脑卒中后非体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植术后神经系统并发症研究

目的:研究既往脑卒中病史与非体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植术(off-pump coronary arterybypass grafting,OPCABG)后神经系统并发症(neurological complication,NC)的相关性。方法:收集2010年7月至2012年7月间,住院行OPCABG的患者469例,其中既往有脑卒中病史患者为病例组共69例,无脑卒中病史患者为对照组共400例,对比研究术后7d的NC发病率。结果:术后NC总发病率为22.0%(103/469),既往有脑卒中病史患者NC发病率明显高于无脑卒中病史患者(36.2%vs.19.5%,P=0.002)。病例组年龄、高血压患病率高于对照组(P<0.005)。Logistic多因素回归分析显示,脑卒中病史(OR=2.172,95%CI:1.076～4.385,P=0.030)、颈部血管狭窄(OR=1.751,95%CI:1.019～3.009,P=0.042)为OPCABG术后NC的独立危险因素。结论:既往脑卒中患者OPCABG术后NC发病率明显高于无脑卒中患者,脑卒中病史、颈部血管狭窄为OPCABG术后NC发生的危险因素。     

术前颈动脉评估与非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术后神经系统并发症的相关性

目的探讨非体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植术(OPCAB)后神经系统并发症(NC)的发病率及其危险因素,并观察颈动脉狭窄与术后NC的关系。方法收集2010年7月~2012年7月住北京安贞医院行OPCAB患者556例,术前完善患者一般情况及既往史,采集头部CT平扫及颈动脉超声结果;术前及术后7d评估患者神经系统功能,判断术后是否发生NC,分为NC组118例与非NC组438例;分析术后NC的危险因素,并探讨颈动脉狭窄与术后NC的相关性。结果术后NC总发病率为21.2%,其中脑梗死0.7%,缺血缺氧性脑病2.9%,谵妄为0.7%,术后认知功能障碍10.6%,焦虑、抑郁状态4.9%。与非NC组比较,NC组脑卒中、颈动脉狭窄显著升高(P<0.05)。多因素logisitic回归分析显示,随着颈动脉狭窄程度增加,术后发生NC的风险逐渐增加。与颈动脉无狭窄的患者比较,重度狭窄患者术后发生NC的OR值为2.23(95%CI:1.08~4.61,P=0.030)。结论OPCAB术后NC发病率较高,随着颈动脉狭窄程度增加,术后发生NC的风险逐渐增加。     

非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术后新发脑梗死的危险因素分析

目的分析非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术(OPCABG)术后新发脑梗死的危险因素。方法收集北京安贞医院住院的398例OPCABG患者的临床资料,根据术后是否出现新发脑梗死分为脑梗死组42例和无脑梗死组356例。分析OPCABG术后新发脑梗死的危险因素。结果脑梗死组颈动脉重度狭窄或闭塞、术后低血压及脑梗死病史显著高于无脑梗死组(21.4%vs 3.4%,26.2%vs 9.8%,23.8%vs 4.2%,P0.01)。多因素logistic回归分析显示,颈动脉重度狭窄或闭塞伴术后低血压(OR:4.226,95%CI:1.441~12.391,P=0.009)及脑梗死病史(OR:4.113,95%CI:1.499~11.289,P=0.006)是术后新发脑梗死的独立危险因素。结论术前充分评估高危患者的脑血管储备功能,对预防术后新发脑梗死有重要意义。     

非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术后早期认知功能障碍的临床研究

目的:研究非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术(OPCABG)术后早期认知功能障碍(POCD)发生的危险因素。方法:收集2012年1月至2015年1月期间,在北京安贞医院住院行OPCABG的患者127例,根据术后是否出现POCD分为认知障碍组62例和非认知障碍组65例,分析OPCABG后POCD发生的危险因素。结果:POCD组颈动脉重度狭窄或闭塞的比率高于未发生POCD组(P0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,颈动脉重度狭窄或闭塞(OR=3.500,95%CI:1.177~10.403,P=0.024)是POCD发生的独立危险因素。结论:颈动脉重度狭窄或闭塞是POCD的独立危险因素,术前应加强对颈动脉狭窄的筛查,谨慎评估手术风险,旨在减少术后POCD的发生。     

