生物血管异种移植的初步研究

目的为了寻求一种新的小口径血管代用品,建立异种移植的动物实验模型,以观察异种移植物的安全性、可靠性、通畅性及组织学改变。方法共采用17只杂种雌性犬,实验组10只,植入经环氧化物处理的猪血管移植物;对照组7只,植入人造血管。手术方法为右侧股动静脉瘘。术后通过超声和血管造影方法来观察移植血管的通畅性,并在术后3月将移植物取出,进行病理学检查,观察移植前后移植物的组织学改变。结果术后第一周、二周行Doppler超声检查结果,两组动静脉瘘均通畅,2周内血管通畅率为100%。术后3个月动脉造影检查后,生物血管组(PG)通畅5只,通畅率62.5%,e-PTFE组通畅4只,通畅率66.7%。两组数据统计学处理,差异无显著性(P>0.05)。术后3月对移植物取材,进行光镜及扫描电镜病理学检查,通畅的生物血管吻合口无狭窄,吻合部位有新的内膜覆盖,周围组织无钙化,有新生的内皮细胞覆盖。结论经环氧化物处理的猪的血管移植物(PG)生物血管作为异种移植物,生物相容性好,具有一定的可行性。     

颈动脉内膜剥脱术治疗颈动脉狭窄

目的分析颈动脉内膜剥脱术治疗颈动脉狭窄患者的疗效及安全性。方法回顾性分析武汉同济医院神经外科2005年1月至2010年8月12例经颈动脉内膜剥脱术治疗颈动脉狭窄的患者资料。结果术后患者影像学检查结果提示颈动脉通畅。所有患者脑缺血症状较术前均有改善。12例中1例出现术后切口血肿导致呼吸困难,其余未见手术并发症。随访6个月到45个月,随访期内无一例发生缺血性脑卒中。结论颈动脉内膜剥脱术能安全有效地治疗脑缺血的发生和有效预防缺血性脑卒中。     

64排螺旋CT对冠状动脉搭桥术效果的评价作用

【目的】研究64排螺旋CT冠状动脉成像在冠状动脉搭桥术后随访中的应用价值。【方法】对126人次冠状动脉搭桥术后6个月～2年患者(共348支桥血管)行64排螺旋CT冠脉成像,观察桥血管近端吻合口、桥血管本身和吻合口远端引流血管的通畅性。采用5分制计分法评价冠状动脉及桥血管的轴位多平面重建图像。【结果】图像平均质量达到优良水平,348支桥血管中有295支显示通畅,通畅率为84.77%,53个桥血管有狭窄,10个桥血管闭塞,闭塞率为2.87%,5例桥血管内有支架。【结论】64排螺旋CT可作为冠状动脉搭桥术后随访观察和了解搭桥术后效果的重要手段。     

椎动脉开口狭窄和闭塞的外科治疗经验

目的探讨对椎动脉狭窄和闭塞进行手术治疗的经验。方法本组28例,男21例,女7例;年龄52～73（68．3±0．03）岁;病程3个月至4年。左侧15例,右侧13例。依据椎动脉开口所在的位置不同,采用了两种术式。全身麻醉下16例患者采用了内膜剥脱术,10例行椎动脉与锁骨下动脉自体大隐静脉搭桥术,2例行椎动脉与颈总动脉端侧吻合术。结果1例于术后1周吻合口出血而再次手术,所有患者术后症状消失,痊愈出院;长期随访,3例在6个月后发生闭塞。6个月总通畅率89．28％（25／28）,其中内膜切除术为87．5％（14／16）,椎动脉一锁骨下动脉搭桥术为90％（9／10）。结论开放手术治疗椎动脉狭窄和闭塞症疗效显著,操作简单。选择的术式必须依据椎动脉起始位置和锁骨下动脉解剖情况而定。     

下肢动脉搭桥术后人工血管闭塞的治疗

目的 探讨下肢动脉搭桥术后人工血管闭塞的治疗方法及疗效.方法 回顾性分析自2004年10月至2009年10月治疗的下肢动脉搭桥术后人工血管闭塞53例临床资料,共计104例次闭塞,10例末次闭塞保守治疗,其余94例次手术治疗:单纯人工血管取栓术26例次,再次搭桥或延长搭桥术23例次,人工血管取栓并球囊扩张术18例次,截肢术14例次,人工血管取栓术并股动脉或腘动脉内膜剥脱术10例次,2例人工血管闭塞并感染取出后保守治疗,自体干细胞移植1例次.结果 77例次血运重建手术,49例次术后人工血管再次闭塞(63.6%).6例失访;47例患者平均随访(29.8±17.1)个月,其中10例死亡(21.3%),12例人工血管闭塞后截肢(25.5%),25例患者保肢(53.2%),其中18例患者人工血管通畅(38.3%),7例闭塞保守治疗(14.9%).生存分析显示本组3年生存率77.4%,保肢率64.7%,累积通畅率45.7%,重建术式对通畅时间的影响无统计学意义.结论 下肢动脉人工血管搭桥术后闭塞血运重建术后再闭塞率及截肢率较高,应根据具体情况选择恰当治疗方式.     

