380例原发性高血压患者血压昼夜节律与左心室肥厚的关系

目的 分析原发性高血压患者血压昼夜节律消失与左心室肥厚的关系.方法 对380例高血压痛患者24小时动态血压监测与超声心动图左室重量指数之间的相关性进行比较.结果 高血压患者血压昼夜节律消失组左心室肥厚检出率(48.04％)显著高于血压昼夜节律存在者(10.80％),两组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).结论 血压昼夜节律消失是导致左室肥厚的重要因素,对高血压患者应重视血压昼夜节律的监测,治疗高血压不仅要降压,更应关注24h的血压是否获得平稳控制,应合理选取降压药物及给药时间.     

高血压与时间治疗学

人体血压的昼夜节律现象具有重要临床意义,不同降压药物或不同时间用药对血压的昼夜节律产生不同影响。因此,对于高血压患者应根据其血压节律特征确定个体化的治疗方案。     

何时停用降压药

在我国原发性高血压、即病因不明确的高血压占全部高血压患者总数的95％以上。正因为其原因不明,所以缺乏针对病因进行治疗的根本性治疗方法,现行的降压药物治疗无非是对症处理措施,服药时可以控制血压,停药后血压往往又恢复到服药前的水平。因此,为保证血压正常,高血压患者一般需要长期服用降压药维持治疗。     

左旋氨氯地平对高血压昼夜血压影响的临床研究

目的研究高血压患者早晚服用长效钙离子拮抗剂(CCB)马来酸左旋氨氯地平对昼夜血压的影响。方法对41例原发性高血压患者行动态血压检测,分为2组;A组,即杓型组(n=18);B组,即非杓型组(n=23),将B组患者又分左旋氨氯地平早晨组(n=11)与晚上组(n=12),口服剂量2.5mg/1次/d。治疗第8周末复查动态血压。结果早晨和晚上服药组平均日间收缩压(dSBP)与舒张压(dDBP)、夜间收缩压(nSBP)与舒张压(nDBP)水平较治疗前下降(P<0.05);早、晚服药对dSBP、dDBP的降压无统计学意义(P>0.05),而对nSBP、nDBP的降压有统计学意义(P<0.05)。晚上服药使高血压非杓型转为杓型比例高于早晨服药。结论晚上服用左旋氨氯地平能使部分非杓型血压转变为杓型血压,更有效地控制血压,稳定夜间血压,保护靶器官。     

中老年高血压患者服药情况及动态血压监测的调查分析

目的探讨中老年高血压患者的服药情况及动态血压监测变化情况。方法在2015年4月至2016年4月沈阳市第四人民医院门诊及住院诊断为高血压的患者中随机抽取440例,分析其一般资料、降压药物服用情况及24 h动态血压监测结果等。结果本组440例高血压患者中,35例患者未服用任何降压药物,占8.0%;131例患者为单药治疗,其中,84例患者服用短效药物,占64.1%,47例患者服用长效药物,占35.9%;274例患者为联合治疗,其中,196例患者为短效联合用药,占71.5%,78例患者为中长效联合用药,占28.5%。服用短效单药与中长效单药患者的杓型、非杓型、清晨高血压比例对比,结果有显著性差异(P<0.05);短效联合用药与中长效联合用药患者的杓型、非杓型、清晨高血压比例对比,结果有显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论在高血压患者的临床治疗过程中,采用中长效药物有着较短效药物更为显著的效果,且联合用药疗效优于单药治疗,能对患者血压水平进行控制,且能对其血压的昼夜节律进行调整。     

时间治疗学在非杓型高血压病治疗中的应用分析

目的 分析时间治疗学在非杓型高血压治疗中的应用效果.方法 非杓型高血压患者76例随机分为治疗组和对照组各38例,根据不同时间给药,对照组在早晨6∶00～7∶00服用降压药物,治疗组在晚上18∶00～19∶00服用降压药物,在治疗前及治疗后1个月分别行动态血压监测.结果 2组治疗后血压均低于治疗前,治疗组治疗后夜间收缩压、舒张压均低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01和P<0.05).治疗组显效率为92.1%高于对照组的63.2%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).结论 应用时间治疗学,能使血压控制到比较理想的水平,多数患者可恢复24h血压的昼夜节律,降低靶器官损害.     

