心脏不停跳冠状动脉旁路移植术在老年冠心病患者中的应用

通常认为 ,体外循环下的冠状动脉旁路移植术(CBP CABG)对老年患者手术风险较高。近年来 ,不停跳冠状动脉旁路移植术 (OP CABG)在临床中得到了广泛应用。我院 1999年 10月至 2 0 0 2年 5月 ,对 139例老年患者施行了OP CABG ,与同期 2 80例行CBP CABG的老年患者对比 ,以探讨OP CABG在老年患者中的应用价值。　　一、对象和方法　　 1.对象 :OP CABG组 139例 ,年龄 6 0～ 83岁 ,平均(6 7 5± 5 1)岁 ,男 98例 ,女 4 1例。CBP CABG组 2 80例 ,年龄 6 0～ 78岁 ,平均 (6 6 5± 4 1)岁 ;男 2 0 5例 ,女 75例。两组患者术前状…     

并行循环下不停跳冠状动脉旁路移植术在冠心病患者中的应用

目的 评价并行体外循环下不停跳冠状动脉旁路移植术在冠心病患者中的应用价值。方法 回顾性分析2008年1月至2013年1月于仁济医院心血管外科行并行体外循环不停跳下冠脉搭桥术(On-pump beating heart, OnPBH-CABG)患者42例（男性30例,女性12例）,选取非体外循环冠脉搭桥术(OPCAB)患者62例（男性46例,女性16例）对照,比较术前及围手术期临床资料。结果 并行循环组的术后早期临床效果良好,并行循环组呼吸机辅助时间（21.73±17.69h）、重症监护病房停留时间（4.64±2.11d）、院内死亡率（2.38%）以及术后各类并发症等术后指标均与OPCAB组差异无统计学意义。结论 并行体外循环下不停跳冠状动脉旁路移植术也是一种安全、有效的手术方式。     

不停跳冠状动脉旁路移植术对糖尿病患者术后早期结果的影响

目的探讨糖尿病对冠状动脉旁路移植术的手术病死率和并发症发生率的影响作用.方法回顾分析1995年10月-2004年1月958例择期行冠状动脉旁路移植术的患者,其中191例并发糖尿病.糖尿病和无糖尿病患者按是否应用体外循环进一步分为四组,对四组患者术前、术后资料进行对比分析.结果糖尿病组应用体外循环患者手术病死率为5.6%,糖尿病组不停跳冠状动脉旁路移植术患者为2.1%.结论糖尿病是影响冠状动脉旁路移植术预后的危险因素,不停跳冠状动脉旁路移植术能显著减少糖尿病患者的手术病死率和并发症发生率.     

心脏不停跳冠状动脉旁路移植术的中期随访分析

目的探讨心脏不停跳冠状动脉旁路移植术(OPCAB)的围手术期特点及中期随访结果分析。方法回顾性总结从1998年11月至2008年12月期间,我科实施的单纯冠状动脉旁路移植术患者的围术期资料,包括心脏停跳下冠状动脉旁路移植术(CCAB)92例和OPCAB 151例,比较分析了术前常见的危险因素和围手术期临床资料,并对术后7年中期随访情况进行比较分析。结果术前危险因素中,除年龄和糖尿病外其余在两组之间无明显差别。OPCAB组与CCAB组比较,平均远端血管吻合口数明显减少(3.08±0.76比3.34±0.76,P=0.025),手术时间、术后机械通气时间、术后ICU时间和术后住院天数则显著缩短,术后主要并发症(如低心排出量、IABP使用、肾功能不全)明显减少,住院死亡率无明显差别。术后中期随访结果显示OPCAB组射血分数显著比CCAB组高(63.1%±11.7%比59.0%±10.8%,P=0.049),OPCAB组血管桥闭塞率也明显高于CCAB组(44.7%比18.8%,P=0.022)。结论 OPCAB在术后恢复和术后主要并发症减少方面均明显优于CCAB。从术后中期的随访来看,OPCAB组射血分数显著高于CCAB组,显示OPCAB在心功能恢复方面优于CCAB。术后7年OPCAB组血管桥闭塞率显著高于CCAB组,说明OPCAB操作难度大,可能影响了血管桥的中期通畅率。     