冠心病患者冠状动脉旁路移植术后疲劳现状、影响因素及路径分析

背景近年来冠心病发病率不断升高,冠状动脉旁路移植术是临床治疗冠心病的有效手段之一,但患者术后疲劳状况逐渐引起重视。目的探讨冠心病患者冠状动脉旁路移植术后疲劳现状及其影响因素,并进行路径分析。方法选取唐山工人医院、开滦总医院2019年8月—2020年5月收治的行冠状动脉旁路移植术的冠心病患者324例,记录患者术前、术后3 d、术后7 d及出院当天疲劳视觉模拟评分量表(VAS)、简式简明心境问卷(POMS-SF)、匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI)量表、疼痛评分。采用多因素Logistic回归分析探讨冠心病患者术后3 d疲劳程度的影响因素;采用Pearson相关分析及路径分析探讨冠心病患者冠状动脉旁路移植术不同时间节点VAS评分、POMS-SF评分、PSQI量表评分、疼痛评分之间的关系。结果(1)冠心病患者术前疲劳VAS评分为(2.5±1.5)分,术后3 d为(7.9±1.1)分,术后7 d为(5.8±1.1)分,出院当天为(3.4±1.1)分。患者术前、术后3 d、术后7 d、出院当天疲劳程度比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。(2)将术后3 d轻度疲劳患者分为轻度组(n=2),中度疲劳患者分为中度组(n=109),重度疲劳患者分为重度组(n=213)。三组患者性别、年龄、文化程度、术后并发症发生率及POMS-SF评分、PSQI量表评分、疼痛评分比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,年龄[OR=0.297,95%CI(0.166,0.531)]、文化程度[小学以下:OR=34.226,95%CI(3.428,341.737);小学:OR=35.339,95%CI(4.567,273.483);初中:OR=13.280,95%CI(1.530,115.455)]、术后并发症[OR=2.719,95%CI(1.380,5.356)]、POMS-SF评分[OR=1.101,95%CI(1.052,1.152)]、疼痛评分[OR=1.528,95%CI(1.194,1.956)]是冠心病患者术后3 d疲劳程度的影响因素(P<0.05)。(3)Pearson相关分析结果显示,冠心病患者术前疲劳VAS评分与术前PSQI量表评分、疼痛评分均呈正相关(P<0.05);术后3 d、术后7 d及出院当天疲劳VAS评分均分别与术后3 d、术后7 d及出院当天的POMS-SF评分、PSQI量表评分、疼痛评分呈正相关(P<0.05)。(4)结构方程模型拟合结果显示,df/χ2=3.82,RMSEA=0.040,NFI=0.940,RFI=0.092,TLI=0.910,IFI=0.950,表示该模型拟合程度较好。冠心病患者冠状动脉旁路移植术前疼痛评分、PSQI量表评分对其疲劳程度有直接影响(P<0.05);患者术后3 d疼痛评分、PSQI量表评分、POMS-SF评分对其疲劳程度有直接影响(P<0.05);患者术后7 d POMS-SF评分对其疲劳程度有直接影响(P<0.05);患者出院当天疼痛评分、PSQI量表评分对其疲劳程度有间接影响(P<0.05)。结论冠心病患者冠状动脉旁路移植术后3 d疲劳程度最严重,且年龄、文化程度、术后并发症、POMS-SF评分、疼痛评分是冠心病患者术后3 d疲劳程度的影响因素,疼痛、情绪、睡眠质量可通过相互作用影响其疲劳程度,临床可重点关注上述因素以缓解患者疲劳状态,改善患者预后。     

同期颈动脉内膜剥脱术和冠状动脉旁路移植术的早期预后及体外循环的影响

目的评价同期颈动脉内膜剥脱术(CEA)和冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG)治疗合并无症状重度颈动脉狭窄的冠心病患者的早期预后以及体外循环对患者预后的影响。方法本研究包括中国阜外医院于2005年1月-2015年1月接受同期单侧CEA和CABG的69名合并无症状重度颈动脉狭窄的冠心病患者。69名患者根据CABG是否应用体外循环被分为2组:体外循环组(n=36)和非体外循环组(n=33)。患者主要的心脑血管不良事件和死亡的发生率被研究。结果体外循环组患者术后脑卒中、TIA、谵妄、Q波性心肌梗死、心脏停搏的心脑血管不良事件(MACCE)和死亡的发生率分别为16.67%和2.78%,非体外循环组患者术后MACCE和死亡的发生率均为3.03%,2组患者间术后MACCE事件和死亡的发生率差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。与体外循环组比较,非体外循环组术后ICU停留时间和住院时间缩短,差异有统计学意义(p0.05)。结论同期CEA和CABG对于冠心病合并重度无症状颈动脉狭窄患者的近期疗效满意。CEA后全麻下CABG较体外循环下CABG显著缩短患者术后的ICU停留时间和住院时间。     