睡前勿服降压药

有些患高血压的病人担心晚上睡眠中会突然发生意外,以为服药后血压下降,可以舒舒服服地睡觉,所以总是在临睡前服用降压药物。这是不科学的,这样做更易发生意外。 高血压病人服用降压药的目的,是为了控制血压过高,减轻心脏负荷和高血压对血管壁的压力。由于血压有昼夜节律的变动,当人体处于睡眠状态时,血压多可自然下降20％,而且以睡后两小     

高血压的时间治疗用药方案

人体血压的昼夜节律变化具有重要的临床意义。不同降压药物或不同时间用药对血压的昼夜节律产生不同影响。本文根据血压调节的时间生物学特性以及降压药物疗效的新指标,对高血压治疗的时间用药方案进行综述。     

时间治疗学在非杓型高血压病治疗中的应用分析

目的分析时间治疗学在非杓型高血压治疗中的应用效果。方法非杓型高血压患者76例随机分为治疗组和对照组各38例,根据不同时间给药,对照组在早晨6：00～7：00服用降压药物,治疗组在晚上18：00～19：00服用降压药物,在治疗前及治疗后1个月分别行动态血压监测。结果 2组治疗后血压均低于治疗前,治疗组治疗后夜间收缩压、舒张压均低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.01和P〈0.05）。治疗组显效率为92.1%高于对照组的63.2%,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。结论应用时间治疗学,能使血压控制到比较理想的水平,多数患者可恢复24h血压的昼夜节律,降低靶器官损害。     

硝苯地平控释片对老年非杓型高血压患者昼夜节律变化的影响

目的研究硝苯地平控释片对老年非杓型高血压患者昼夜节律变化的影响。方法对58例老年非杓型高血压患者随机分为硝苯地平控释片晨起服药组（n=30）和晚上服药组（n=28）30mg/d,共治疗4周,服药前后进行动态血压监测,观察药物对血压昼夜变异率的影响。结果晚上服药组夜间平均SBP和DBP均较晨起服药组明显下降,对非杓型血压的昼夜节律调节有效率明显高于晨起服药组（SBP：89．29％,DBP92．86％）。结论对于老年非杓型高血压患者,硝苯地平控释片在晚上服用可以较好地纠正夜间的高负荷血压,维持正常的昼夜变化节律。     

不同时间给药对非杓型高血压的影响

目的 探讨不同时间服用氨氯地平对非杓型高血压患者血压昼夜节律的影响.方法 经动态血压监测,选取非杓型高血压患者84例,随机分为两组:晨起服药组(n=42)和睡前服药组(n=42),分别于7:00～9:00和20:00～22:00服用氨氯地平5 mg,连续治疗12周.给药前后分别进行动态血压监测,观察晨起服药组和睡前服药对非杓型高血压患者昼夜血压节律的影响.结果 晨起服药组与睡前服药组在治疗后24 h平均收缩压及舒张压均明显降低(P<0.05),与晨起服药组相比睡前服药组夜间收缩压和舒张压明显下降(P<0.05),睡前服药组对非杓型高血压的血压模式明显改善,两组有效率分别为16.7%和47.6%(P<0.01).结论 对非杓型高血压患者采取睡前服用氨氯地平不但可以有效降低血压,还可以改善异常的血压昼夜节律,从而更好地保护靶器官.     

Management of antihypertensive treatment with Lisinopril: a chronotherapeutic approach

Risk for cardiovascular events seems to be higher in the early morning, also as consequence of a rise in blood pressure (BP) values due to the characteristic circadian pattern of BP variability. Therefore, a suitable therapeutic BP control should be tightest during the early morning. On the basis of the ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) studies, it has been previously demonstrated that the antihypertensive effect of once daily drug, generally administrated in the morning, decreases at the end of the dosing period. A chronotherapeutic approach to the management of hypertension (this field has been pourly investigated so far) would allow the assessment of the optimum timing of drug dosing, according to the circadian BP rhythm and to the chronorisk maps, in hypertensive patients affected by associated vascular pathologies. This would increase the therapeutic effects. The aim of this study was to assess BP changes due to ACE-inhibitor (Lisinopril 20 mg/die) once daily administration at three different times (8.00 AM, 4.00 PM, 10.00 PM), in order to optimise the dosing time. 40 subjects (mean age +/- SD: 45 +/- 10) affected by primary mild to moderate hypertension were submitted to ABPM for 24 hours, by means of Spacelabs 90207, before and after pharmacological treatment. Patients were randomised to take the drug at 8.00 AM, 4.00 PM or 10.00 PM, and they repeated ABPM every two months, by changing the dosing time. The chronobiological analysis showed: 1) a sensible decrease both in Systolic (S)BP and Diastolic (D)BP without affecting the circadian rhythm, in all evaluations; 2) a greater reduction of SBP and DBP from 6.00 AM to 11.00 AM, period in which cardiovascular risk is higher, after 10.00 PM dosing; 3) no other sensible reduction in SBP and DBP occurred after night administration as compared to that caused by other dosing times. Lisinopril administration at 10.00 PM. has been shown to be much more useful since, although BP circadian rhythm was unmodified, it protects hypertensive patients from both vascular chronorisk and Cruickshank effect (J-curve). Therefore, a chronobiologist antihypertensive treatment in order to increase the therapeutic effect already obtained with the traditional statistic methods.     