常温不停跳冠状动脉旁路移植术的麻醉

目的：探讨常温不停跳冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG)的麻醉管理方法。方法：32例冠心病人在静脉吸入复合麻醉下行不停跳冠状动脉旁路移植术，术中心率控制于50—70次／min，平均动脉压大于60mmHg。结果：所有病例均顺利完成手术，无1例改用体外循环，术后恢复良好，无并发症发生。结论：不停跳冠状动脉旁路移植术具有创伤小，病人恢复快，费用低等优点，但对麻醉有更高的要求。     

非体外循环不停跳冠状动脉旁路移植术在高危冠心病治疗中的作用

目的回顾性研究696例高危冠心病患者接受不同方式冠状动脉旁路移植术的临床资料,评价分析OPCABG治疗高危冠心病的价值。方法 2000年7月至2010年6月696例高危冠状动脉旁路移植术患者(Eu-roSCORE大于6),696例高危冠心病患者根据手术方式分为OPCABG组和CABG组。比较OPCABG和CABG两组病例在术前资料、手术死亡率、EuroSCORE分值、并发症率(并发症包括围术期心肌梗死、出血、脑部并发症、新发心房颤动、急性肾功能衰竭、呼吸功能不全等)等数据,统计分析组间差异。结果 OPCABG组504例,EuroSCORE评分7.71±1.27;CABG组192例,EuroSCORE评分7.64±1.33。全部病例远端吻合口人均3.46±1.42个,ICU时间65.4±6.73 h,带气管插管时间16.4±6.9 h,并发症率27.9%,手术死亡率4.31%,EuroSCORE平均值7.68±1.30。两组病例术前资料在年龄、合并症、性别比例、心功能、EuroSCORE评分等方面差异无显著性。OPCABG组与CABG组在远端吻合口数量、手术时间、输血量、引流量、机械通气时间、重症监护时间、住院...     

体外循环辅助心脏不停跳冠状动脉旁路移植术在低射血分数患者中的应用

目的 对97例射血分数（EF）＜0.30的冠心病患者的体外循环辅助心脏不停跳冠状动脉旁路移植术（OPCAB）进行总结分析.方法 选择97例EF＜0.30的高危患者,全部采用体外循环辅助心脏不停跳冠状动脉旁路移植术,其中男性55例,女性42例.术前测定射血分数0.18～0.29（0.240±0.031）.合并心肌梗死史42例,不稳定型心绞痛49例,支架置入治疗史16例.NYHA心功能Ⅱ级39例、Ⅲ级35例、Ⅳ级23例.冠脉造影提示双支病变21例、多支病变65例、左主干病变11例,合并轻、中度二尖瓣反流43例,合并室壁瘤13例,左室血栓2例.超声心动图检查提示左心室舒张末期内径53～76 （61.3±4.2）mm.结果 97例患者均完成手术,平均远端吻合口（3.7±1.1）个,使用主动脉内球囊反搏37例,均在手术中安放.住院死亡2例.1例脑梗塞导致左侧肢体偏瘫,未愈出院,1例肺梗塞,保守治疗好转.随访2～21个月.出院后死亡3例,3例有心功能不全表现,需要长期强心利尿药物治疗.其余患者心功能良好,未再次接受心导管术.结论 低射血分数患者实施体外循环辅助心脏不停跳冠状动脉旁路移植手术有良好的可行性和近期效果,能有效降低手术与麻醉风险.     

体外循环不停跳冠状动脉旁路移植术治疗左冠状动脉主干完全闭塞

左冠状动脉主干（LMCA）完全闭塞是指冠状动脉造影左冠状动脉主干血管完全闭塞，TIMI血流0级。此类患者多发生突然死亡，所以在冠状动脉造影中很少见。文献报道其检出率占冠状动脉造影人群的0．04％-0．43％。1998--2006年我们对收治的6例LMCA慢性完全闭塞患者在体外循环不停跳下行冠状动脉旁路移植术（CABG），占同期CABG的0．36％，效果良好，现报告如下。     

门冬氨酸钾镁在预防不停跳冠状动脉旁路移植术后心房纤颤发生的作用

目的:观察门冬氨酸钾镁在预防不停跳冠状动脉旁路移植(OPCABG)术后心房纤颤发生的作用。方法:所有入选160例患者均第1次接受OPCABG,且术前均为窦性心律。将患者随机分为试药组和对照组(每组80例)。试药组为术后3 d每天静脉内输注门冬氨酸钾镁4 g,对照组术后3 d每天输注安慰剂。排除标准:过去存在房颤病史,安装过心脏起搏器,术后心肌梗死,术中改为停跳搭桥的患者,肾功能不全患者。研究终点是术后发生房颤。结果:试药组房颤发生率为9%,对照组房颤发生率为19%,显著高于试药组(P0.01)。试药组ICU停留时间显著短于对照组[(2.6±1.3)d vs.(3.6±1.2)d,P0.05]。结论:术后连续3 d应用门冬氨酸钾镁可以安全有效减少OPCABG术后房颤的发生率。     

