新疆地区维、汉族缺血性脑卒中患者磷酸二酯酶4D基因单核苷酸多态性的研究

目的探讨新疆地区维、汉族缺血性脑卒中患者磷酸二酯酶4D(PDE4D)基因87位点的单核苷酸多态性(SNP)。方法采用PCR限制性片段长度多态性(PCR-RFLP)和基因测序方法检测226例缺血性脑卒中患者(病例组,维族110例,汉族116例)和220例无神经系统疾病的患者(对照组,维族102例,汉族118例)PDE4D基因87位点的多态性。对各组基因型分布和等位基因频率进行比较。结果病例组与对照组PDE4D基因87位点的基因型分布比较,差异无统计学意义;病例组PDE4D基因87位点C等位基因频率明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。病例组维族亚组PDE4D基因87位点CC型的比率及C等位基因频率明显高于对照组维族亚组(均P<0.05);病例组汉族亚组PDE4D基因87位点CC型的比率及C等位基因频率明显高于对照组汉族亚组(均P<0.05)。病例组中,维族亚组与汉族亚组PDE4D基因87位点的基因型分布及等位基因频率比较,差异无统计学意义;对照组中,维族亚组与汉族亚组PDE4D基因87位点的基因型分布及等位基因频率比较,差异亦无统计学意义。结论 PDE4D基因87位点C等位基因频率增高可能增加缺血性脑卒中发生的风险,此风险在新疆地区维、汉族人群中没有差异。     

磷酸二酯酶4D基因多态性与缺血性脑血管病的关系

目的 探讨中国汉族人群磷酸二酯酶4D (PDE4D) 基因多态性与缺血性脑血管病(ICVD)的关系.方法 采用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性(PCR-RFLP)方法检测116例ICVD患者和110名正常对照者PDE4D基因SNP45、SNP83和rs918592位点的多态性及其与糖代谢指标的关系.结果 PDE4D基因rs918592的A等位基因频率ICVD组(58.6%)、腔隙性脑梗死亚组(63.8%)较正常对照组(48.6%)明显增高(均P<0.05);rs918592、SNP83基因型及等位基因频率各组间差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05);SNP45位点未见多态性.糖代谢指标在不同的SNP83、rs918592 基因型间差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05).结论 中国汉族人群PDE4D基因rs918592位点上A等位基因可能是ICVD的危险因素之一; PDE4D基因可能不是通过糖代谢影响ICVD的发生.     

磷酸二酯酶4D基因rs33395位点与维吾尔族和汉族缺血性脑卒中的相关性研究

目的：探讨中国维吾尔族和汉族人群中,磷酸二酯酶4D（pde4d）基因rs33395位点的多态性与缺血性脑卒中的相关性。方法：采用PCR限制性片段长度多态性（PCR-RFLP）和基因测序方法检测病例组（226例缺血性脑卒中患者,其中维吾尔族110例、汉族116例）和对照组（220例无神经系统疾病的患者,其中维吾尔族102例、汉族118例）的pde4d基因rs33395多态性。并对各组基因型分布和等位基因频率进行比较。结果：在病例组和对照组中,CT基因型分布频率最高,T等位基因分布频率高于C等位基因;但各组中,维吾尔族与汉族两民族间及同民族内部基因型和等位基因频率的分布均差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论：pde4d基因rs33395可能与维吾尔族、汉族缺血性脑卒中无相关性。     