下肢动脉闭塞性疾病的外科治疗

目的:探讨下肢动脉闭塞性疾病外科手术方案的选择及其对移植血管远期通畅率的影响。方法:自1998年12月至2002年12月手术患者中,有80例得到完整随访,按照不同手术方案分组,结合随访结果,统计远期通畅率。结果:移植血管近期通畅率98.5%;1年、3年、5年远期通畅率分别为82%、71%、57%。腹股沟以上动脉旁路术中,移植血管5年通畅率85%;腹股沟以下动脉旁路术血管5年通畅率54%。腹股沟以下动脉旁路术中,移植血管采用自体大隐静脉5年通畅率66%,而采用PTFE人工血管5年通畅率41%(P=0.022)。结论:术前详细评估,结合患者状况制订个体化手术方案,选择适宜的移植物,完善围手术期处理,才能降低手术并发症及死亡率,提高远期治疗效果。     

South Australian carotid endarterectomy study

OBJECTIVE: To determine the operative morbidity and mortality of carotid endarterectomy in South Australia. DESIGN: This was a prospective study on consecutive patients already selected independently by their treating clinicians for carotid endarterectomy. Patients were assessed before and after the operation by independent neurologists. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: The study involved all patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy in South Australia in public and private hospitals over the 20-months period of the study. All vascular surgeons agreed to participate. INTERVENTION: Two hundred and thirty-nine carotid endarterectomies were performed on 223 patients, always as primary procedures. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Patient characteristics, angiographic findings and indications for surgery were documented before the operation by neurologists who then carried out postoperative assessments and determined neurological status at discharge. Follow-up at six and twelve months was by letter and telephone enquiry to general practitioners or direct to patients. RESULTS: The perioperative death and stroke rate was 6.3% including one stroke after angiography and before endarterectomy. Fourteen patients (5.9%) had strokes after the operation and three died as a result (1.3%). Three patients had reversible ischaemic neurological deficits. In 58 asymptomatic patients, operative morbidity was 3.4%. However, in 42 patients who had had a stroke before the operation, there were seven who had operative complications (16.7%). Neurological complication rates for individual surgeons varied from 0 to 13.8%. In the subsequent 12 months, follow-up of 214 patients revealed nine additional deaths (three known to be caused by stroke, four not caused by stroke and two of unknown cause) and six more cerebral infarctions (involving both operated and unoperated sides), an annual mortality plus stroke morbidity rate of 4.2%-5.1%. CONCLUSIONS: The morbidity and mortality of carotid endarterectomy in South Australia is acceptable by world standards but is high in the subgroup with a preceding stroke. In this audit, carotid endarterectomy had an average risk at least equal to one year of untreated carotid artery disease and did not diminish the expected stroke and death incidence after one year.     

经胭动脉入路逆行内膜下血管成形术治疗股浅动脉长段硬化性闭塞症临床对照研究

目的探讨经胭动脉人路逆行内膜下血管成形术治疗股浅动脉长段硬化性闭塞症的可行性和近期效果。方法回顾性分析17例因股浅动脉及胭动脉近端完全闭塞接受经胭动脉入路逆行内膜下廊管成形术／支架置人术的患者,并选择同期24例因相似病变行常规人路内膜下血管成形术／支架置人术成功的患者与之相对照,两组TASC11分类构成比无统计学差异（P〉0．05）。分析比较两组技术成功率、临床疗效、术中术后并发症发生情况。结果两组技术即时成功率均为100％。观察组术后6个月的初次通畅率为94．7％（16／17）;12个月时初次通畅率为76．5％（13／17）,再次通畅率100％。并发症（3例,17．6％）主要有胭动脉穿刺点假性动脉瘤,股动脉穿刺点出血,肢体远端动脉急性栓塞,根据情况给予了相应处理。ABI指数从术前的（0．43±0．23）上升至（0．89±0．26）（出院前）,6个月（0．86±0．25）及12个月（0．81±0．23）时保持改善状态（P〈0．01）。对照组术后6个月的初次通畅率为91．7％（22／24）;12个月时初次通畅率为75．0％（18／24）,再次通畅率100％。并发症2例（8．3％）,均为术后当晚股动脉穿刺点出血,重新加压包扎处理。ABI指数从术前的（0．55±0．31）上升至（0．90±0．23）（出院前）,6个月（0．88±0．21）及12个月（0．85±0．26）时保持改善状态（P〈0．01）。两组间术后通畅率、ABI差异无统计学差异（P〉0．05）。结论对于长段股浅动脉／胭动脉近端闭塞性病变,在腔内顺行开通失败的情况下运用经胴动脉入路逆行内膜下血管成形／支架置入术是一种安全有效的补救措施。     