A型主动脉夹层患者术后神经系统并发症的影响因素研究

目的探讨A型主动脉夹层患者术后神经系统并发症的影响因素。方法选取2015年3月—2017年3月于安徽医科大学第一附属医院行手术治疗的A型主动脉夹层患者110例,根据术后是否发生神经系统并发症分为神经系统并发症组43例与无神经系统并发症组67例。比较两组患者临床特征和手术情况,A型主动脉夹层患者术后神经系统并发症的影响因素分析采用多因素Logistic回归分析。结果两组患者性别、年龄、吸烟史、饮酒史、动脉夹层病史、高脂血症发生率、脑血管意外发生率、冠心病发生率、呼吸系统疾病发生率、肾功能不全发生率、心律失常发生率、深低温停循环时间比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);神经系统并发症组患者高血压发生率、心包积液发生率高于无神经系统并发症组,手术时间、体外循环时间、主动脉阻断时间、入住重症监护病房(ICU)时间及呼吸机使用时间长于无神经系统并发症组(P0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,高血压[OR=8.224,95%CI(1.188,56.913)]、心包积液[OR=3.888,95%CI(1.539,9.826)]、手术时间[OR=5.824,95%CI(1.880,18.046)]、体外循环时间[OR=7.078,95%CI(1.988,25.206)]、主动脉阻断时间[OR=7.776,95%CI(1.027,58.775)]、入住ICU时间[OR=8.891,95%CI(1.103,71.693)]及呼吸机使用时间[OR=7.996,95%CI(1.131,56.547)]是A型主动脉夹层患者术后神经系统并发症的影响因素(P0.05)。结论高血压、心包积液、手术时间、体外循环时间、主动脉阻断时间、入住ICU时间及呼吸机使用时间是A型主动脉夹层患者术后神经系统并发症的影响因素。     

老年冠心病患者在体外循环与非体外循环下行冠状动脉旁路移植术临床疗效及近期心功能变化的对比研究

目的比较老年冠心病患者在体外循环与非体外循环下行冠状动脉旁路移植术的临床疗效及近期心功能变化。方法选取2012年6月—2015年3月在延安大学附属医院接受冠状动脉旁路移植术的老年冠心病患者98例,按是否在体外循环下行冠状动脉旁路移植术分为体外循环组(n=35)与非体外循环组(n=63)。两组患者术前均常规全身麻醉,体外循环组患者在体外循环下行冠状动脉旁路移植术,非体外循环组患者在非体外循环下行冠状动脉旁路移植术。比较两组患者手术及术后情况、术前及术后3个月心功能指标〔左心室射血分数(LVEF)、左心室舒张末期内径(LVEDD)〕及术后并发症发生情况。结果非体外循环组患者手术时间、ICU治疗时间、术后机械通气时间、住院时间均短于体外循环组(P0.05);两组患者手术前后LVEF和LVEDD比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);体外循环组患者术后并发症发生率为68.6%,高于非体外循环组的28.6%(P0.05)。结论在体外循环与非体外循环下行冠状动脉旁路移植术对老年冠心病患者近期心功能均无明显影响,但在非体外循环下行冠状动脉旁路移植术的临床疗效较优,能缩短患者手术时间、术后机械通气时间,且安全性更高。     

颈动脉重度狭窄合并冠状动脉多支病变分期治疗后院内并发症分析

目的 研究颈动脉重度狭窄合并冠状动脉多支病变分期手术后院内并发症发生情况.方法 回顾性连续纳入2006年4月至2020年12月首都医科大学附属北京安贞医院颈动脉重度狭窄联合冠状动脉多支病变且二者均完成手术治疗的患者,颈动脉重度狭窄均采用颈动脉支架置入术(CAS),冠状动脉多支病变均采用非体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植术(C...     