新疆地区维吾尔族、汉族单胺氧化酶B基因多态性与帕金森病的相关性研究

目的探讨中国新疆地区维吾尔族、汉族人群多巴胺代谢酶-单胺氧化酶B(MAO-B)基因内含子13 G/A多态性与帕金森病(PD)遗传易感性的关系,以及PD患者基因型与临床特点的关系。方法研究对象为中国新疆地区241例PD患者(PD组),其中维吾尔族95例(维吾尔族PD组)、汉族146例(汉族PD组);另选择247名健康对照者(对照组),其中维吾尔族104例、汉族143例。收集并分析PD患者临床资料;采用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性分析法(PCR-RLFP)进行MAO-B基因多态性分析,研究基因型和等位基因频率分布情况。结果①PD组与对照组MAO-B基因G/A基因型及等位基因频率差异无统计学意义。②维吾尔族PD组和汉族PD组与对照组的基因型及等位基因频率差异无统计学意义。③男性PD组和女性PD组与相同性别对照组的基因型及等位基因频率分布差异无统计学意义。④发病年龄≤70岁PD患者与对照组基因型频率、等位基因频率差异无统计学意义;>70岁的PD患者与对照组基因型频率、等位基因频率差异有统计学意义。⑤新疆地区维吾尔族、汉族PD患者的3种基因型的临床特点差异无统计学意义。结论MAO-B基因的AA基因型与A等位基因频率增高是发病年龄>70岁新疆维吾尔族和汉族PD患者的危险因素。PD患者MAO-B基因3种基因型的临床特点无差别。     

新疆维吾尔族、汉族阿尔茨海默病PLAU基因的多态性分析

目的探讨新疆维、汉两民族尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活因子(plasminogen activator urokinase,PLAU)基因6号外显子rs2227564位点C/T多态性同阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer's disease,AD)的关联。方法在流行病学调查的基础上,采用美国神经病学会、语言障碍和卒中-老年性痴呆和相关疾病学会制定的标准,选取诊断很可能是AD的患者209例(汉族98例,维吾尔族111例)及正常对照220名(汉族103名,维吾尔族117名),应用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性分析的方法,检测两组PLAU基因6号外显子rs2227564位点C/T多态性。结果 AD组和对照组、维吾尔族、汉族PLAU基因6号外显子rs2227564位点C/T基因型和等位基因频率的分布没有统计学差异(P0.05)。AD组和对照组维、汉两民族间PLAU基因6号外显子rs2227564位点C/T基因型和等位基因频率的分布没有统计学差异(P0.05)。不同性别中PLAU基因6号外显子rs2227564位点C/T的基因型和等位基因频率的分布没有统计学差异(P0.05)。结论未发现新疆维、汉两民族PLAU基因6号外显子rs2227564位点C/T多态性与AD存在相关性。     

SORL1、EPHA1基因多态性与新疆维吾尔族及汉族Alzheimer’s病的相关性研究

目的研究新疆地区汉族、维吾尔族Alzheimer’s病(AD)患者SORL1基因、EPHA1基因多态性,探讨SORL1基因及EPHA1基因多态性与AD的相关性。方法应用PCR测序技术对新疆地区131例散发AD患者(维吾尔族72例、汉族59例)以及128例对照者(维吾尔族63例、汉族65例)进行SORL1基因及EPHA1基因7个SNP位点rs1699102、rs1010159、rs2282649、rs3824968、rs11767557、rs1525119、rs10233030基因多态性分析。结果SORL1基因中rs1699102、rs1010159、rs2282649、rs3824968病例组和对照组比较差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。EPHA1基因型rs11767557、rs1525119、rs10233030位点分布在病例组和对照组之间差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。SORL1基因的rs1010159、rs2282649、rs3824968单倍体在维吾尔族AD患者与汉族AD患者比较中差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05),EPHA1基因中rs1525119、rs10233030形成单体型在维吾尔族AD患者与汉族AD患者比较中差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论SORL1基因的4个SNP位点及EPHA1基因的3个SNP位点与新疆AD患者发生无明显相关性。     

miRNA-146a基因多态性与婴儿痉挛的相关性

目的 探讨我国中部地区汉族人群中miR-146a基因SNP位点(rs2910164和rs57095329)多态性与婴儿痉挛易感性的关系.方法 采用病例对照研究方法,选取在武汉大学人民医院儿科188例婴儿痉挛患者为研究组,选取同期体检的健康儿童214名为对照组.利用PCR-RFLP方法检测rs2910164和rs57095329两个SNP位点的多态性分布.结果 miR-146a基因SNP位点rs57095329基因型(GG、AG、AA)频率分布和G等位基因频率与对照组比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),但该位点基因频率与婴儿痉挛发作频率无相关性(P＞0.05).SNP位点rs2910164的基因型(CC、CG、GG)频率和等位基因C与对照组比较,差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 位于miR-146a启动子区域的SNP位点rs57095329的多态性与婴儿痉挛的发病相关,但与其发作频率无相关性;而SNP位点(rs2910164)与婴儿痉挛的易感性不相关.     

