廊坊市中小学生常见病分析

目的了解廊坊市中小学生健康状况。为开展中小学生常见病的防治工作提供参考依据。方法在廊坊市随机抽取中学3所、小学2所共4330名中小学生进行健康测评。结果 2003～2007年廊坊市学生视力低下、龋齿(恒牙)、营养不良、肥胖平均检出率分别为52.09%、6.37%、10.69%、12.77%。视力低下、龋齿(恒牙)、肥胖检出率呈逐年上升趋势;营养不良检出率呈逐年下降趋势(17.34%～0.53%);小学生和中学生均为视力低下检出率最高,分别为17.63%和66.92%。结论廊坊市中小学生常见病防治工作不容乐观,无论小学生还是中学生视力低下应是今后防治工作重点。     

中小学生常见病调查分析

为掌握我县中小学生常见病情况,促进今后学生常见病防治工作开展,笔者根据本县2001和2005年全县乡镇以上中小学校学生的体检资料,对中小学生6种常见病:视力低下、龋齿、沙眼、贫血、营养不良、肥胖等进行了分析.现报告如下:     

蚌埠市2022年中小学生近视现状分析

目的：分析蚌埠市中小学生近视的患病率、戴镜率及视力矫正率，为区域化防控近视提供科学依据。方法：釆用整体普查的方法，依据蚌埠市教育部门的相关要求，在2022年春季学生视力体检时，对蚌埠市63所学校的中、小学生进行视力检査和屈光检测。分析该地区中小学生近视在不同学段、不同性别、城区与乡镇的差异，统计不同学段近视学生戴镜及视力矫正的情况。结果：共调査63所学校41 846名学生，视力不良检出率为68.24%(28 554/41 846),近视率为59.74%(24 998/41 846)。女生近视率[64.14%(12 174/18 979)]高于男生[56.08%(12 824/22 867)],城区学生近视率[60.50%(19 517/32 257)]高于乡镇学生[50.01%(3 913/7 824)],差异均有统计学意义(χ²=280.388、285.423,P均<0.001)。各学段近视患病率从低到高依次为：小学生49.04%(13 650/27 834),初中生79.86%(9 780/12 247),高中生88.84%(1 568/1 765),各...     

上海市松江区洞泾镇普通中小学校学生视力不良情况分析

目的：分析松江区洞泾镇普通中小学校学生视力不良情况,为学校防治学生近视提供合理建议。方法：整群抽取2011－2015年洞泾镇中小学生视力检查资料进行统计和分析。结果：5年中,洞泾镇中小学生视力不良检出率呈上升趋势,中学生视力不良检出率高于小学生,差异有统计学意义（χ2=810.66,P＜0.05）,而且视力不良程度有中度视力低下为主向重度视力低下转化趋势。结论：预防近视应从低年级开始,中学是防治近视的重点,社会、学校和家庭需要共同协作,保护学生视力。     

2005～2011年番禺区南村镇学校学生视力状况调查与分析

目的调查分析番禺区南村镇学校学生视力健康状况及变化趋势,为采取有效措施预防中小学生的视力减退提供依据。方法整群抽取于番禺区南村镇2005～2011年在校学生,对其视力状况进行了调查。结果视力低下率初中生高于小学生,女生高于男生,且视力低下率随着时间的推移而逐年升高。结论番禺区南村镇学生的视力低下的患病率有逐年增高的趋势,应引起有关部门的重视,加强学生的健康教育。     

1991年与2000年河南省中小学生视力状况调查对比

目的　探讨河南省中小学生视力现状及发展变化趋势 ,为预防近视工作提供科学依据。方法　对 1991年和2 0 0 0年河南省学生体质健康状况调研中小学生视力检测数据进行分析。结果　 1991年河南省中小学生视力低下率为3 2 68% ,2 0 0 0年河南省中小学生视力低下率为 3 9 2 0 % ,其中屈光近视人数均占视力低下人数的 95 %以上。结论　河南省中小学生视力低下率整体上呈上升趋势 ,屈光近视为其主要组成群体。     