不停跳冠状动脉旁路移植术后早期感染相关指标的诊断价值分析

目的:探讨降钙素原(PCT)、WBC、中性粒细胞百分比(NE％)和体温(BT)对不停跳冠状动脉旁路移植术(OPCABG)术后早期感染的诊断价值.方法:本研究为回顾性病例对照研究,收集2019年1月至2019年12月,北京安贞医院心脏外科危重症中心诊疗的术后患者1 167例.依据术后7d内是否感染分为感染组和对照组.收集...     

Mid-term outcomes of off-pump versus on-pump coronary artery bypass graft surgery

OBJECTIVE:

To evaluate survival and readmissions to hospital for cardiac events or coronary revascularization (REVASC) in patients having off-pump (OPCAB) versus conventional on-pump (CCAB) coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG).

METHODS:

Of 11,368 consecutive patients undergoing isolated CABG between 1996 and 2002, 514 had OPCAB surgery. Using propensity scores, 503 CCAB patients were randomly matched to 503 OPCAB patients.

RESULTS:

There were no clinical or statistical differences between the two groups for any prognostic variable. However, OPCAB patients received significantly fewer distal anastomoses than the CCAB group (2.6±1.0 versus 3.1±1.0; P<0.001). There was no difference in operative mortality (OPCAB 1.0%, CCAB 1.4%; P=0.6), but the OPCAB group had significantly fewer operative strokes (0.2% versus 1.8%; P=0.01). Follow-up was 99.7% complete at 2.2±1.2 years (range 0 to 6 years). Twice as many OPCAB patients (n=24) required REVASC compared with the CCAB (n=11) group. The following five-year actuarial outcomes are presented for CCAB and OPCAB, respectively: survival: 77±6%, 76±8%, P=0.8; freedom from REVASC: 95±3%, 92±2%, P=0.02; and cardiac event-free survival: 76±5%, 62±8%; P=0.05. Cox regression revealed that OPCAB was a significant independent predictor of poorer freedom from REVASC (RR 2.2, 95% CI 1.0 to 4.6; P=0.04) and cardiac event-free survival (RR 1.6, 95%CI 1.1 to 2.2; P=0.02).

CONCLUSIONS:

The use of OPCAB remains controversial. These results, from this early experience, suggest that despite improved hospital outcomes, the lesser degree of REVASC raises concerns about the need for repeat revascularization in the OPCAB group.     

非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术对血小板功能的影响

目的 探讨非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术对患者凝血及血小板功能的影响。方法 回顾分析了2015年1～4月间82例行非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术的患者的临床资料,男性60例,女性22例,年龄（65.27±8.41）岁,体重（61.22±9.74）kg,通过对患者术前与术后血液血栓弹力图进行分析,记录R时间、K时间、α角、MA值、INHADP及INHAA等指标变化。结果 手术前后R时间、K时间、α角未见统计学差异（P>0.05）;与术前相比,术后MA值显著降低（56.6±12.1比60.8±9.7）、INHADP（61.2±17.7比30.7±12.4）及INHAA（31.6±13.9比16.9±9.8）显著增高（P<0.05）。结论 非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术造成患者血小板损伤,影响患者凝血功能。     

NSTEMI患者行非体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植术的时机选择

目的:探讨非ST段抬高型急性心肌梗死(NSTEMI)患者行非体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植术(OPCAB)的时机选择。方法:回顾性分析我院心脏外科2009年5月至2015年5月完成的261例行OPCAB的NSTEMI患者资料,按术前心肌肌钙蛋白Ⅰ(cTnⅠ)水平分为两组。A组cTnⅠ0.15ng/mL(n=103),B组cTnⅠ≤0.15ng/mL(n=158),比较两组患者手术时间、血流动力学参数、术后住院时间及术后并发症等情况。结果:术后30d内A组死亡4例(3.9%),B组死亡2例(1.3%),两组比较无统计学差异(P0.05)。多因素分析提示高龄、术前cTnⅠ0.15ng/mL、NSTEMI后10d内手术为术后30d内主要心脑血管不良事件(MACCEs)发生的独立危险因素(P0.05)。结论:为减少术后MACCEs事件的发生,建议于发生NSTEMI 10d后,且cTnⅠ降至0.15ng/mL以下时行OPCAB术。     