Fas基因A-670G单核苷酸多态性与阿尔茨海默病的相关性分析

目的探讨中国汉族人群中Fas基因A-670G单核苷酸多态性(SNP)与阿尔茨海默病(AD)的相互关系。方法采用等位基因特异性PCR(A-S PCR)技术检测509例AD患者和561名健康对照者Fas基因A-670G位点SNP的分布,并分析各基因型与发病年龄和疾病严重程度的关系。结果AD组和对照组基因型频率(χ2=0.66,P>0.05)及等位基因频率(χ2=0.70,P>0.05)差异均无统计学意义。进一步将样本按发病年龄和性别分层其差异也未发现统计学意义(P>0.05)。而且,各基因型与发病年龄、疾病严重程度也不相关。结论中国汉族人群中Fas基因A-670G位点SNP与AD无关联。     

凝血因子Ⅱ、Ⅴ基因多态性与脑梗死的关联研究

目的探讨中国湖南长沙地区汉族人群中凝血因子Ⅱ(FⅡ)、凝血因子Ⅴ(FⅤ)基因单核苷酸多态性与脑梗死之间的关联。方法采用PCR及飞行时间质谱技术对351例确诊为脑梗死的汉族患者(病例组)及417例对照组FⅡ基因rs1799963位点、FⅤ基因rs6025位点进行基因分型。结果病例组FⅡ基因rs1799963位点基因型均为G/G,对照组中基因型为G/G和A/G。病例组与对照组中FⅤ基因rs6025位点基因型均为G/G。对基因型及等位基因频率进行χ2检验示,病例组FⅡ基因rs1799963位点的基因型分布与对照组相比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);病例组等位基因频率与对照组相比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。Logistic回归分析示,FⅡ基因rs1799963位点多态性与脑梗死不相关(P0.05)。结论 FⅡ基因rs1799963位点多态性和FⅤ基因rs6025位点多态性均可能与中国长沙汉族人群脑梗死之间不存在关联。     

中国人PDE4D基因(83T/C)多态性与缺血性脑卒中相关性的Meta分析

目的 综合评价中国人磷酸二酯酶4D(phosphodiesterase 4D,PDE4D)基因83T/C多态性与缺血性脑卒中发病的关系.方法 利用Meta分析方法对国内外公开发表的有关中国人PDE4D基因83T/C多态性与缺血性脑卒中关系的研究文献进行综合定量分析.结果 有6篇文献符合条件纳入研究,累积病例共1899例,累积对照组共2431例.Meta分析显示,以TT基因型为参照,携带CC基因型个体发生缺血性脑卒中危险性的OR值为1.53,95%,CI为1.22～1.9l,Z=3.69,P＜0.05;携带CC或CT基因型的个体发生缺血性脑卒中的危险性的OR值为1.34,95%,C I为1.18～1.53,Z=4.48,P＜0.05;等位基因频数C/T的OR值为1.28,95%,CI为1.15～1.41,Z=4.75,P＜0.05.结论 PDE4D基因83T/C多态性与中国人缺血性脑卒中的发病具有相关性.     

Physical and Sexual Abuse and Neglect and Eating Disorder Symptoms

For eating-disordered patients with a history of post-traumatic stress, childhood abuse and neglect, and dissociative disorder, eating behavior symptoms may function as a rational response to unmetabolized traumatic experiences. This paper will review trauma-based theory, dissociation, abreactive, and ego-states therapy as they apply to eating disorder patients.     

Efficacy and Effectiveness of Child and Adolescent Psychotherapy and Pharmacotherapy

Decades of intervention research have produced a rich body of evidence on the effects of psychotherapies and pharmacotherapies with children and adolescents. Here we summarize and critique that evidence. We review findings bearing on the efficacy of psychosocial treatments and medications under controlled experimental conditions. We also report evidence, where available, on the effectiveness of both classes of treatment with clinically referred youth treated in real-world clinical contexts. In general, the large body of evidence on efficacy contrasts sharply with the small base of evidence on effectiveness. Addressing this gap through an enriched research agenda could contribute importantly to linking scientific inquiry and clinical practice—to the benefit of both ventures. This is one element of a multifaceted agenda for future research and for synthesis of research, which will require the interplay of multiple disciplines related to child and adolescent mental health.     

