捆绑式胰肠吻合术对胰十二指肠切除术后胰瘘的预防作用

目的　观察捆绑式胰肠吻合术对胰十二指肠切除术 (PD)后胰瘘的预防作用。方法　对 2 0 0 1年以来采用捆绑式胰肠吻合术完成的 2 6例PD与 1993年～ 2 0 0 0年采用其他胰肠吻合方式完成的 82例PD进行回顾性对比分析。结果　全组胰瘘的发生率为 13 9% ( 15 / 10 8) ,其中捆绑式胰肠吻合组无胰瘘发生 ,而胰 -空肠套入式端端吻合组及胰管空肠粘膜端侧吻合组胰瘘的发生率分别为 2 4 6% ( 14 / 5 7)、4 0 % ( 1/ 2 5 ) ,捆绑式胰肠吻合组胰瘘发生率显著低于胰 -空肠套入式端端吻合组 (P <0 0 1) ,而与胰管空肠粘膜端侧吻合组差异无显著性 (P >0 0 5 )。结论　捆绑式胰肠吻合术操作简便 ,预防胰瘘效果可靠 ,值得推广。     

胰十二指肠切除术中不同胰肠吻合方式的疗效比较

目的 比较和探讨端端胰肠套入式吻合、端侧胰管空肠黏膜吻合、捆绑式胰肠吻合、胰肠一层连续降落伞吻合4种吻合方式的优劣性,为临床治疗提供指导意见.方法 患者根据临床术式分为端端吻合组(端端胰肠套入式吻合)23例,端侧吻合组(胰管空肠黏膜吻合)19例,捆绑吻合组(捆绑式胰肠吻合)10例,降落伞吻合组(胰肠一层连续降落伞吻合)20例,记录和比较4组患者胰肠吻合时间及术后并发症发生情况.结果 降落伞吻合组胰肠吻合时间明显短于其他3组,并发症发生率明显少于其他3组,数据经统计学比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 胰肠一层连续降落伞吻合术式可缩短胰肠吻合时间,降低并发症发生率,在胰十二指肠切除术中应用具有较好的安全性和有效性.     

胰十二指肠切除术中Prolene线一针连续缝合法胰肠吻合的应用

目的探讨胰十二指肠切除术中Prolene线一针连续缝合法胰肠吻合的应用价值。方法选取2017年1月至2020年12月菏泽市单县中心医院收治的80例术前诊断为壶腹周围肿瘤行胰十二指肠切除术患者的临床资料, 按照胰肠吻合方式的不同分为A、B组, 每组40例, A组采用胰管-黏膜吻合, B组采用Prolene线一针连续缝合。比较两组患者术前临床资料、手术相关指标和术后并发症发生情况。结果两组患者在性别构成、年龄、白蛋白水平、胰管直径、合并基础疾病、术前胆红素、入院症状、术前胆道引流、肿瘤部位方面比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。B组患者手术时间、术中出血量、术后引流量、胰肠吻合时间、术后住院时间均低于A组[(353.64 ± 95.28) min比(395.38 ± 110.29) min、(330.19 ± 100.27) ml比(397.43 ± 105.97) ml、(330.57 ± 110.68) ml比(376.18 ± 94.73) ml、(20.74 ± 8.08) min比(31.06 ± 7.83) min、(18.72 ± 6.02) d比(23.79 ± 7...     

胰十二指肠切除术后危险因素分析及预防措施

目的探讨胰十二指肠切除术后发生的危险因素及预防措施。方法对笔者所在医院2000年6月至2007年12月间34例胰十二指肠切除术患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析，着重分析其术后发生的危险因素，选择有效的措施对危险因素进行预防。结果术后胰瘘发生率17％（6／34）。胰肠吻合方式为影响胰瘘发生的独立危险因素。结论胰肠吻合方式是胰十二指肠切除术后胰瘘发生的主要危险因素。选择胰肠捆绑式吻合，术中精细操作，是降低胰瘘发生的关键。     

胰十二指肠切除胰胃吻合与胰肠吻合术后近期疗效比较

目的 对比观察胰十二指肠切除胰胃吻合与胰肠吻合术后近期疗效.方法 回顾性分析行胰十二指肠切除术胰胃吻合73例(胰胃吻合组)与胰肠吻合60例(胰肠吻合组)患者的手术资料.结果 胰胃吻合组与胰肠吻合组术后胰瘘发生率分别为0和11.7%,切口感染发生率分别为1.4%和15.0%,术后住院天数分别为(16.2±5.3)d和(24.3±11.3)d,两组比较差异均有统计学意义(P均《0.05).结论 胰十二指肠切除胰胃吻合较之胰肠吻合手术具有胰瘘发生率低、切口感染发生率低、术后住院时间短等优点,是安全可靠的手术方式.     

胰十二指肠切除术15例手术改进的体会

目的　探讨改进胰十二指肠切除术 (PD) ,预防术后并发症 ,提高手术疗效的方法。方法　采用保留幽门、胰管空肠黏膜吻合、胰肠遮盖套入式端端吻合 ,胰管支撑外引流等术式、观察其疗效。结果　全组未发生胰瘘及胰断面出血。保留幽门的胰十二指肠切除术 (PPPD)组有 1例术后发生胃潴留 ,其余胃功能正常。结论　PPPD只要操作得法 ,可避免术后胃潴留 ,胰肠遮盖套入式端端吻合操作简便 ,可有效防止术后胰瘘、胰断面出血等并发症     