Readmission and mortality in patients undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery with fast-track recovery protocol

The development of less invasive methods for myocardial revascularization such as “off-pump” cardiac surgery, and new methods of anesthesia and postoperative care protocols such as “fast-track recovery” (FTRC), have contributed to a significant reduction in postoperative intensive care unit (ICU) and hospital length of stay after cardiac surgical procedures. The objectives of this study were to identify perioperative risk factors of prolonged hospital stay, hospital mortality, and readmission rates in off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG) patients undergoing the FTRC protocol. Eighty consecutive patients undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery with FTRC protocol were included in the study. For the first purpose of this protocol, early extubation is defined as removal of the endotracheal tube within 6 h of arrival at the surgical ICU. The second purpose was to obtain a minimal length of stay in the ICU (<24 h) and hospital discharge within 5 days. We analyzed the influence of the preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative variables on prolonged hospital stay, hospital mortality, and hospital readmission. Three patients died during hospitalization, giving a hospital mortality rate of 3.75%. The causes of hospital death were massive stroke and sepsis. Using multivariate logistic regression analysis, hypertension (P = 0.0185), postoperative stroke (P = 0.0001), and sternal infection (P = 0.0007) were identified as independent predictors of hospital mortality. Mean hospital length of stay was 4.23 ± 0.75 days. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that postoperative blood use (P = 0.0095) was the major independent predictor of prolonged hospital stay. During the 30-day observation period, seven patients were readmitted. One of these patients died on postoperative day 45 from mediastinitis and sepsis. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified age (P = 0.0033) and hypertension (P = 0.045) as independent predictors of hospital readmission. FTRC protocols can be performed safely in patients with off-pump CABG, and the mortality and readmission rates following this protocol were found to be within acceptable ranges.     

Initial experience with off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting

Off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCAB) is clearly preferable for patients with extracardiac complications. The aim of this study was to evaluate the initial outcome of OPCAB, and its validity for patients with extracardiac complications. One hundred and fifty-seven consecutive coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) patients were divided into two groups: 30 OPCAB patients and 127 on-pump CABG patients. The early outcomes of the two groups were compared. Preoperatively, OPCAB patients had more extracardiac risk factors than on-pump CABG patients. There were no differences in age or cardiac function between the groups, but the off-pump group had a higher incidence of previous surgery, cerebrovascular disease, and renal failure. There were no differences in graft patency, stroke, or mortality between the two groups, even though the OPCAB patients had more risk factors than the on-pump patients. Our initial experience with OPCAB showed that it is acceptable for high-risk patients in view of the serious nature of their extracardiac condition. Received: April 12, 2001 / Accepted: August 17, 2001     

非体外循环心脏跳动下冠状动脉搭桥418例临床分析

目的总结418例非体外循环下冠脉搭桥术的临床经验。方法在非体外循环下行冠脉搭桥术418例,其中经正中切口414例,左外侧小切口4例。患者搭桥数目1￣5(3.1±0.9)根,应用左侧乳内动脉274根,桡动脉21根。结果术后气管插管时间为2￣6h,平均胸腔引流量为(365.0±23.0)ml,输库血146例(34.9%),二次开胸12例(2.9%),早期心肌梗死4例(0.9%),心绞痛6例(1.4%),心功能不全8例(1.9%),心律失常30例(7.2%),早期死亡4例(0.9%)。结论非体外循环下冠脉搭桥术创伤小,并发症少。     

门冬氨酸钾镁与氯化钾对非停跳冠状动脉旁路移植术围术期心律失常作用的比较

目的:观察非停跳冠状动脉旁路移植术(off-pump coronary artery bypass graft,OPCABG)中应用门冬氨酸钾镁(potassium magnesium aspartate,PMA)对围术期心律失常的影响。方法:将50例OPCABG患者随机分为门冬氨酸钾镁组(A组,n=25),氯化钾组(B组,n=25),在麻醉诱导后分别静脉持续滴入门冬氨酸钾镁及氯化钾溶液。2组术中及术后24h血浆钾浓度均维持在4.5～5.5mmol/L;分别记录术毕(T0)、术后4h(T1)、24h(T2)、48h(T3)、72h(T4)心律失常的发生率及血浆钾、镁离子水平。结果:A组与B组相比,术后心律失常较少,血浆镁离子浓度在T0、T1及T2时点明显高于B组,血浆钾离子浓度差异无统计学意义。结论:门冬氨酸钾镁可以安全应用于OPCABG,且可预防和治疗围术期的心律失常。     