Combined common femoral artery endarterectomy with superficial femoral artery stenting plus Shuxuening Injection (舒血宁注射液) infusion for chronic lower extremity ischemia: 3-year results

Objective:To investigate the efficacy and safety of combined common femoral artery(CFA) endarterectomy with superficial femoral artery(SFA)stenting plus Shuxuening Injection(舒血宁注射液)infusion in patients with complex multifocal arterial steno-obstructive lesions of the lower extremities.Methods:From March 2006 to March 2011,104 lower limbs in 96 patients with multilevel peripheral arterial steno-occlusive disease,involving SFA as well as CFA and deep femoral artery(DFA)orifice,were treated by combined surgical with endovascular therapy,such as SFA stenting as an adjunct to CFA endarterectomy and patch angioplasty with the great saphenous vein.Before the end of the operation,20 mL of Shuxuening Injection was infused through the catheter located in the treated artery.Technical and hemodynamic success,as well as primary and primary-assisted patency,was determined according to the Society for Vascular Surgery Guidelines.During follow-up,clinical status assessment,ankle-brachial index(ABI)test,and duplex Doppler ultrasound were administered every 6 months,and computed tomography angiography or magnetic resonance angiography was performed at 12,24,and 36 months after discharge.Results:All patients underwent successful combined CFA endarterectomy with SFA stenting treatment.The average ABI after the combination treatment increased from pretreatment of 0.32±0.21 to 0.82±0.24(P<0.01).No perioperative death and major limb amputations occurred.The mean duration of follow-up for 104 limbs from 96 patients was 1,180 days(range,196-2,064 days).During follow-up,5 patients died due to myocardial infarction,cerebral infarction,or pneumonia,and 5 patients were lost to follow-up.There were 21 cases(21.4%)of restenosis,with 15 that occurred in-stent and 6 near the distal end of the stent.A total of 18(18.3%)reinterventions were performed,including 6 balloon angioplasty,8 restenting procedures,2 bypass surgeries,and 2 major limb amputations.The primary patency rates were 92.2%,76.8%,and 61.3%at 12,24,and 36 months,respectively,while the primary-assisted patency rates were 94.4%,83.2%,and 75.6%at 12,24,and 36 months,respectively.Conclusion:The combined CFA endarterectomy with SFA stenting plus Shuxuening Injection infusion appears to offer a safe,less invasive,and effective treatment option to patients with chronic lower extremity ischemia due to complex multifocal peripheral artery disease.     

下肢动脉硬化闭塞症的腔内介入治疗及疗效观察

目的 探讨下肢动脉硬化性闭塞症的腔内治疗方法,观察综合介入治疗后的临床效果.方法 对我院2005年1月～2009年12月收治的84例（127支血管）下肢动脉硬化性闭塞症的患者,分别单独或联合采用溶栓、血管腔内成形术（PTA）、血管内支架植入术（PTRS）.术后定期复查,了解术后治疗血管的通畅情况.结果 84例127支血管采用溶栓、血管腔内成形术（PTA）、血管内支架植入术（PTRS）后,血管再通81例123支血管,血管再通率96.85%（123/127）.术后复查半年、一年、二年血管开通率分别为95.12%（117/123）、79.67%（98/123）、68.29%（84/123）.结论 下肢动脉硬化性闭塞症,通过综合介入治疗后,可使患者血管实现再通,改善下肢动脉血流,且近期、中期疗效满意.     

