人外周血单个核细胞向内皮祖细胞及内皮细胞分化的实验研究

目的 探讨体外分离、培养成人外周血单个核细胞,并将其定向诱导分化为内皮祖细胞及成熟血管内皮细胞的方法.方法 密度梯度离心法提取人外周血单个核细胞,用含有生长因子的内皮培养基将其体外培养、定向诱导分化为内皮祖细胞及成熟血管内皮细胞;分别用流式细胞技术及RT-PCR通过对内皮祖细胞及内皮细胞表面特异性抗原的检测进行细胞鉴定.结果 分离获得的单个核细胞培养7 d后形成梭状的内皮样细胞,部分细胞积聚成团形成克隆集落,流式细胞仪鉴定该细胞表达内皮祖细胞特异性抗原CD34、CD133及VEGFR.继续培养4周后细胞形成典型铺路石样改变,RT-PCR检测有成熟血管内皮细胞特异性基因vWF、eNOS表达.结论 可成功分离人外周血单个核细胞,并可将其定向诱导分化为内皮祖细胞及成熟内皮细胞.     

人外周血树突状细胞体外诱导培养及表型鉴定

目的从健康人外周血中分离单个核细胞（peripheral blood mononuclearcell,PBMC）,经体外诱导培养获取成熟树突状细胞（dendritic cell,DC）.方法取健康人新鲜外周血,经密度梯度离心法分离,获得单个核细胞,在含10%胎牛血清的RPMI-1640培养基中培养.置37℃、5%CO2培养箱内静置培养2 h后除去悬浮细胞.培养液中加入rhGM-CSF和rhIL-4继续培养贴壁细胞5 d,然后加入TNF-α促进其分化成熟.倒置显微镜下观察DC形态,流式细胞仪（flowcytometer,FCM）对其进行表型鉴定.结果显微镜下观察DC细胞形态不规则,表面有大量的毛刺状突起;成熟DC细胞表面CD83、CD80分子表达明显增高.结论用rhGM-CSF、rhIL-4和TNF-α联合培养可以从健康人外周血诱导培养出成熟的树突状细胞.     

小鼠骨髓浆细胞样树突状细胞亚群的体外诱导及其鉴定

目的 建立小鼠骨髓浆细胞样树突状细胞亚群的体外培养方法,并从形态、表型特征及功能方面与髓样树突状细胞亚群进行对比研究,探讨浆细胞样树突状细胞的生物学特性.方法 无菌条件下提取C57BL/6小鼠骨髓细胞,体外通过特异性细胞因子Flt3-Ligand诱导其向浆细胞样及髓样树突状细胞亚群分化,并利用倒置显微镜、流式细胞仪及混合淋巴细胞反应从形态学、表型特征及功能三方面对培养得到的浆细胞样树突状细胞进行鉴定.结果 小鼠骨髓细胞经Flt3-Ligand体外诱导培养8d,可获得表型为CD11c+ CD11b-B220+的浆细胞样树突状细胞亚群.形态上,浆细胞样树突状细胞亚群多为表面光滑的圆形,胞核常呈偏心分布的肾形.共刺激分子表达上,未成熟浆细胞样树突状细胞低水平表达CD80、CD86、CD40及MHC-Ⅱ类分子,不能被TLR4激动剂LPS诱导成熟,但在TLR9激动剂CpG ODN1826作用下,能够迅速转化为成熟树突状细胞.功能方面,浆细胞样树突状细胞具有一定的刺激同种异基因淋巴细胞增殖的能力,但弱于同等刺激条件下的髓样树突状细胞.结论 小鼠骨髓细胞在Flt3-Ligand的体外刺激诱导下,可向浆细胞样树突状细胞方向分化,所培养出的浆细胞样树突状细胞形态上多呈淋巴细胞样,低表达共刺激分子,并具有一定的刺激同种异基因淋巴细胞增殖的能力.     

小鼠骨髓源树突状细胞的体外培养及鉴定

目的建立小鼠骨髓源树突状细胞（bonetnarrowdendriticcell,BMDC）的培养方法并对其表型和功能进行鉴定．方法无菌取BALB/c小鼠股骨、胫骨中的骨髓细胞,以粒一巨噬细胞集落刺激因子体外诱导分化为BMDC,倒置显微镜动态观察BMDC增殖和形态变化情况,流式细胞术分析细胞表型,并检测其抗原吞噬功能．结果小鼠骨髓细胞体外诱导可获得大量未成熟和成熟BMDC,呈现典型的树突状形态．未成熟BMDC的细胞表型为CDllchighCD40lowcD86lowMHC—Illow,具有较强的抗原吞噬能力．未成熟BMDC经细菌脂多糖刺激后可分化为高表达CD11c、CD40、CD86及MHC—II类分子的成熟BMDC．结论体外诱导培养可获得小鼠骨髓来源的未成熟和成熟DC。     

枸杞多糖对诱导树突状细胞成熟和增强T细胞增殖的影响

目的 观察枸杞多糖对诱导树突状细胞(DC)成熟和T细胞增殖的作用.方法 通过密度梯度离心法分离人外周血单核细胞,采用细胞因子体外培养7 d后分别加入枸杞多糖,观察细胞形态变化,用免疫细胞化学法检测DC分子的表达,通过混合淋巴细胞反应检测细胞提呈抗原的能力.结果 经枸杞多糖诱导的DC分子表达有明显变化(MHCⅡ+、CD86+、CD83+),差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),而经RPMI 1640培养的DC分子表达与培养前无明显变化.经枸杞多糖诱导的DC能促进T细胞增殖能力(P＜0.05).结论 枸杞多糖能促进DC成熟和增强T细胞增殖能力.     

