急性白血病患者血清可溶性白细胞介素2受体水平测定

用双抗体夹心酶联免疫吸附试验检测５６例急性白血病患者血清可溶性白细胞介素２受体水平。结果显示；ＡＬ初诊患者血清ｓＩＬ－２４水平显著高于正常对照，正常对照与完全缓解者之间无显著差异；不同类型ＡＬ患者血清ｓＩＬ－２４水平间无显著差异。     

慢性粒细胞白血病患者脑脊液可溶性白细胞介素2受体水平测定

用双抗体夹心酶联免疫吸附试验检测１５例慢性粒细胞白血病（ＣＭＬ）患者脑脊液（ＣＳＦ）可溶性白细胞介素２受体（ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ）水平。结果显示：ＣＭＬ急变期患者脑脊液ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ水平显著高于正常对照，ＣＭＬ慢性期及加速期与正常对照组间均无显著差异。合并中枢神经系统白血病（ＣＮＳ－Ｌ）患者ＣＳＦ中ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ明显高于无ＣＮＳ－Ｌ者，治疗达缓解后渐降至正常范围。合并ＣＮＳ－Ｌ者ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ水平升高与ＣＳＦ中     

慢性粒细胞白血病患者脑脊液可溶性白细胞介素2受体水平测定

用双抗体夹心酶联免疫吸附试验检测１５例慢性粒细胞白血病（ＣＭＬ）患者脑脊液（ＣＳＦ）可溶性白细胞介素２受体（ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ）水平。结果显示：ＣＭＬ急变期患者脑脊液ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ水平显著高于正常对照，ＣＭＬ慢性期及加速期与正常对照组间均无显著差异。合并中枢神经系统白血病（ＣＮＳ－Ｌ）患者ＣＳＦ中ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ明显高于ＬＣＮＳ－Ｌ者，治疗达缓解后渐降至正常范围。合并ＣＮＳ－Ｌ者ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ水平升高与ＣＳＦ中白血病细胞浸润呈正相关。我们认为ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ可作为ＣＮＳ－Ｌ诊断的参考指标之一，并可用于监测病情，观察疗效。     

急性白血病患者血清可溶性白细胞介素6受体检测的临床意义

目的了解可溶性白细胞介素－６受体（ｓＩＬ－６Ｒ）在急性白血病中的作用和意义。方法以夹心ＥＬＩＳＡ法检测了３０例急性白血病患者和３０例正常对照血清ｓＩＬ－６Ｒ水平。结果急性白血病组血清ｓＩＬ－６Ｒ水平（２７１．７４±１３２．５９）／Ｌ,显著高于正常对照组（１８５．５５±５３．００）／Ｌ（Ｐ＜０．０１）,结论ｓＩＬ－６Ｒ可能参与了急性白血病的发病过程。     

急性白血病患者血清可溶性白细胞介素2受体测定及其临床意义

测定９８例急性白血病（ＡＬ）患者血清可溶性白细胞介素２受体（ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ）水平，各型ＡＬ患者ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ均明显升高，且ＡＬＬ〉Ｍ５〉Ｍ２〉Ｍ３。ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ水平与骨髓中原始细胞数、外周白血细胞数、外周成熟淋巴细胞绝对值无关。动态观察发现化疗后不能获得完全缓解（ＣＲ）患者治疗前ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ明显高于获得ＣＲ患者。各型ＡＬ患者化疗ＣＲ后，ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ水平较治疗前均明显下降，除急性淋巴细胞白血病外，Ｍ２、     

血清可溶性白细胞介素2受体,肿瘤坏死因子在小儿急性白血病中的意义

目的：了解急性白血病（ＡＬ）患儿血清中可溶性白细胞介素２受体（ＳＩＬ－２Ｒ）和肿瘤霈死因子α（ＴＮＦα）水平及其临床意义。方法：采用ＥＬＩＳＡ及ＲＩＡ测定２７例急性淋巴细胞白血病（ＡＬＬ）和３１便急性淋巴细胞细胞白血病（ＡＮＬＬ）及２０例２蝗血清ＳＩＬ－２Ｒ和ＴＮＦα水平。结果：ＡＬ患儿血清ＳＩＬ－２Ｒ和ＴＮＦα发病期明显高于正常儿童,后二者差异无统计意义。发病期经化疗完全缓解后降至正常水平,化疗     

