索在基层医院应用手法碎核小切口摘除高度近视眼白内障联合人工晶状体植入手术的效果。方法:观察高度近视眼94眼白内障手法小切口摘除及人工晶状体植入术的安全性、并发症和术后视力结果。结果:术后随访12mo最佳矫正视力大于0.5者77眼(82%),低于0.5者17眼(18%),并发症包括后囊破裂8眼,角膜水肿19眼,黄斑囊性水肿3眼。结论:高度近视眼手法小切口白内障摘除及人工晶状体植入术是安全有效的。     

白内障囊外摘出及人工晶状体植入术后继发性青光眼

目的探讨白内障囊外摘出及人工晶状体植入术后继发性青光眼的原因。方法对11例术后继发性青光眼进行详细的观察分析。结果发现其主要原因为房角阻塞,瞳孔阻滞,手术创伤及血—房水屏障破坏等。结论术后继发性青光眼原因多种多样,大部分可以预防及药物治愈。     

小切口白内障囊外摘出隧道内小梁切除术

目的探讨小切口隧道式非超声乳化白内障囊外摘出联合隧道切口内小梁切除术的可行性.方法青光眼合并白内障24例(26眼)行小切口隧道式非超声乳化囊外摘出联合隧道内的小梁切除术,观察术后视力及眼压变化情况.结果24例(26 眼)术后均形成弥散扁平型滤过泡,术后在不用降眼压药物的情况下眼压正常,平均眼压由术前的(26.86±9.46)mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133kPa)降至术后的(12.89±2.15)mmHg.视力亦均有不同程度提高,术中术后未见严重并发症.结论该联合手术术后眼压控制满意,视力恢复良好,操作简便,且无需缝合.