内窥镜鼻窦手术中上颌窦自然开口的处理

目的 探讨内窥镜鼻窦手术中寻找和处理上颌窦自然开口的方法和意义。方法 利用不同途径寻找到上颌窦开口后，根据窦口的形态和上颌窦本身的病变情况，决定扩大或不扩大开口，在不引起并发症的前提下，使扩大的窦口直径＞1cm。结果 515例慢性鼻窦炎、鼻息肉患者经术后6个月的随访，窦口开放率为86.2%（444／515例），闭锁率为13.8%(71/515例）。结论 上颌窦口的开放与否是内窥镜鼻窦手术疗效评定的重要依据，术中正确处理窦口及术后定期随访是保证窦口长期开放的关键。     

血管移植透析内瘘术—附45例(51人次)报告

本文报告４５例（５１人次）血管移植透析内瘘术。采用自体大隐静脉、异体动脉和人造血管（Ｅ－ＰＴＦＥ）材料,移植瘘管的一年透析使用率为８１．５８％,使用３年以上８例,病人带功能移植瘘管总时间最长达７６个月以上。每１００个移植瘘管随访月平均并发症发生率为３．６２,其中血栓形成和回流静脉或流出端吻合口狭窄是移植瘘管的主要失功原因。作者认为异体动脉具有良好的组织相容性、较高的瘘管使用率和血管材料的相对可选择性,是移植血管内瘘的较理想血管材料     

Patency rate and complications of polytetrafluoroethylene grafts compared with polyurethane grafts for hemodialysis access

Abstract

Background. The survival of hemodialysis patients requiring dialysis depends on the long-term functioning and patency of the vascular access. Prosthetic vascular grafts are inevitably used for patients whose vessels are unsuitable for an autogenous arteriovenous (AV) fistula. The purpose of this study was to compare the patency rate and associated complications using different types of grafts.

Methods. This prospective study was conducted on patients who did not have an appropriate vein for arteriovenous fistula from January 2004 through July 2006. They were divided into two groups, sex, age, and basic data matched. Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and polyurethane (PVAG) were the two types of grafts used in this study. The functionality of the graft was assessed immediately 1 day and 2 weeks after operation. The clinical follow-up was performed each 3 months until 24 months.

Results. One-year patency rate was reported to be 64% and 52% in the PTFE and PVAG groups, respectively. There was no significant difference in 1-year (64% versus 52%) and 2-year (49% versus 41%) patency rate of the PTFE and PVAG grafts used as vascular access. There was also no difference between the numbers of complications reported in the two groups.

Conclusion. It could be concluded that either PTFE or PVAG grafts can be used with the same expected outcomes.     

Three-dimensional reconstruction of electron beam computed tomography angiography for evaluating coronary artery bypass grafts

OBJECTIVES: To probe into electron beam computed tomography (EBCT) angiography and 3-D reconstruction of coronary artery bypass grafts (CABG) and to evaluate the clinical application of EBCT angiography and 3-D reconstruction of CABG. METHODS: EBCT angiography with 3-D reconstruction was achieved in 150 patients (142 men and 8 women, mean age, 57 +/- 8 years) with 399 grafts including 100 internal mammary artery grafts (IMG), 296 saphenous vein grafts(SVG) and 3 radial artery grafts (RAG) respectively. The time from bypass surgery to EBCT scanning ranged from 7 days to 120 months, averaging 15 +/- 28 months. Enhanced single slice mode (SSM) and flow studies were performed in all patients. The results of 3-D reconstruction of CABG were compared with bypass operation records and with coronary arteriograms (7 patients). RESULTS: 150 patients underwent successfully EBCT angiography and CABG 3-D reconstruction. According to 3-D reconstruction of the coronary bypass grafts with flow studies, 318 of 399 coronary bypass grafts were patent including IMG patency in 87/100 (87%), SVG in 228/296 (77%) and RAG in 3/3 (100/100). The overall patent rate was 79.7%. In 7 patients with 12 coronary bypass grafts, EBCT studies showed graft patency (7 grafts) and occlusion (5), which were confirmed by conventional graft angiography. CONCLUSIONS: EBCT angiography with 3-D reconstruction is effective in providing the entire anatomic structure of coronary bypass grafts and evaluating coronary bypass graft patency. EBCT flow study can provide quantitative data for evaluating coronary bypass graft patency and for supplemental diagnosis of CABG 3-D reconstruction. EBCT angiography is a noninvasive technique that could replace conventional coronary arteriography for follow-up survey of coronary bypass surgery in future.     

腹腔镜治疗输卵管妊娠后患侧输卵管通畅情况分析

目的分析输卵管妊娠经腹腔镜治疗后患侧输卵管的通畅情况。方法将我院2008-2010年间治疗的80例输卵管妊娠的患者分成腹腔镜治疗组和药物治疗组。成功后于术后3~6个月行子宫输卵管碘油造影术了解患侧输卵管通畅情况。结果腹腔镜治疗组成功率(95%)高于药物治疗成功率(80%),差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。腹腔镜组通畅率为77.5%,与药物治疗组的通畅率(47.5%)比较,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论腹腔镜治疗输卵管妊娠疗效较好,成功率以及术后患侧输卵管通畅率较高,且具有创伤小、恢复快、有效保留生育功能等优势。     