急性白血病患者外周血几种细胞因子水平的测定及其意义

目的了解ＩＬ－２等细胞因子在白血病发病机制中的作用。方法测定了５１例急性白血病患者ＰＢＭＮＣ培养上清中ＩＬ－２、ＩＬ－６水平及血清ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ、ＴＮＦα水平。结果（１）急性白血病患者ＰＢＭＮＣ培养上清的ＩＬ－２水平显著低于正常（Ｐ＜０．０１）及ＣＲ组（Ｐ＜０．０５）;而ＩＬ－６水平显著高于正常及ＣＲ组（Ｐ＜０．０１）。（２）急性白血病患者血清ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ及ＴＮＦα水平显著高于正常及ＣＲ组（Ｐ＜０．０１）。（３）急性白血病患者血清ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ水平与其外周血幼稚细胞比例呈正相关（ｒ＝０．４１０,Ｐ＜０．０５）;在Ｍ５患者中血清ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ与ＴＮＦα水平正相关（ｒ＝０．８７４,Ｐ＜０．０１）。结论急性白血病患者存在着细胞因子网络的失调,并在急性白血病的发生、发展中起一定的作用。     

急性白血病患者外周血几种细胞因子水平的测定及其意义

目的 了解ＩＬ－２等细胞因子在白血病发病机制中的作用。方法 测定了５１例急性白血病患者ＰＢＭＮＣ培养上清中ＩＬ－２,ＩＬ－２,ＩＬ－６水平及血清ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ,ＴＮＦα水平。结果 （１）急性白血病患者ＰＢＭＮＣ培养上清的ＩＬ－２水平显著低于正常（Ｐ〈０．０１）及ＣＲ组（Ｐ〈０．０５）;而ＩＬ－６水平显著高于正常及ＣＲ组（Ｐ〈０．０１）。（２）急性白血病患者血清ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ及ＴＮＦα水平显著高于正常及     

恶性淋巴瘤患者脑脊液可溶性白细胞介素2受体水平的动态观察及其临床意义

用双抗体夹心ＥＬＩＳＡ方法动态监测４６例恶性淋巴瘤（ＭＬ）患者脑脊液（ＣＳＦ）中可溶性白细胞介素２受体（ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ）水平变化。发现ＭＬ患者脑脊液中ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ比正常人显著升高（Ｐ＜０．００１），且６例有中枢神经系统（ＣＮＳ）浸润者ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ与无ＣＮＳ浸润者相比有显著性差异（Ｐ＜０．０１）；而治疗达ＣＲ或ＰＲ后ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ显著降低（Ｐ＜０．０５），与正常人者相比Ｐ＞０．０５，脑脊液ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ水平与血清中ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ水平无显著相关性。认为动态监测ＭＬ患者脑脊液ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ水平有助于估价病变严重程度、ＣＮＳ有无浸润及疗效评定     

检测血清可溶性白细胞介素—2受体水平在食管癌放疗前后的临床…

用双抗体夹心酶联免疫吸附试验检测了５７例食管癌患者放疗前及放疗后血清可溶性白细胞价素－２受体（ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ）水平。结果显示：食管癌患者放疗前血清ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ水平显著高于正常对照，且和食管病变长度密切相关。放疗后血清ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ水平较放疗前显著降低，且放疗后血清ｓＩｌ－２Ｒ水平与正常对照组比较无明显差异。放疗后血清ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ水平与正常对照组比较无明显差异。放疗后血清ｓＩｌ－２Ｒ水平降低程度在完全缓     

Serum interleukin-1 beta levels correlate with neoplastic bulk in hairy cell leukemia

Interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1 alpha), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) and soluble IL-2 receptor (sIL-2R) serum levels were evaluated in 24 hairy cell leukemia (HCL) patients. Of these, three patients were studied at the time of diagnosis, 12 in relapse after interferon (IFN) therapy, eight with a partial response after IFN and one with a complete response after 2-deoxycoformycin (DCF) therapy. Statistically significant differences were observed in the serum levels of IL-1 beta and sIL-2R between HCL patients and controls. These were 400.3 pg per 0.1 ml (range 23.2-990) and 64.3 pg per 0.1 ml (20-115) for IL-1 beta and 4667.2 U/ml (488-7800) and 424.3 U/ml (188-666) for sIL-2R, respectively. In contrast, IL-1 alpha measurements showed no statistical differences between the two groups. A significant increase of sIL-2R (p = 0.01) and IL-1 beta (p = 0.03) serum levels was observed in patients studied at the time of diagnosis or in relapse compared to those in partial or complete remission. IL-1 beta serum levels directly correlated with sIL-2R (p less than 0.0001) and with hairy cell (HC) bone marrow infiltration, expressed by the HC index (p = 0.003). The comparison of IL-1 beta serum levels of HCL patients with those detected among 149 patients grouped according to diagnosis (Hodgkin's disease = 17, non-Hodgkin's lymphomas = 57, acute non-lymphoid leukemia = 46, and acute lymphoid leukemia = 29) indicate that HCL patients showed the highest IL-1 beta serum level increase, indicating that IL-1 beta could be used as a specific clinical marker of this disease.     

Serum levels of soluble interleukin-2 receptor after bone marrow transplantation: a true marker of acute graft-versus-host disease

To examine whether serum levels of soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R) may be a good marker of acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD), they were determined weekly in 56 patients receiving bone marrow transplantation (BMT). Because of wide variation in the pre-transplant sIL-2R levels (from 135 to 1918 IU/ml), we used a sIL-2R index in this study by comparing the peak levels with the pre-transplant levels. In agreement with previous reports, there was a significant correlation between the grade of aGVHD and the maximal sIL-2R index. The maximal sIL-2R index was 4.66 in patients with grade I to IV aGVHD, whereas it was 2.68 in patients without GVHD. This marker may be useful for monitoring the status of aGVHD. However, it was interesting that sIL-2R levels were elevated from the time of transplantation until the third week even in patients without GVHD or those who received autologous transplantation. Until the third week, no significant differences were observed in sIL-2R index between these patients and those who developed aGVHD during their clinical courses. After the fourth week, a higher sIL-2R index was observed in patients with aGVHD than in the other patients. Some factors other than GVHD contribute to the elevation of serum sIL-2R levels, and we should recognize the limitations of the measurement of this cytokine.     

Elevated levels of soluble interleukin-2 receptor in serum of patients with hematological or non-hematological malignancies

We measured the levels of soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R) in the serum of 53 patients with hematological malignancies (14 with acute leukemia, 10 myeloproliferative disorders, 21 non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and 8 multiple myeloma), 40 with non-hematological solid malignancies (24 with lung cancer, 11 digestive system cancer and 5 other cancers) and 95 healthy subjects as a control using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Both hematological and non-hematological neoplasms showed significantly higher sIL-2R levels than normal subjects (p<0.01). However, compared to solid malignancies, hematological neoplasms displayed a wide range of sIL-2R levels and extremely elevated values of sIL-2R were seen in certain cases. These results seem to suggest that sIL-2R levels may serve as one of non-invasive markers of differential diagnosis for patients with bulky mass lesions between hematological and solid malignancy.     

Possible role of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in increased serum soluble interleukin-2 receptor-alpha levels after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation.

