急性高容性血液稀释对高龄髋置换患者血液流变学的影响

目的研究急性高容性血液稀释对高龄髋关节置换患者血液流变学的影响。方法对36例高龄髋关节置换患者随机分配为Ⅰ组（琥珀酰明胶组）和Ⅱ组（乳酸钠林格液组）,每组18例,分别施行急性高容性血液稀释,并抽血测定各时点血液流变学指标,两组对照,并进行统计学检验。结果两组输注前后血液流变学变化：各组与输液前比较,全血高切黏度、全血低切黏度,全血黏度值、红细胞压积均降低（P〈0.05）,其中琥珀酰明胶组稀释麻醉后1h、术毕两个时点均较稀释前降低,各组全血高切还原黏度、全血低切还原黏度、血浆黏度、红细胞聚集指数与稀释前后比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。两组间比较,输注后红细胞聚集指数、血沉差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论（1）琥珀酰明胶能有效改善高龄患者围手术期的血液粘稠度,且能持续较长时间。（2）对于高龄髋置换患者,在术前充分评估其重要脏器功能,如无严重合并症,术中严密监测血流动力学指标以及ECG、SPO2、CVP、尿量等,急性高容性血液稀释是安全可行的。     

术前急性高容量血液稀释对血液流变特性的影响

目的观察急性高容量血液稀释(AHH)后血液流变学特性的变化，为临床合理应用血浆代用品提供理论依据。方法90例髋关节手术患者随机分为三组，每组30例，按20ml／kg在手术开始前分别输注6％羟乙基淀粉、4％琥珀明胶或乳酸林格氏液扩容量，达到高容量血液稀释。检测稀释前后全血粘度、血浆粘度、Hct、红细胞聚集指数、红细胞变形指数。结果AHH后循环功能稳定，围手术期异体血输入量胶体液组明显少于晶体液组。AHH后全血粘度、Hct明显降低；红细胞聚集指数降低、细胞变形指数6％羟乙基淀粉组升高。结论术前AHH可以有效地维持术中循环功能稳定，优化血液流变状态，利于微循环灌注，提高患者对失血的耐受性，减少异体输血量，胶体溶液优于晶体溶液。     

不同液体急性高容量血液稀释对剖宫产产妇围术期血液流变学状态及凝血功能的影响

目的 评价不同液体急性高容量血液稀释（AHHD）对剖宫产产妇围术期血液流变学状态及凝血功能的影响。方法 选择在腰硬联合麻醉下行择期剖宫产足月单胎健康产妇120例,ASA分级Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,按不同液体AHHD分为4组,每组30例:对照组（C组）、聚明胶肽组（P组）、琥珀酰明胶组（G组）和6%羟乙基淀粉130/0.4组（H组）。C组、P组、G组和H组分别于麻醉前30min静脉输注乳酸钠林格液、聚明胶肽、4%琥珀酰明胶和6%羟乙基淀粉130/0.4进行AHHD,输液速度为20mL·kg-1·h-1。分别于AHHD前（T0）,AHHD后30min（T1）、1h（T2）和手术结束后2h（T3）时采集静脉血样,测定血红蛋白（Hb）含量、血红细胞比容（Hct）、血液流变学指标（全血高切黏度、全血低切黏度、血浆黏度值、红细胞聚集指数、血小板聚集指数和血沉）及凝血功能指标[血小板计数（PLT）、凝血酶原时间（PT）、活化部分凝血活酶时间（APTT）和纤维蛋白（Fib）]。结果 与C组比较,P组、G组和H组T1—T3时Hb含量及Hct降低（P<0.05）,T1—T2时全血高切黏度、全血低切黏度、红细胞聚集指数、血小板聚集指数、PLT和Fib降低,APTT延长（P<0.05）,血浆黏度值、血沉及PT差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;与H组比较,P组和G组T1—T2时红细胞聚集指数、血小板聚集指数及血沉升高（P<0.05）,余指标差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论 术前应用聚明胶肽、4%琥珀酰明胶或6%羟乙基淀粉130/0.4行AHHD对剖宫产产妇凝血功能影响轻微,但可改善产妇围术期血液流变学状态,增加组织血液灌注,且6%羟乙基淀粉130/0.4相较其他液体对降低血液黏度时效更长。     