人造血管移植修复创伤性周围动脉缺损的临床研究

目的 总结应用ePTFE人造血管移植修复创伤性周围动脉缺损的方法和疗效，探讨血管吻合口感染的预防途径。方法 采用Life Green公司的膨胀泡沫聚四氟乙烯（ePTEE）人造血管通过旁路迂回等方式移植修复因创伤引起的周围动脉缺损38例。结果 人造血管移植术后行彩色多普勒检查、螺旋CT或MRI检查显示全部通畅，无吻合口感染。随访6、12和24个月，血管通畅率分别为100％、96.9％和89．3％。无截肢病例。结论 ePTFE人造血管移植修复创伤性周围主干动脉缺损是一种简便可行的手术方式。既能解决自体血管来源困难有限、口径小等难题，又能达到自体静脉移植同样的疗效。     

围手术期输注红细胞对不停跳下冠脉旁路移植术后近期桥血管通畅率的影响

目的 探讨不停跳下冠状动脉旁路移植术(OPCABG)围术期输入红细胞对于术后近期桥血管通畅率的影响.方法 选择2013 年6月至2015 年6月在安徽医科大学第一附属医院行OPCABG的106例(共127例,失访21例)患者为研究对象,依据患者围术期红细胞的使用与否分为两组:组Ⅰ(输注红细胞组,71例);组Ⅱ(未输注红细胞组,35例).术后1年左右行冠脉CT检查,对比观察两组患者各桥血管通畅情况.结果 组Ⅱ桥血管通畅率(96.97%)高于组Ⅰ(90.40%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),组Ⅱ大隐静脉桥血管通畅率(96.92%)高于组Ⅰ(88.15%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),而两组间乳内动脉桥血管通畅率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 OPCABG围手术期输血会加大近期大隐静脉桥血管再狭窄的发生率.     

Patency rate and complications of polytetrafluoroethylene grafts compared with polyurethane grafts for hemodialysis access

Background

The survival of hemodialysis patients requiring dialysis depends on the long-term functioning and patency of the vascular access. Prosthetic vascular grafts are inevitably used for patients whose vessels are unsuitable for an autogenous arteriovenous (AV) fistula. The purpose of this study was to compare the patency rate and associated complications using different types of grafts.

Methods

This prospective study was conducted on patients who did not have an appropriate vein for arteriovenous fistula from January 2004 through July 2006. They were divided into two groups, sex, age, and basic data matched. Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and polyurethane (PVAG) were the two types of grafts used in this study. The functionality of the graft was assessed immediately 1 day and 2 weeks after operation. The clinical follow-up was performed each 3 months until 24 months.

Results

One-year patency rate was reported to be 64% and 52% in the PTFE and PVAG groups, respectively. There was no significant difference in 1-year (64% versus 52%) and 2-year (49% versus 41%) patency rate of the PTFE and PVAG grafts used as vascular access. There was also no difference between the numbers of complications reported in the two groups.

Conclusion

It could be concluded that either PTFE or PVAG grafts can be used with the same expected outcomes.     

微创与常规静脉桥在冠状动脉旁路移植术中桥血管通畅率的对比观察

目的对比观察内窥镜及常规全程切开采集大隐静脉后静脉桥血管近期的通畅率。方法将2006-06～2010-12收治的80例搭桥患者随机分为内窥镜游离(EVH)组和常规切开采集(OVH)组,术后6个月复查64排冠脉CT,对比两组的静脉桥血管通畅率。结果 EVH和OVH组术后6个月静脉桥血管通畅率分别为94.7%和95.2%,两组比较无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论内窥镜采集的大隐静脉近期内有良好的桥血管通畅率。     

腔内治疗35例糖尿病下肢动脉闭塞性病变的疗效观察

【目的】探讨腔内治疗合并糖尿病的周围动脉闭塞性病变 （Peripheral Arterial Occlusive Disease,,PAOD）的疗效。【方法】回顾性分析35例伴发糖尿病的PAOD患者48次腔内治疗的临床资料。【结果】腔内操作技术成功率97．1％,术后30d无死亡病例。术前踝肱指数（0．419土0．142）显著低于术后（0．741±0．158）,其差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）;6个月、12个月、24个月及36个月的初次通畅率分别为85．2％、61．9％、54．3％及46．2％,二次通畅率分别为91．5％、83．1％、70．2％及63．3％,肢体保存率分别为94．3％、88．6％、85．8％及82．9％。【结论】经皮腔内治疗糖尿病PAOD具有通畅率较高、并发症少的优点,能较好地保持患肢的完整性。