Serum soluble interleukin-2 receptor - alpha (sIL-2R) levels markedly increased at the engraftment period in patients who underwent allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT). Since serum G-CSF levels increased during G-CSF administration and decreased after the cessation, increased sIL-2R levels appeared to be induced by G-CSF administration. There was no increase in sIL-2R levels in a patient given macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF). The sIL-2R levels at the engraftment period and the onset of acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) were higher in patients who developed acute GVHD during G-CSF administration than in those who developed acute GVHD after G-CSF cessation. This finding suggests that G-CSF administration may possibly augment acute GVHD. However, it appears to be unlikely, because in the entire population, 18 of 35 patients had acute GVHD while only 6 of 17 patients had acute GVHD during G-CSF administration. Further analysis is still needed in order to draw definite conclusions. Preconditioning regimens did not appear to affect the sIL-2R levels, when the variable frequencies of methotrexate (MTX) administration were compared.     

Soluble Interleukin-2 Receptor, Soluble CD8 and Soluble Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 Levels in Hematologic Malignancies

Plasma levels of soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R), soluble CD8 (sCD8) and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (sICAM-1) were determined by ELISA assays in about 100 patients with hairy cell leukemia (HCL), acute myelomonocytic leukemia (AMMoL), acute myelocytic leukemia (AML), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), prolymphocytic leukemia (PLL), acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), adult T-cell leukemia (ATL), and mycosis fun-goides (MF). Additionally, cultured AML, ALL, and CLL cells grown with and without 12-0-tetra-decanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) were tested for IL-2R (CD25) expression by indirect immunofluorescence. Supernatants of these cultures were also tested for sIL-2R by ELISA.

Elevated sIL-2R levels were found in HCL patients at initial diagnosis and relapse, in AMMoL, in AML, in the accelerated and non-accelerated phases of B-CLL, in PLL, in non-T/non-B ALL, in B-ALL, in mixed lineage ALL, in T-CLL, in T-ALL, and in active MF. Reduced levels of sIL-2R were encountered in HCL patients in remission, in pre-T-ALL, and in MF patients in remission. Also, in non-accelerated CLL sIL-2R levels were less elevated than in later stages of the disease. In T-CLL, sIL-2R was only slightly elevated. Thus, we believe sIL-2R could prove to be a useful marker of disease stage, subtype, and prognosis in several hematologic malignancies.

The cultures with and without TPA suggested that the undetermined source of sIL-2R in HCL, ALL and AML could indeed be the malignant cells but perhaps not so in the case of B-CLL.

Plasma sCD8 was found to be below normal control levels in HCL, and lowest in relapsing cases. In addition, sCD8 levels were below normal in pre-T-ALL, and in MF. Levels in the non-accelerated phase of B-CLL approximated those of controls. Elevated levels of sCD8 were observed in AML, AMMoL, accelerated stage B-CLL, PLL, non-T/non-B ALL, B-ALL, mixed lineage ALL, T-ALL, T-CLL, and ATL. Thus, in a few instances, sCD8 may also correlate with disease subtype, as well as stage. Although sICAM-1 levels were elevated in all leukemias, its levels in CLL did not appear to be related to disease activity. Whether this is true or not for other leukemias would require additional work on sICAM-1 levels and its relationship to disease activity and prognosis.     

Interleukins, TNF-alpha and beta-2M in patients with B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia

In order to investigate the possible existence of a prognostic factor for B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL), we determined the serum levels of TNF-alpha, IL-1a, IL-1b, IL-2, sIL-2R, IL-6, IL-10 and beta-2M in 20 patients. We observed significant changes in sIL-2R and beta-2M levels, whereas in all stages of disease, TNF-alpha and other interleukins exhibited only mild changes. An excellent correlation between sIL-2R and beta-2M levels and disease activity wes reported. Patients with aggressive disease (Rai stages III and IV and Richter's syndrome) had increased levels. Patients who responded to therapy and with improved clinical status had decreased sIL-2R and beta-2M levels. However, patients with progressive disease and no response to therapy were associated with increased levels of sIL-2R and beta-2M. In conclusions, as serum levels of sIL-2R and beta-2M are increased in the aggressive stages of B-CLL, they may be used as reliable markers for monitoring B-CLL activity, showing response to treatment and early relapse and/or disease progression.     