Chronotherapy of hypertension: administration-time-dependent effects of treatment on the circadian pattern of blood pressure

Some specific features of the 24-hour blood pressure (BP) pattern are linked to the progressive injury of target tissues and the triggering of cardiac and cerebrovascular events. Thus, there is growing interest in how to best tailor the treatment of hypertensive patients according to the circadian BP pattern of each individual. Significant administration-time differences in the kinetics (i.e., chronokinetics) plus beneficial and adverse effects (i.e., chronodynamics) of antihypertensive medications are well known. Thus, bedtime dosing with nifedipine GITS is more effective than morning dosing, while also significantly reducing adverse effects. The dose-response curve, therapeutic coverage, and efficacy of doxazosin GITS are all markedly dependent on the circadian time of drug administration. Moreover, valsartan administration at bedtime, as opposed to upon wakening, results in an improved diurnal/nocturnal BP ratio, increased percentage of controlled patients, and significant reduction in urinary albumin excretion in hypertensive patients. Chronotherapy provides a means of individualizing the treatment of hypertension according to the circadian BP profile of each patient, and constitutes a new option to optimize BP control and to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease (myocardial infarction and stroke) and of end-organ injury of the blood vessels and tissue of the heart, brain, kidney, eye, and other organs.     

Morning sudden cardiac death

A circadian variation of cardiac function with peak in the early morning was documented about twenty years ago. A circadian rhythm of platelet aggregability, in the same time of the day, was demonstrated in healthy young male subjects. The morning hours were also reported as crucial for sympathetic nervous system activity, for heart rate variability, and for the abrupt rise in blood pressure. Altogether, these trigger factors may explain the high incidence of sudden cardiac death during the morning. In the primary prevention of sudden death in patients with high cardiovascular risk, many strategies were proposed, such as implantable cardioverter-defibrillators, antiarrhythmic and antihypertensive therapies, particularly beta-blockers and more recently, aspirin. Also in subjects without cardiovascular risk factors, it is predictable that early and continuous administration of low-dose aspirin, by inhibiting platelet aggregation and thrombin formation, particularly in morning hours, may represent an effective therapy for the prevention of myocardial infarction and morning sudden cardiac death.     

Effect of slow release nifedipine tablets in patients with essential hypertension.

The antihypertensive effect of slow release nifedipine (CAS 21829-25-4) tablets (20 mg, Adalat) administered once or twice daily was studied in patients with essential hypertension of WHO stage I or II. Ambulatory blood pressure was monitored by a finger volume oscillometric device every 5 min for 24 h before and during the treatment with nifedipine. Whether administered once or twice daily, nifedipine tablets dit not change the pattern of circadian blood pressure variation; i.e. diurnal rise and nocturnal fall. Twice daily administration induced a significant downward shift in the blood pressure pattern. In other words, further hypotensive effect was observed during the night when the blood pressure was already low. On the other hand, administration once daily in the morning lowered daytime blood pressure without affecting blood pressure during the night. The duration of action of nifedipine tablets administered once daily was 12 h or more. In the acute experiment using 20 mg tablets of nifedipine, plasma concentration of nifedipine was well correlated with the percentage change in mean blood pressure. The minimal effective plasma concentration of nifedipine was estimated to be 13.4 ng/ml. However, in chronic treatment, nifedipine lowered blood pressure at the plasma concentration of 10 ng/ml. The results indicate that nifedipine tablets administered once daily provide an effective antihypertensive regimen for controlling daytime hypertension with minimal antihypertensive effect during the night.     