冠心病患者冠状动脉旁路移植术不同术式的临床疗效比较

目的对比研究冠心病患者体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术和非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术的手术效果。方法106例择期行冠状动脉旁路移植术患者分为两组,体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术组59例,非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术组47例,对两组相关指标进行对比分析。结果两组在平均搭桥支数、平均动脉桥支数、死亡率以及术后并发症的发生率方面无明显差异(P>0.05);而非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术组术后呼吸机支持时间、ICU天数、平均住院天数以及胸腔引流量和输血量均低于体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术组(P<0.05)。结论非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术和体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术均是冠心病外科治疗有效的方法;与体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术相比,非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术在缩短呼吸机支持时间、减少胸腔引流量、输血量和平均住院天数等方面具有一定的优势。     

Carotid artery involvement in patients of atherosclerotic coronary artery disease undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting

BACKGROUND: Patients with concomitant critical carotid and coronary artery disease are at risk of major neurological events while undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting. The presence of carotid artery stenosis increases the stroke rate in the perioperative period. In an effort to reduce the stroke rate, many institutions perform routine preoperative noninvasive assessment of the carotid arteries. METHODS AND RESULTS: We analyzed the clinical and laboratory data of 1,200 patients who underwent coronary artery bypass surgery in the last 2 years. Carotid Doppler was normal in 186 patients (15.5%), and showed <30% stenosis in 796 (66.3%), 30%-50% in 110 (9.2%), 50%-70% stenosis in 64 (5.3%) and critical (>70%) stenosis in 44 (3.7%) patients. Conventional risk factors such as hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, smoking and family history were not independent predictors of carotid artery stenosis. However, diabetes as a risk factor had a significant association with carotid artery disease (79.6% v. 43.8%, p<0.02). There was a trend towards increased prevalence of carotid artery stenosis in patients with > or = 2 risk factors (84.3% v. 68.8%). Patients with significant carotid artery stenosis had severe coronary artery disease (triple-vessel disease 93.3%, left main coronary artery disease 12.0%). Out of 44 patients with critical carotid artery stenosis, 27 were subjected to carotid angiography. Doppler findings correlated well with angiography. Seventeen patients underwent carotid artery intervention. None had any perioperative neurological events. A total of 5 (0.4%) patients had a major stroke. Coronary artery bypass grafting was done in 27 patients with critical stenosis without any intervention. The stroke rate (11.1%) was higher in these patients compared to patients with < 70% carotid artery disease or post-carotid intervention (2.5%) patients. Thus, untreated >70% carotid artery stenosis was associated with a higher stroke rate. CONCLUSIONS: Doppler screening of the carotid artery is helpful in detecting the subgroup of patients at increased risk of stroke. Patients with critical carotid artery stenosis should be subjected to angiography. Prophylactic intervention may reduce the occurrence of stroke in the perioperative period.     

Hybrid技术治疗冠心病合并严重颈动脉狭窄的临床疗效及安全性研究

目的回顾性分析颈动脉支架术(CAS)和冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG)同期或分期Hybrid技术治疗冠心病合并严重颈动脉狭窄的临床疗效及安全性。方法入选2008年7月至2014年9月期间中国医学科学院阜外医院成人心脏外科收治的同期或分期实施CAS和CABG的冠心病合并严重颈动脉狭窄患者274例,依据两种手术是否同期实施分为两组:同期手术组(间隔≤7 d,n=35)和分期手术组(间隔7 d,n=239)。对两组患者的临床资料及预后进行比较分析。结果与同期手术组相比,分期手术组患者的搭桥数量、颈动脉支架植入个数以及肾动脉支架植入个数显著增加,而呼吸机辅助时间显著减少,差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05)。中位随访时间为45.6(28.1~65.4)个月,随访期间仅1例患者发生脑卒中而死亡。两组患者围手术期不良事件发生率间差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。截至随访终期,Cox模型分析结果显示,是否同期手术与患者复合终点事件发生率无明显相关性(OR=0.679,95%CI:0.12~3.72;P=0.66)。结论 CAS联合CABG是治疗冠心病合并严重颈动脉狭窄的一种安全、有效的微创策略。     

Clinical outcome for coronary artery bypass grafting in patients with severe carotid occlusive disease]