牡丹江市爱民区中小学生乙肝病毒感染状况调查

目的了解牡丹江市爱民区中小学生乙肝病毒感染状况,以便为我辖区中小学生肝炎防治措施制定提供科学依据.方法用郑州博赛生物研究所生产的乙型肝炎病毒表面抗原胶体金测试纸条,对牡丹江爱民区2所中学、2所小学4308名学生进行检测.结果检测4308名学生,HBsAg阳性率为2.93%。其中男生阳性率为3.16%,女生阳性率为2.66%,男生明显高于女生:城区学生阳性率为2.52%,乡镇学生阳性率为3.32%,乡镇学生阳性率明显高于城区。中学生阳性率为3.15%,小学生阳性率为2.67%。中学生明显高于小学生.结论乡镇学生阳性率高于城区学生,应引起家长、学校、卫生部门的重视。     

广西环江毛南族自治县2008～2012年手足口病流行病学特征分析

目的：分析广西环江毛南族自治县近年手足口病流行特征,为当地进一步的防治提供参考。方法从该县《国家疾病监测信息报告管理系统》收集2008～2012年各乡镇各医疗单位手足口病病例疫情报告,采用Excel软件进行统计分析。结果该县的12个乡镇卫生院5年中报告当地居民及流动人口手足口病病例共3114例,死亡病例共8例,年发病率在12.46/10万到457.06/10万之间,年均发病率为165.12/10万,病例数有逐年增多的趋势。当地手足口病的流行高峰期在4～7月份,占总病例数的81.28%。全县各乡镇均有病例报告,其中6个乡镇病例占总病例数的77.91%,病例以散居儿童为主占91.46%。病原学监测EV71占54.76%,CoxA16占19.05%,其他肠道病毒占26.19%。结论加强该县手足口病流行高峰期重点乡镇散居儿童的防治应是其防治工作重点,预防病例数逐年地增多。     

开平市青少年视功能状况调查研究

目的调查开平市青少年的视力状况,总结近视相关防控措施。方法采用简单随机抽样法选取在我院视力保健科三个体检小组进行视力检查的全市幼儿园及中小学生共76608人作为研究对象,统计分析开平市青少年的视力状况。结果视力不良总发生率为37.02%,初中学生的视力不良发生率显著高于小学和幼儿园学生,小学生的视力不良发生率又显著高于幼儿园学生(P<0.05)。幼儿园学生中,幼儿班的视力不良率最低,学前班的视力不良率最高。小学六年级学生的视力不良检出率明显高于其他年级(P<0.05)。小学年级越高,中重度视力不良比例越高。各所中学的重度视力不良发生率均显著高于轻度及中度视力不良(P<0.05)。结论开平市青少年普遍存在着视力不良情况,医院应积极采取各项近视防控措施,以改善青少年的视力状况。     

1991年与2000年河南省中小学生视力状况调查对比

目的 探讨河南省中小学生视力现状及发展变化趋势，为预防近视工作提供科学依据。方法 对1991年和2000年河南省学生体质健康状况调研中小学生视力检测数据进行分析。结果 19991年河南省中小学生视力低下率为32．68％，2000年河南省中小学生视力低下率为39．20％，其中屈光近视人数均占视力低下人数的95％以上。结论 河南省中小学生视力低下率整体上呈上升趋势，屈光近视为其主要组成群体。     