Effect of morning and bedtime dosing with cilnidipine on blood pressure, heart rate, and sympathetic nervous activity in essential hypertensive patients

Cilnidipine has a blocking action against N-type calcium channels as well as L-type calcium channels. We studied the effect of morning and bedtime dosing on circadian variation of blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), and activity of the autonomic nervous system, using an open randomized crossover study in 13 essential hypertensive patients. An automated device allowed 24-hour monitoring of ambulatory BP and HR and the power spectrum of the R-R interval, at the observation period, the morning dosing regimen, and the bedtime dosing regimen. Morning dosing and bedtime dosing with cilnidipine reduced the average systolic BP over 24 hours, during daytime, and during nighttime. The average HR and the average LF/HF ratio over 24 hours, during daytime, and during nighttime, were similar for the three periods. Both morning and bedtime dosing reduced the maximum systolic BP in the early morning and suppressed the morning rise of BP, which were accompanied by partial inhibition of the increase in LF/HF ratio. Our results show that cilnidipine administered once daily is an efficient antihypertensive drug regardless of the time of dosing, without reflex tachycardia and increase in sympathetic nervous activity, and with partial inhibition of the morning activation of the sympathetic nervous system.     

IgA肾病患者血压节律和血浆B型钠尿肽变化的临床价值

目的探讨IgA肾病患者血压节律与水钠负荷的关系。方法选择2008年2月-2012年1月收治的原发性IgA肾病103例,收集临床和病理资料。采用动态血压监测和血浆B型钠尿肽（BNP）测定观察患者的血压昼夜节律和夜间水钠负荷情况。结果本研究中高血压发生率为53.4%。高血压组中89.0%的患者呈非勺型血压节律,有10例（18.2%）甚至出现反勺型血压节律。正常血压组中54.2%的患者呈非勺型血压,两组比较有显著差异（P〈0.05）。高血压组的血浆BNP浓度显著高于正常血压组（P〈0.05）。高血压组90.9%的患者存在动脉内膜增厚,显著多于正常血压组（P〈0.05）。两组患者的尿蛋白量、血清肌酐（Scr）、白蛋白（Alb）、胆固醇（Chl）、肾小球滤过率（GFR）、CKD分期、HASS分级、左室收缩末期内径（LVDs）、舒张末期内径（LVDd）和射血分数（EF）均无显著差异（P〉0.05）。结论 IgA肾病在较早阶段即可出现血压昼夜节律的变化,该节律变化与血浆BNP水平相关,提示水钠负荷异常是IgA肾病发生血压昼夜节律变化的重要因素。限钠和临睡加用相应降压药可能有益于IgA肾病血压控制和血压节律的恢复。     

Circadian rhythm of plasma uric acid and handling stress-induced hyperuricemia in conscious cebus monkeys.

An apparent circadian rhythm of plasma uric acid and the effect of handling stress on plasma uric acid level in conscious cebus monkeys were demonstrated. The lowest level of plasma uric acid in the circadian rhythm occurred early in the morning and the highest, before bedtime at night. With experimental handling stress, the plasma uric acid level rose to much more than the maximum level of the circadian rhythm. Stress-induced hyperuricemia could be inhibited without an increase of urinary uric acid excretion by the minor tranquilizer diazepam at doses of more than 1 mg/kg, p.o. On the other hand, benzbromarone at 20 mg/kg, p.o. significantly inhibited the hyperuricemia with a hyperuricosuric effect, while probenecid at 50 mg/kg, p.o. had no effect on either the increased plasma uric acid or urinary uric acid excretion. Accordingly, it is concluded that the plasma uric acid level in conscious cebus monkeys easily fluctuates with experimental conditions and that the animals can be utilized to evaluate the hypouricemic and hyperuricosuric property of benzbromarone-like agents.     

行为转变理论对高血压前期患者血压昼夜节律变化的影响

目的 探讨行为转变理论(TTM)对高血压前期患者血压昼夜节律变化的影响效果.方法 选择120例高血压前期患者为研究对象,按时间顺序分为对照组和干预组各60例,对照组按常规健康指导,干预组按照行为转变理论模式的不同阶段采取相应干预措施.干预后测评患者的动态血压特点、血压昼夜节律变化、晨峰与昼夜节律出现频率.结果 干预后干预组非杓型患者仅有1l例,10例出现晨峰现象,41例出现血压昼夜节律变化,与对照组比较差异均有统计学意义(均P＜0.01).结论 行为转变理论对高血压前期患者血压昼夜节律变化有明显效果,利于血压的控制.