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the management of coexisting severe carotid stenosis in candidates for coronary artery bypass grafting. METHODS: Twenty-six candidates for coronary artery bypass complicated with severe carotid stenosis > or = 70% were analyzed retrospectively. The prevalence of significant carotid stenosis was 6.4%. There were 21 males and 5 females with a mean age of 65.3 +/- 9.3 years. The hemodynamics of cerebral circulation, intervention for carotid stenosis, surgical mortality, morbidity, and long-term survival were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS: The prevalence of bilateral carotid stenosis was 30.8% (8/26). Nine patients had total occlusion of the internal carotid artery, 10 had carotid stenosis of 90-99%, and 7 had carotid stenosis of 70-89%. Seven patients required mechanical support for cardiopulmonary insufficiency, including six patients requiring simultaneous artificial ventilation and intraaortic balloon pumping, and one requiring intraaortic balloon pumping. Concomitant carotid endarterectomy and coronary bypass grafting was performed in 10 patients, preceding carotid endarterectomy in 1, and preceding coronary bypass grafting with subsequent carotid endarterectomy in 7. Cardiopulmonary bypass was used in 22 patients. There was no surgical death. Although one patient undergoing concomitant carotid endarterectomy and coronary artery bypass grafting had perioperative stroke, the remaining patients recovered without any neurological complication (morbidity of stroke: 3.8%). The five-year survival rate was 71.9 +/- 11.7%. CONCLUSIONS: Coronary artery bypass grafting in candidates with carotid stenosis can be treated safely when appropriate preoperative evaluation and surgical strategies are utilized.     

Management of Combined Severe Carotid and Coronary Artery Disease

Patients with severe carotid and coronary disease—especially if they require coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG)—are at high risk of cardiac events and stroke. Carotid revascularization should be considered for patients with symptomatic carotid disease and bilateral severe asymptomatic carotid stenosis. In patients with unilateral asymptomatic carotid stenosis, decision to proceed to revascularization should be based more on a perspective of long-term stroke prevention than of perioperative stroke reduction. Compared with endarterectomy, carotid artery stenting is associated with a lower incidence of periprocedural myocardial infarction, an event linked to long-term mortality. This observation may be particularly relevant for patients with advanced coronary artery disease such as those undergoing CABG. Irrespective of the carotid revascularization strategy, a broad disease management approach based on lifestyle modification and pharmacologic cardiovascular prevention is more likely to affect both the quality and duration of life than revascularization itself.     

1516例男性患者非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术中应用主动脉内球囊反搏危险因素Logistic分析

目的:非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术(OPCABG)是治疗冠心病主要手段之一。本文拟通过回顾性Logistic分析1 516例施行OPCABG男性患者,术中应用主动脉内球囊反搏(IABP)的独立危险因素,为此类患者提供手术依据和前瞻性判断。方法:采用麻醉科2007年11月至2009年2月OP-CABG围术期数据库,回顾性分析了1 516例记录齐全的男性患者OPCABG围术期资料。以术中应用IABP为因变量,将有统计学意义的单因素进行Logistic回归分析并评价各影响因素的作用大小。结果:术前射血分数(EF)<40%(OR=4.946,P=0.001)、搭桥数>3支(OR=2.340,P=0.007)、左主干病变(OR=2.857,P=0.001)、急诊(OR=4.816,P=0.001)和术中发生心房颤动(P=0.001,OR=12.188)为围术期应用IABP的独立危险因素。结论:术前EF<40%、旁路移植血管数>3支、左主干病变、急诊和术中发生心房颤动为术中应用IABP的独立危险因素,提示在遇到这类患者时,及早在术前应用IABP,对于OPCABG患者是有益的。     

非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术在左主干重度狭窄患者中的应用

目的总结左主干重度狭窄冠心病患者行非体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植术（OPCAB）的治疗效果和临床经验。方法回顾分析2005年1月至2012年6月,83例左主干狭窄〉70％的患者接受了非体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植术,其中27例急诊手术,三支病变62例,两支病变21例,术中改为体外循环5例;使用主动脉内球囊反搏7例。结果远端吻合口平均（3．34±0．83）个,死亡2例（2．4％）。随访2个月至2年,仅1例心绞痛复发,余者均未出现心绞痛症状。手术效果及手术并发症的发生与非左主干病变组差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论左主干重度狭窄行非体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植术临床效果良好。     

Strategies for CABG patients with carotid artery disease and perioperative neurological complications