国产琥珀酰明胶对血液流变学的影响

目的比较国产琥珀酰明胶与进口琥珀酰明胶对机体血液流变学的影响。方法60例骨科下肢手术病人,随机分为国产组(G组,n=30)与进口组(J组,n=30),每例在术前各输入国产或进口琥珀酰明胶1 000mL。分别于输液前、输液后30min、4h、24h时,采血测定全血黏度高切、中切和低切时的血液黏度,血浆黏度,全血还原黏度,红细胞压积,红细胞计数,红细胞聚集指数,红细胞电泳时间,血沉,血沉方程K值,纤维蛋白原等指标。结果两组病人在输液后30min、4h、24h时的全血黏度高切、中切和低切时的血液黏度,红细胞压积,红细胞计数,红细胞电泳时间,纤维蛋白原较输注前都明显降低(P<0.05),而血沉和血沉方程K值较输注前却明显升高(P<0.05),所有指标两组间比较都无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论琥珀酰明胶降低全血黏度,有利于微循环灌注;国产琥珀酰明胶对血液流变学的影响与进口琥珀酰明胶完全一致,可以代替进口。     

国产琥珀酰明胶对血液流变学的影响

目的比较国产琥珀酰明胶与进口琥珀酰明胶对机体血液流变学的影响。方法60例骨科下肢手术病人,随机分为国产组（G组,n=30）与进口组（J组,n=30）,每例在术前各输入国产或进口琥珀酰明胶1000mL。分别于输液前、输液后30min、4h、24h时,采血测定全血黏度高切、中切和低切时的血液黏度,血浆黏度,全血还原黏度,红细胞压积,红细胞计数,红细胞聚集指数,红细胞电泳时间：血沉,血沉方程K值,纤维蛋白原等指标。结果两组病人在输液后30min、4h、24h时的全血黏度高切、中切和低切时的血液黏度,红细胞压积,红细胞计数,红细胞电泳时间,纤维蛋白原较输注前都明显降低（P〈0．05）,而血沉和血沉方程K值较输注前却明显升高（P〈0．05）,所有指标两组间比较都无显著性差异（P〉0．05）。结论琥珀酰明胶降低全血黏度,有利于微循环灌注;国产琥珀酰明胶对血液流变学的影响与进口琥珀酰明胶完全一致,可以代替进口。     

琥珀酰明胶急性高容性血液稀释在儿科病人的应用

目的研究琥珀酰明胶用于婴幼儿和儿童对于血液流变学、血小板功能和凝血功能等的影响。方法20倒手术病人按年龄分为婴幼儿组（Ⅰ组〈3岁n=9）和儿童组（C组,3—12岁n=11）,术前用琥珀酰明胶10nd／kg行高容性血液稀释,输液前后分别抽取颈静脉血测定血液流变学,血小板功能和凝血功能,比较各组输液前后以及两组之间的变化。结果两组病人输液后全血低切、中切和高切粘度均显著下降（P〈0．01）,但血液牯度无显著改变;两组病人血细胞比容、纤维蛋血原在输液后均显著下降（P〈0．01）;红细胞聚集指数、刚性指数、变形指数在输液前后无显著变化,与输液前比较,输液后红细胞电泳指数显著增加（P〈0．05）;两组病人血沉、血小板计数和血小板聚集率、部分凝血活酶时间在输液后无显著变化;C组病人输液后凝血酶原时间显著延长。两组间各项指标相同时点比较虽有一定变化,但无显著差异（P〈0．05）。结论琥珀酰明胶用于1—12岁儿科病人进行术前急性高容性血液稀释,能改善血液流变性,稳定血液动力学,但对凝血功能无影响。不增加出血倾向。     