Elevations in serum soluble interleukin-2 receptor levels predict relapse in patients with hairy cell leukemia

PURPOSE: Interferon-alfa, 2'-deoxycoformycin, and 2-chlorodeoxy-adenosine (2-CdA) are effective in the management of patients with hairy cell leukemia. These agents produce remissions in most patients, but relapses occur with all three drugs. The optimal means to follow patients for relapse after treatment has not been determined. METHODS: We retrospectively examined serial serum soluble interleukin-2 receptor levels (sIL-2R) and absolute granulocyte counts in eight patients with relapsed hairy cell leukemia. All were treated with 2-CdA at the time of relapse. Serum samples were available at 3- to 6-month intervals from 5 to 9 years before relapse and 2-CdA treatment RESULTS: sIL-2R levels increase only in patients who go on to relapse. sIL-2R levels doubled a mean of 17.1 months (range, 4-36 months) before absolute granulocyte count decreased by 50%. DISCUSSION: Demonstration of a rising serum sIL-2R level in patients with hairy cell leukemia identified those with an increased risk of relapse who need more frequent observation than patients who maintain a stable sIL-2R level. Early intervention may ameliorate the toxicity of salvage therapy because disease-related neutropenia may be anticipated.     

The soluble interleukin-2 receptor as a marker for human neoplasia and immune status.

Activation of T cells is associated with a dramatic increase in expression of the interleukin-2 receptor. In addition to the intact receptor found at the cell surface, activated T cells produce a truncated form of the receptor (sIL-2R) that is secreted as a soluble molecule. Patients with neoplastic disease or diseases involving immune activation exhibit markedly elevated serum levels of sIL-2R. Although the functional significance of sIL-2R is unknown, the ability to measure this parameter rapidly and accurately in serum samples makes it a potentially useful index for monitoring disease activity. Recent studies indicate that a rise in serum levels of sIL-2R in apparently healthy individuals could be an important early signal of neoplastic, autoimmune, or inflammatory disease. Moreover, subsequent to diagnosis, serum levels of sIL-2R appear to be a reliable indicator of tumor burden and therapeutic response for many patients with leukemia and lymphoma, an indicator of metastasis for patients with solid tumors, and an indicator of exacerbation and clinical response in patients with diseases associated with immune activation.     

Serum Human Leukocyte Antigen-G and Soluble Interleukin 2 Receptor Levels in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemic Pediatric Patients

Aims and Background: Human leukocyte antigen-G and interleukin-2 receptor play pivotal roles in theproliferation of lymphocytes, and thus generation of immune responses. Their overexpression has been evidencedin different malignant hematopoietic diseases. This study aimed to validate serum soluble human leukocyteantigen-G (sHLA-G) and serum soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R) as an additional tool for the diagnosisand follow up of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Subjects and Methods: Both markers were determined byELISA in the serum of 33 ALL pediatric patients before treatment and after intensification phase of chemotherapyas well as in the serum of 14 healthy donors that were selected as a control group. Results: ALL patients showedabnormal CBC and high serum lactate dehydrogenase, which were improved after chemotherapy. Also, therewas a non-significant increase in serum sHLA-G in ALL patients compared with the control group. However,after chemotherapy, sHLA-G was increased significantly compared with before treatment. On the other hand,serum sIL-2R in ALL patients was increased significantly compared with the control group. After chemotherapy,sIL-2R decreased significantly compared with before treatment. Conclusions: From these results it could besuggested that measurement of serum sHLA-G might be helpful in diagnosis of ALL, while sIL-2R might beuseful in diagnosis and follow-up of ALL in pediatric patients.