凯里市2010年儿童入托入学查验预防接种证及疫苗补种工作情况分析

目的了解凯里市入托入学查验预防接种证工作开展情况,为凯里市入托入学查验预防接种证工作今后更加规范和管理提供依据。方法按照《贵州省入托入学查验接种证制度操作手册(2009年修订)》的要求,对凯里市公办、私营、未注册的幼儿园、小学开展查验预防接种证工作及对凯里市2010年入托入学查验预防接种证工作资料进行统计分析。结果 2010年,全市托幼机构、小学在入托、入学查验预防接种证时,持证率分别为92.59%、80.09%;经入托、入学查验证补证后持证率均为100%。全市托幼机构、小学查验证时和补种后的脊灰疫苗、百白破疫苗(小学为百白破疫苗+白破)、麻疹疫苗、乙肝疫苗报告全程接种率分别为68.83%、78.46%、75.71%、67.81%;96.92%、96.98%、97.35%、78.73%。各疫苗的补种率分别为86.96%、81.40%、85.00%、31.46%。入托儿童报告全程接种率高于入学儿童,补种率低于入学儿童(除乙肝疫苗外)结论入托入学查验预防接种证工作取得了明显成效,但补种率有待提高,教育、卫生部门相互协调配合有待于更进一步的加强。     

Social pressure in the family and school

Most adolescents initially use drugs out of curiosity, or experimentally. Those who continue on to become problematic users need to be identified early so that preventive strategies can be used. At risk for substance misuse are those young people who are particularly vulnerable to adverse social pressures in their families and schools. They have poor coping skills to deal with demands and stresses and often have low self image and absence of a positive identity. Preventive strategies therefore need to be directed at both family and school level. Drug education involves the acquisition of communication and decision making skills, as well as the enhancement of young people's confidence and self esteem, thus leading to the development of a positive identity.     

Substance use among high school students in relation to school characteristics

This research relates current use by 11th grade students of 17 psychoactive substances and age of first use and intoxication to characteristics of high schools in which they are enrolled. The 2,471 11th grade students surveyed were enrolled in a representative sample of 44 California high schools. Correlations between schools based on twelve characteristics (total 12th grade achievement scores, SES, percent various ethnic groups, etc.) were analyzed by means of a complete linkage cluster analysis. Three clusters of schools were identified. Frequency of use of alcohol, marijuana, cocaine, and other substances as well as polydrug use and age of first alcohol use were found to differ significantly between schools in different clusters. In general, substance use was highest in rural or small town, predominantly white high schools with relatively low enrollments, second highest in large, high SES, predominantly white schools, and lowest in large, low SES, predominantly minority high schools. Four hypotheses relating school characteristics and substance use suggested by these findings are proposed.     

A school and community outbreak of tuberculosis in Auckland

AIM: To describe a school and community outbreak of tuberculosis in South Auckland in 1997/8. METHODS: Cases were diagnosed according to national guidelines at Middlemore, Green Lane and Starship Hospitals. Public health follow-up was conducted by Auckland Healthcare. RESULTS: Twelve cases were diagnosed during the outbreak. Nine cases were from the same South Auckland secondary school; six reported no association outside school. Three cases were in younger children who had close household contact with two of the school cases. Nine cases (including eight from the school) had identical Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates on restriction fragment length polymorphism testing. No microbiological culture was obtained from the three remaining cases. Contact investigation detected five of the cases. Chemoprophylaxis was prescribed for twenty-six school students, two adult staff, and nine household contacts. CONCLUSION: This is the first published account of a tuberculosis outbreak in a New Zealand school setting for decades. Recognition of the outbreak was delayed. DNA fingerprinting played a valuable role in the investigation. The source case may have been a school student. The social impact of the outbreak and preventability with routine adolescent BCG vaccination are discussed.     

Alcohol intoxication and school dropout

The aim of the study was to investigate if alcohol intoxications predict dropout from senior high school over and beyond the effect of alcohol consumption and to seek out potential confounding or mediating mechanisms in the form of a longitudinal cohort-sequential survey. The participants were a nationally representative sample of Norwegian junior and senior high school students (n=5308). Measures used were of alcohol consumption, number of intoxications, school dropout, conduct problems, drug use, friends' problem behaviour, truancy, attitude to school, educational aspirations, grades, homework, youth centrism, leisure time activities, religiosity, depression, academic self-concept, attachment to parents. Intoxications did override the effect of alcohol consumption and predicted dropout. This effect was confounded by parental attachment, whereas truancy and associating with peers high in problem behaviour mediated the effect of intoxications. Frequent alcohol intoxications increase the risk for school dropout by means of increased truancy and differential association with counternormative peers.