Presence and severity of anorexia and bulimia among male and female Omani and non-Omani adolescents

OBJECTIVE: The population of Oman is a heterogeneous mix of nationalities providing a natural setting for studying the cross-cultural differences in the presence and severity of eating disorders as well as an opportunity for evaluating the performance of measurement instruments for these disorders. METHOD: Disordered eating screening instruments (the Eating Attitude Test and the Bulimic Investigatory Test) were administered to Omani teenagers, non-Omani teenagers, and Omani adults. RESULTS: On the Eating Attitude Test, 33% of Omani teenagers (29.4% females and 36.4% males) and 9% of non-Omani teenagers (7.5% of males and 10.6% females) showed a propensity for anorexic-like behavior. On the Bulimic Investigatory Test, 12.3% of Omani teenagers showed a propensity for binge eating or bulimia (13.7% females and 10.9% males). Among the non-Omani teenagers, 18.4% showed a tendency toward bulimia, with females showing a slightly greater tendency than males. In contrast, barely 2% of Omani adults showed either a presence of or a severity of disorderly behavior with food. CONCLUSION: Omani teenagers scored significantly higher than other ethnic groups and Omani adults. This finding is discussed in the light of emerging evidence from many parts of the world suggesting that cultural transition, compounded by demographic constraints, plays a significant role in abnormal eating attitudes.     

Physical and Sexual Abuse and Neglect and Eating Disorder Symptoms

Abstract

For eating-disordered patients with a history of post-traumatic stress, childhood abuse and neglect, and dissociative disorder, eating behavior symptoms may function as a rational response to unmetabolized traumatic experiences. This paper will review trauma-based theory, dissociation, abreactive, and ego-states therapy as they apply to eating disorder patients.     

Micro-affirmations and Recovery for Persons with Mental Health and Alcohol and Drug Problems: User and Professional Experience-Based Practice and Knowledge

Recurrent factors contributing to a recovery process from co-occurring mental health and addiction problems mentioned by users and professionals have been analyzed as part of working alliances and helpful relationships. Still, we lack knowledge about how helpful relationships are developed in daily practice. In this article, we focus on the concrete construction of professional helpful relationships. Forty persons in recovery and fifteen professionals were interviewed. The interviews were analyzed according to thematic analysis, resulting in three themes presented as paradoxes (1) My own decision, but with the help of others; (2) The need for structures and going beyond them; and (3) Small trivial things of great importance. Micro-affirmations have a central role in creating helpful relationships by confirming the individuals involved as more than solely users or professionals. More attention and appreciation should be paid to practices involving micro-affirmations.

     

Opiate and digitalis receptor assays distinguish between neuroexcitant and inactive organochlorines and between anesthetics and convulsants

Specific binding of [3H]naloxone to rat brain tissue in vitro was inhibited by the excitant organochlorinated insecticides (OCI), by ether (E) and octanol (OCT), and by the convulsant indoklon (IND) and its anesthetic isomer, isoindoklon (ISO). In the presence of 100 mM NaCl the inhibition of naloxone binding by E, OCT and ISO was greatly potentiated, whereas that by OCI and IND was attenuated. KCl (100 mM) was equally effective as NaCl on the action of anesthetics, but the effect of the excitant drugs was, in contrast to NaCl, unaffected by KCl. Specific binding of [3H]ouabain in the absence of Na, was depressed by anesthetics and enhanced by neuroexcitants. In the presence of NaCl, which by itself inhibits ouabain binding to brain, both anesthetics and excitants enhanced ouabain binding. DDE, a non-insecticidal analog of DDT, and the dimethyl derivative of the OCI, lindane, were inactive in the receptor assays. These observations point to a unique isolated system which responds consistently to anesthetic agents as a class and, in a different way, to neuroexcitant compounds.