胰腺导管对黏膜联合贯穿交锁封闭式胰肠吻合在腹腔镜胰十二指肠切除术中的应用

目的探讨胰腺导管对黏膜联合贯穿交锁封闭式胰肠吻合在腹腔镜胰十二指肠切除术(LPD)中的有效性与安全性。方法回顾性分析宁波大学附属李惠利医院2021年5月至2022年1月采用胰腺导管对黏膜联合贯穿交锁封闭式胰肠吻合行LPD的连续13例患者的临床资料, 收集患者的一般资料(性别、年龄、体质量指数)、围手术期相关指标(术前血清白蛋白、术前血清总胆红素、总手术时间、胰肠吻合时间、术中出血量、输血例数、术后引流管留置时间、术后住院天数及胰瘘、胆瘘、出血、腹腔感染等并发症发病率、病死率)、病理结果, 并进行统计学分析。结果患者中12例成功施行LPD, 1例中转开放。手术时间(308.6 ± 61.7)min, 胰肠吻合时间(26.7 ± 4.3)min, 术中出血(188.1 ± 94.2)ml, 术中输血2例, 术后出现生化瘘1例, 未发生B级、C级胰瘘, 术后平均住院日为(14.2 ± 3.5)d, 术后3例患者发生并发症, 无Clavien 3级以上并发症发生及30 d再入院、死亡病例。结论胰腺导管对黏膜联合贯穿交锁封闭式胰肠吻合方式可有效降低LPD后胰腺及相关并发症的发生率, 是安全、可靠...     

五点法在胰肠吻合中的应用

胰瘘是胰十二指肠切除术后的严重并发症 ,易并发感染成为术后死亡的重要原因 ,本文介绍五点法胰管空肠黏膜吻合并胰液外引流 ,同时胆肠吻合口置支撑管技术 ,并探讨其在减少胰十二指肠切除术后并发症方面的应用价值。1　资料和方法1.1　临床资料　收集本院自 1991年 1月～ 2 0 0 3年8月完成的胰十二指肠切除术病例 4 7例 ,其中男 30例 ,女 17例 ,年龄 32～ 6 8岁 ,平均年龄 5 4岁。其中A组 2 5例 ,采用五点法胰管空肠黏膜吻合及胆肠吻合口置支撑管技术 ;B组 2 2例 ,采用传统胰十二指肠切除术。1.2　手术方法　B组采用传统胰十二指肠切除术 …     

捆绑式胰肠吻合术与传统胰肠吻合术治疗壶腹周围癌体会

目的探讨捆绑式胰肠吻合术在治疗壶腹周围癌中的作用.方法回顾分析1998年3月～2003年3月手术切除的壶腹周围癌患者39例,采用捆绑式胰肠吻合术(捆绑组)17例,传统胰肠吻合术(传统组)22例.分别观察胰瘘、胆瘘、胃排空障碍等并发症的发生率.结果捆绑组胰瘘、胆瘘、胃排空障碍的发生率分别为0(0/17)、5.9%(1/17)、11.8%(2/17),平均术后住院时间28.3 d.传统组胰瘘、胆瘘、胃排空障碍的发生率分别为22.7%(5/22)、18.2%(4/22)、13.6%(3/22),平均术后住院时间39.2 d.结论捆绑式胰肠吻合术应用于壶腹周围癌治疗有助于避免胰瘘发生,是一种较为安全的手术方式.     

捆绑式胰胃吻合在胰十二指肠切除术中的应用5例体会

目的 探讨捆绑式胰胃吻合术在胰十二指肠切除术中的应用.方法 回顾性分析2010年1月至2011年6月5例行捆绑式胰胃吻合胰十二指肠切除术患者的临床资料.结果 术后高血糖1例,无手术死亡病例,未发生胰瘘.出院3个月随访至今均未出现其他并发症.结论 捆绑式胰胃吻合术是胰十二指肠切除术后消化道重建的一种安全可靠的方法.     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.     

Manufacture and use of nanomaterials: current status in the UK and global trends

This paper provides an overview of the production and use of nanomaterials (NMs), particularly in the UK. Currently, relatively few companies in the UK are identifiable as NM manufacturers, the main emphasis being the bulk markets in metals and metal oxides, and some niche markets such as carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. NM manufacturing in the UK does not reflect the global emphasis on fullerenes, nanotubes and fibres. Some assumptions have been made about the types of NM that are likely to be imported into the UK, which currently include fullerenes, modified fullerenes and other carbon-based NMs including nanotubes. Many university departments, spin-offs and private companies have developed processes for the manufacture of NMs but may only be producing small quantities for research and development (R&D) purposes. However, some have the potential to scale up to produce large quantities. The nanotechnology industry in the UK has strong R&D backup from universities and related institutions. This review has covered R&D trends at such institutions, and appropriate information has been added to a searchable database. While several companies are including NMs in their products, only a few (e.g. manufacturers of paints, coatings, cosmetics, catalysts, polymer composites) are using nanoparticles (NPs) in any significant quantities. However, this situation is likely to change rapidly. There is a need to collect more information about exposure to NPs in both manufacturing and user scenarios. As the market grows, and as manufacturers switch from the micro- to the nanoscale, the potential for exposure will increase. More research is required to quantify any risks to workers and consumers.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.     

Investigating clusters in the workplace and beyond

Clusters of disease are common and occur in the workplace and in the general community. They often arouse considerable concern among the population. Investigations have sometimes lead to exciting new knowledge, but in general the investigation of clusters is difficult and often unrewarding, especially for community clusters. In the workplace, investigations are more likely to find associations and even new causes, but still many clusters remain enigmatic. Despite this, there are many reasons for investigating clusters, including allaying community concern and identifying uncontrolled exposures. A structure for investigating clusters in the workplace is suggested.