Postoperative neurological complications not only increase morbidity and mortality, but also prolong hospital stay and elevate hospital costs. From 1995, carotid artery duplex scanning (CADS) has been performed in our hospital as screening for cerebrovascular disease in patients undergoing nonemergency coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). This study was designed to evaluate the usefulness of our strategy for preventing stroke during CABG. Between 1995 and 1997, 179 patients underwent isolated CABG. Of the nonemergency CABG patients, 146 underwent preoperative CADS. Three patients underwent a combined carotid endoarterectomy (CEA)/CABG procedure. One hundred and thirteen patients were men (77.3%), and the median age was 64, with a range of 39–82 years. The mean graft number was 2.7 ± 0.9. Previous neurological events had occurred in 12 patients. Forty-five patients (30.8%) had abnormal CADS findings. Two (1.4%) of these patients had carotid stenosis ≧90% in area, and five had total occlusion of the carotid artery. When the risk factors were evaluated, age and previous cerebrovascular disease (CVD) were found to be significantly higher in the group with abnormal CADS findings (P = 0.0012 and P = 0.0312). On multivariate analysis, the predictor of abnormal CADS findings were age and previous CVD (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05). Six patients (3.3%) developed postoperative stroke due to emboli (five cases) or perioperative hypoperfusion (one case). Three patients who underwent the combined CEA/CABG procedure did not suffer from any neurological complications. Preoperative screening by CADS is helpful for evaluating the presence of carotid artery disease in patients undergoing CABG. Further investigations to clarify the carotid hemodynamics are important, and synthetic assessment will be required to determine the most appropriate operative strategy. Received: June 7, 2000 / Accepted: September 30, 2000     

Does Totally Endoscopic Access for Off-pump Cardiac Surgery Influence the Incidence of Postoperative Atrial Fibrillation in Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting? A Preliminary Report

Background The occurrence rate of atrial fibrillation (AF) after coronary artery bypass grafting, quoted in the literature, is wide ranging from 5% to over 40%. It is speculated that, off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCAB) and also minimally invasive cardiac surgery reduces the incidence of postoperative AF due to reduced trauma, ischemia, and inflammation. Current data, however, do not clearly answer the question, whether the incidence of postoperative AF is reduced in using minimally invasive techniques, ideally resulting in the combination of both small access and off-pump surgery. The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence of postoperative AF in patients undergoing totally endoscopic off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (TECAB).Methods A retrospective analysis of 72 patients undergoing myocardial revascularization was performed. Early postoperative incidence of AF was compared between three groups of patients: 24 after conventional coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), 24 after OPCAB, and 24 after totally endoscopic off-pump CABG. Clinical profile of the patients, including factors having potential influence on postoperative AF was matched for groups.Results Postoperative AF occurred in 25% of the patients in the CABG group, in 16% of the patients in the OPCAB group, and in 16% of the patients in the TECAB group. This difference has no statistical significance. Risk factors and incidence of postoperative complications were comparable in all groups excepting the number of distal anastomoses. There was a statistical significance between CABG group and TECAB group.Conclusion Avoiding cardiopulmonary bypass and minimizing surgical trauma did not reduce the incidence of postoperative AF in this patient collective. It remains an attractive hypothesis that postoperative AF is reduced by off-pump myocardial revascularisation and minimizing surgical trauma but more robust data are required.     

颈动脉超声在筛查颈动脉狭窄及脑卒中高危人群中的应用

目的应用颈动脉超声筛查颈动脉狭窄,并探讨脑卒中高危人群颈动脉狭窄的发病率。方法选择356例患者,以60岁为界分为≤60岁组83例,>60岁组273例,其中高血压196例、冠心病145例、下肢动脉疾病97例、糖尿病134例,采用双功能彩色多普勒行颈动脉超声检查,并分析。结果与≤60岁组比较,>60岁组患者高血压、糖尿病、冠心病和下肢动脉疾病比例明显升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。颈动脉狭窄≥50%103例,占28.9%,其中颈动脉狭窄≥70%33例,占9.3%。年龄>60岁(OR=2.281,95%CI:1.191～5.673,P=0.013)、冠心病(OR=2.312,95%CI:1.162～4.593,P=0.018)、下肢动脉疾病(OR=2.135,95%CI:1.093～4.985,P=0.011)是颈动脉狭窄的影响因素。结论老年男性、冠心病、下肢动脉疾病人群是颈动脉重度狭窄的主要危险人群,也是颈动脉超声筛查的主要对象。