不同来源人树突状细胞的培养诱导及鉴定

目的通过对不同来源的人树突状细胞的体外培养与诱导,建立树突状细胞的稳定体系,为更进一步实验打好基础。方法分离人外周血单个核细胞(PBMC),用不同树突状细胞亚群的特异性表面标记抗体磁珠分离树突状细胞前体,通过加入不同的刺激分子,分别诱导未成熟、成熟及活化等不同阶段的树突状细胞。结果与未成熟树突状细胞相比,成熟活化型树突状细胞表达HLA-DR、CD86以及CD40等共刺激分子明显升高,其中MoDC对成熟标记物CD83的表达水平亦较高。此外,两者在形态上也有明显的差异。结论通过对不同亚群树突状细胞的体外诱导、培养和鉴定,建立了较为成熟的研究树突状细胞的平台,为深入开展工作打下基础。     

内皮祖细胞的分离培养及生物学特性的鉴定

目的 探讨大鼠骨髓来源的内皮祖细胞(EPC)体外诱导、培养和扩增的方法.方法 梯度离心法采集大鼠骨髓单个核细胞,分为血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)诱导组和非诱导组进行体外培养,应用免疫细胞化学和流式细胞术分别进行鉴定.结果 大鼠骨髓单个核细胞(MNC)经过培养,形成线样结构和类血管样结构,表达EPC特异性抗原CD133和内皮细胞(EC)的特异性抗原Ⅷ因子、Flk-1、和CD34,培养细胞同时具有EPC和EC的表面蛋白特性,且诱导组阳性细胞数多于非诱导组,形成特殊结构的时间早于非诱导组.结论 ①通过分离骨髓MNC进行诱导培养可以提高EPC的纯度.②VEGF可促进EPC的增殖和血管样结构的形成.③体外培养1周左右是EPC增殖的高峰期.     

人外周血树突状细胞的体外培养及鉴定

目的在体外从人外周血中培养、鉴定树突状细胞。方法取正常健康人新鲜外周血,经密度梯度离心法分离,获得单个核细胞,取贴壁细胞加入重组人粒细胞—巨噬细胞集落刺激因子和重组人白细胞介素-4,体外培养第7天,加入肿瘤坏死因子-α促进其分化成熟。用倒置显微镜观察其形态,用流式细胞仪进行表型测定。结果从正常人外周血分离获得的单个核细胞经rhGM-CSF,rhIL-4和TNF-α联合培养,获得大量树突状细胞。具有典型的树突状细胞形态和免疫表型,高表达HLA-DR,CD83,CD80,CD86、HLA-DR CD83 及CD80 CD86 。结论用rhGM-CSF,rhIL-4和TNF-α联合培养可以从人外周血诱导培养出大量的树突状细胞且高表达HLA-DR,CD80,CD83,CD86、HLA-DR CD83 及CD80 CD86 。     

兔外周血内皮祖细胞的分离、培养和鉴定

目的:研究新西兰大白兔外周血内皮祖细胞(EOCs)的分离、培养和鉴定方法,为后续实验研究做好准备.方法:通过耳中央动脉采集兔外周血,密度梯度离心法分离单个核细胞(MNCs),在EGM-2培养基的诱导分化下,获得EOCs.通过标记的乙酰化低密度脂蛋白(DiI-ac-LDL)摄取试验、荆豆凝集素(FITC-UEA-1)结合实验、CD34与Ⅷ因子免疫组化染色、flk-1免疫荧光染色、体外血管形成实验以及细胞NO分泌功能测定,从细胞表面标记和细胞功能两方面对细胞进行鉴定.结果:新西兰大白兔外周血MNCs在体外培养可成功获得EOCs,EOCs能稳定摄取ac-LDL并与UEA-1结合,一致表达CD34、flk-1和Ⅷ因子相关抗原.EOCs能分泌NO,并能在matrigel凝胶上形成稳定的血管腔样结构.结论:密度梯度离心法分离的兔外周MNCs在一定的培养条件下能诱导分化成为EOCs.     

豚鼠树突状细胞的诱导与特性分析

目的建立能从豚鼠骨髓单核细胞中获得大量、具有抗原提呈功能的树突状细胞的方法。方法通过运用骨髓细胞培养的方法,以重组粒细胞—巨噬细胞集落刺激因子(GM-CSF)和白细胞介素4(IL-4)协同诱导、培养和扩增豚鼠骨髓来源的树突状细胞,通过形态学和免疫表型进行鉴定,同时利用卡介苗(BCG)诱导树突状细胞后进行细胞凋亡的分析。结果在倒置显微镜下观察,培养7~14d后,细胞表面突起增多、分支较多,呈蔓状分布于细胞表面,形似树枝状,呈现典型的树突状细胞形态;免疫细胞化学检测经GM-CSF和IL-4诱导分化培养的豚鼠树突状细胞CD14阳性;流式细胞仪结合Annexin V-FITC标记法检测发现,BCG与树突状细胞混合培养24h后,细胞凋亡率为18.95%,显著高于对照组4.3%。结论成功建立了体外大量培养、诱导及扩增豚鼠骨髓来源树突状细胞的方法;经倒置相差显微镜、荧光显微镜及流式细胞仪鉴定,证实所培养细胞为树突状细胞。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.