两种羟乙基淀粉急性高容量血液稀释对血液流变学和凝血功能的影响

目的 探讨用两种分子量及取代级的中分子羟乙基淀粉[贺斯（6％HES 200／0．5）及万汶（6％HES 130／0．4）]在手术患者实施急性高容量血液稀释对患者血液流变学和凝血功能的影响。方法 40例择期手术患者，ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级，随机分为万汶组和贺斯组，每组20例。入室后于麻醉前开始，以20ml／（kg．h）的速率分别输入万汶或贺斯60min。测定输液前、输液30、60min时的血压、心率和尿量；于输液前和输液60min测定静脉血血红蛋白（Hb）含量、血红细胞比容（Hct）、血小板计数（PLT）、凝血活酶时间（APTT）、凝血酶原时间（PT）和纤维蛋白（FIB）含量以及血液流变学各项指标。结果 与输液前比较，两组输液60min时心率升高，Hh、Hct、PLT下降，APTT延长，FIB升高。输液各时点尿量均增加（P〈0．05）。两组患者稀释后高切全血粘度、血浆粘度、高切全血还原粘度、红细胞聚集指数均下降（P〈0．05），组间比较无统计学差异（P〉0．05）。结论 万汶与贺斯具有相似的扩容效果，对血液流变学和凝血功能影响轻微，万汶对凝血功能的抑制程度更少。     

羟乙基淀粉130/0.4血液稀释对断指再植患者血液流变学和微循环的影响

目的:探讨羟乙基淀粉130/0.4高容量血液稀释对断指再植患者血液流变学和微循环的影响. 方法: 对40例ASA Ⅰ～Ⅱ患者随机分为万汶组(n=20)和对照组即平衡盐组(n=20),手术前扩容至Hct 30%. 麻醉方法均为肌间沟臂丛神经阻滞. 术中液体维持用平衡盐. 血管吻合开放血流后比较两组血运微循环情况,手术开始时和结束时检测血液流变学指标. 结果: 万汶组AHHD后全血低切黏度、高切黏度、红细胞比容、血小板黏附率明显低于对照组(P《0.05);血管吻合后微循环指标万汶组的毛细血管充盈时间明显低于对照组,SPO2高于对照组(P《0.05). 结论: 羟乙基淀粉130/0.4术前AHHD可以明显改善血液流变学状态,有利于微循环灌注,改善局部氧供,提高术中断指再植的成活.     

应用晶体或胶体进行高容量血液稀释对血液流变特性的影响

目的　急性高容量血液稀释 (acutehypervolemichemodilutionAHH)是一项减少围术期异体血输入量的新技术。观察和比较骨科手术病人应用晶体溶液及胶体溶液进行AHH后血液流变特性的变化 ,为围术期AHH方案的制定、为临床合理应用血浆代用品提供实验依据。方法　骨科择期手术患者 6 0例 ,随机分为三组 :6 %羟乙基淀粉组 (H组 ,n =2 0 ) ,林格氏液组 (R组 ,n =2 0 ) ,4 %琥珀酰明胶组 (G组 ,n=2 0 ) ,于手术开始前 ,按 2 0ml/kg的容量以 0 5～ 0 75ml·kg-1·min-1的速度分别输注以扩充血容量 ,达到高容量血液稀释 ,维持血循环指标在正常范围 ,检测稀释前、稀释后 30min、稀释后 2h ,全血粘度、血浆粘度、Hct、红细胞聚集指数、红细胞变形指数。结果　 (1)AHH后患者循环功能稳定 ,围术期异体血输入量胶体液组明显少于晶体液组 ;(2 )AHH后三组患者全血粘度、Hct明显降低 ,红细胞聚集指数降低 ,红细胞变形指数H组升高。结论　术前AHH可以有效地维持术中血循环功能稳定 ,优化血液流变状态 ,利于微循环灌注 ,提高患者对失血的耐受性。应用胶体型血浆代用品进行AHH可以改善血容量相对不足状态 ,增加心脏前负荷 ,有利于维持循环功能的稳定     

6％羟乙基淀粉对机体血液流变学的影响

目的 研究外科手术术中输注6％羟乙基淀粉对机体血液流变学的影响。方法 40例外科手术患者随机分为6％羟乙基淀粉组（20例）及林格组（20例）,术中分别输注6％羟乙基淀粉及林格氏液1000ml,采血测定全血粘度、血浆粘度、Hct、红细胞聚集指数、红细胞变形指数、纤维蛋白原等,以观察6％羟乙基淀粉溶液对机体血液流变学的影响。结果 6％羟乙基淀粉组全血粘度、Hct、红细胞聚集指数、纤维蛋白原输注后较输注前明显降低（P＜0．05）,红细胞变形指数明显升高与对照组比较相差显著（P＜0．05）。结论 6％羟乙基淀粉可降低全血粘度,降低红细胞聚集性,明显改善机体血液流变学状态,有利于微循环灌注,减轻围术期血凝状态对机体的不利影响。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.