急性等溶血液稀释在非停跳冠状动脉搭桥术中的血液保护效果

目的:评价急性等溶血液稀释(ANH)在非停跳冠状动脉搭桥术中血液保护的临床效果。方法:选择非停跳冠状动脉搭桥术患者60例,随机分为血液稀释组(A组,n=30例)和对照组(C组,n=30例)。A组于麻醉平稳后经中心静脉采血,同时输入等容量胶体液,将红细胞压积稀释到30%。血液稀释后各时点记录血流动力学及Hb变化情况。记录2组患者术前,术后4 h、24 h、48 h红细胞血小板等变化情况,同时记录血浆用量、浓缩红细胞用量、术后4 h,24 h引流量等指标。结果:2组患者术前一般情况差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。A组血浆及浓缩红细胞用量显著低于C组(P<0.05)。结论:在非停跳冠状动脉搭桥术患者应用适度ANH可减少术中、术后异体血液用量。     

The real-world outcomes of off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery in a public health care system

BACKGROUND: The population-based results of off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery (OPCAB) in a public health care system have not been reported. OBJECTIVE: The study objective was to compare the one-year outcomes of OPCAB with those of the standard on-pump coronary artery bypass surgery (ONCAB) in the province of Ontario. METHODS: The present study was a retrospective, population-based study (n=15,172, with 1660 OPCAB patients) undertaken in fiscal years 2000 and 2001 using clinical and administrative data. Multivariate regression modelling for risk adjustment and propensity matching were used to compare OPCAB with ONCAB for one-year outcomes, including death, repeat revascularization and cardiac readmission. RESULTS: The rate of OPCAB was 11%, with institutional rates ranging from 3% to 51%. OPCAB patients were more likely to be female and older than 79 years of age, with peripheral vascular disease and higher socioeconomic status. OPCAB patients were less likely to have surgically significant coronary disease, poor left ventricular function, an urgent status, congestive heart failure and diabetes. The risk-adjusted one-year composite outcome was higher for OPCAB (11.8%, 95% CI 10.40% to 13.29%) than ONCAB (10.8%, 95% CI 10.23% to 11.27%); however, this difference was eliminated with propensity matching. OPCAB patients had shorter hospital lengths of stay and lower blood product transfusion rates than ONCAB patients. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the minimal use of OPCAB in Canada's public health care system, outcome rates are similar to those of ONCAB. The benefits of OPCAB observed in randomized trials, including shorter hospital lengths of stay and lower transfusion rates, remained true in the investigators' real-world experience. The results OPCAB were at least equivalent to those of ONCAB.     

45岁以下冠状动脉搭桥患者71例临床观察

目的:冠状动脉旁路手术已成为冠心病患者的有效治疗手段之一,青年冠心病患者逐年增多,分析我科10余年来45岁以下冠状动脉搭桥患者的临床特点。方法:连续71例45岁以下冠心病患者,在非体外循环下行冠状动脉搭桥术(Off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting,OPCAB)。对于术前确诊无左心室附壁血栓的室壁瘤患者,在OPCAB同时行左心室室壁瘤缝缩术。对于冠状动脉存在弥散性病变的患者,采用冠状动脉内膜剥脱术式。而对右冠状动脉存在弥散性病变且管径细小的患者,施行选择性冠状静脉动脉化。并对患者例数变化、旁路血管移植支数、同期采用术式、愈后、并发症发生情况及OPCAB移植血管应用情况等指标进行总结。结果:患者平均移植旁路血管(3.0±0.7)支。术后死亡2例(2.8%)。29例施行全动脉化搭桥。同期行左心室室壁瘤折叠缝缩术7例。冠状动脉内膜剥脱术1例。1996年10月至2008年12月接受OPCAB手术的患者数量与比例逐年上升,但从2006年开始,45岁以下冠心病患者接受OPCAB手术呈逐年减少趋势,与其他年龄组患者相比,双乳内动脉搭桥比例高(P<0.05)。而搭桥数目差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:青年冠状动脉搭桥患者男性比例高,冠状动脉病变弥散,双乳内动脉搭桥比例高。对于远端血管纤细的患者,可以采用选择性冠状静脉动脉化手术,近期效果满意。