GJC2 基因5’UTR 区变异致两兄妹同患佩梅样病

目的鉴定一家系两兄妹同患遗传性脑白质病的致病性变异。方法收集患儿及家系的临床资料。提取患儿两兄妹及其父母的外周血DNA,先后采用医学外显子、全外显子、全基因组测序进行遗传学分析及Sanger测序验证。结果两兄妹临床表现符合佩梅样病。医学外显子测序及全外显子测序均未发现患儿携带致病性变异,全基因组测序发现两兄妹存在GJC 2基因(NM-020435.3)c.-167A>T(5’UTR)exon1/2同一纯合变异,常染色体隐性遗传,分别来源于其父母。结论GJC 2基因c.-167A>T为本家系两兄妹同患佩梅样病的致病性变异,全基因组测序能发现5’UTR区这一位点的异常。     

ARID1B基因变异致Coffin-Siris综合征1例报告并文献复习

目的探讨ARID1B基因变异致Coffin-Siris综合征的临床及遗传特征。方法回顾分析1例ARID1B基因变异致Coffin-Siris综合征患儿的临床资料及分子遗传学检测结果,并复习相关文献。结果患儿,男,2岁8个月,因智力运动发育落后就诊。患儿生后就有喂养困难,体质量增长不良,特殊面容(头皮毛发稀疏、发际低、拱形浓眉、长睫毛、鼻翼宽、鼻梁低、上唇薄、下唇厚而外翻、唇毛明显),四肢肌张力低下,右足趾甲小。全外显子测序显示ARID1B基因存在c.6257T>C(p.Leu 2086 Pro)杂合错义变异,父母未发现上述变异,为新生变异。文献共检索到已报道因ARID1B基因所致Coffin-Siris综合征患者86例,患儿临床特征与已报道病例基本相符。结论Coffin-Siris综合征为罕见的常染色体显性遗传病,可累及多个系统,基因检测可协助诊断。     

Kabuki综合征2例临床表型和基因变异分析

目的分析Kabuki 综合征(KS)的临床和分子遗传学特征。方法回顾分析2例以生长迟缓就诊的KS患儿的临床资料,并对患儿及其父母进行矮小相关基因组或全外显子组测序及全基因组拷贝数变异(CNV)检测。结果 2例女性患儿,均因喂养困难、生长迟缓就诊;临床表现均为特殊容貌,按年龄身长、按年龄体质量的Z评分均-2.5,发育迟缓,脊椎侧弯,头颅磁共振成像异常。例1伴右肾异位,例2伴房间隔缺损。基因检测发现,例1患儿KMT2D基因34号外显子c.10139delA(p.K3380Sfs*12)杂合变异;例2患儿KDM6A基因16号外显子c.1909-1912delTCTA(p.Ser637Thrfs*53)杂合变异,均为移码变异,新发、致病性变异。结论生长迟缓、喂养困难伴发育迟缓及特殊面容的患儿可行遗传学诊断。     

德朗热综合征1 例基因检测和临床分析

目的分析德朗热综合征的基因变异及临床表现。方法收集1例疑诊德朗热综合征患儿的临床资料以及全基因组二代测序基因分析资料。结果 6月龄男性患儿,生长缓慢,面容特殊(额部多毛、连心眉、弓形浓眉、睫毛长且弯曲、双眼睑下垂、鼻梁低平、人中长、嘴唇薄、嘴角下斜)。患儿NIPBL基因第9外显子检测到c.1679delA(p.K566Sfs*48)杂合突变,为未见文献报道的新发变异,患儿父母亲该基因位点均无异常。参照美国医学遗传学与基因组学学会指南,该变异位点为致病性变异。结论检测到NIPBL基因未见文献报道和收录的截短蛋白突变,丰富了基因突变图谱。     

SYNGAP1 基因变异致癫痫伴认知发育障碍3 例临床分析

目的探讨SYNGAP1基因变异致儿童癫痫伴认知发育障碍的临床特点。方法收集并分析2017—2019年确诊的3例SYNGAP1变异相关癫痫患儿的临床资料以及对患儿及父母的全外显子二代测序及Sanger验证结果。结果 3例患儿中,男2例、女1例,均为儿童期起病。癫痫发作分别表现为眼睑肌阵挛伴失神,肌阵挛、失张力,局灶性发作。3例患儿均有认知异常,其中1例有刻板、攻击行为,缺少眼神交流和社会性交往。患儿父母及家系成员无惊厥及发育障碍。3例患儿均检测到SYNGAP1基因存在新发杂合变异,均为常染色体显性遗传,分别为6号外显子c.623delC(p.P208Qfs*15)、1号外显子c.67+1GA(splicing)、13号外显子c.2158GA(p.Asp720Asn),其中13号外显子错义变异患儿为局灶性发作。结论 SYNGAP1基因变异可导致癫痫伴认知发育障碍,癫痫发作具有临床多样性。     

一例罕见 CFTR基因突变致儿童遗传性胰腺炎的临床与遗传学分析

目的探讨1例与CFTR基因有关的儿童遗传性胰腺炎的临床及遗传学特点。方法回顾总结山东第一医科大学附属省立医院收治的1例与CFTR基因有关的遗传性胰腺炎患儿的临床特点, 应用全外显子测序技术对患儿及其父母、姐姐进行基因测序, 用生物信息学软件预测其危害性, 并通过蛋白质结构模拟分析其影响。结果全外显子测序发现与疾病高度相关的CFTR基因变异。在位点c.3406G>A(p.A1136T)及c.650G>A(p.E217G)患儿、其父亲、姐姐为杂合变异, 其母亲无变异;在位点c.3209G>A(p.R1070Q)患儿、其母亲、姐姐为杂合变异, 其父亲无变异。蛋白结构预测软件分析, 基因突变位点导致了蛋白结构相应位置的氢键及空间构象改变。结论对反复发作的胰腺炎, 需警惕遗传性胰腺炎的可能, 基因测序是可靠的检测方法。     

甲状腺球蛋白低下的先天性甲状腺功能减退症一家系基因 突变分析

目的探讨甲状腺球蛋白(TG)低下的先天性甲状腺功能减退症(CH)家系TG基因突变特点,并分析基因型与临床表型的关系。方法回顾1个姐弟2人同患TG低下的CH家系,从外周血中提取基因组DNA,进行TG基因突变检测。结果患儿父亲TG基因发生c.274+2TG杂合变异,母亲为c.2512CT杂合变异。患儿姐弟二人TG基因均发现上述2个变异,为复合杂合变异,c.2512CT为新发现的突变位点,致病性尚未见文献报道。结论 TG基因突变引起蛋白质功能改变导致CH。该研究发现1个新的TG基因突变位点。     

隐睾及隐睾合并其他泌尿生殖系统畸形的外显子测序分析

目的对隐睾及隐睾合并其他泌尿生殖系统畸形的不同表型患儿进行外显子测序,以探索不同临床表型的分子病因。方法提取19例隐睾及隐睾合并其他泌尿生殖系统畸形患儿外周血基因组DNA进行外显子测序,并对测序结果进行生物信息学分析,其中3例行全基因外显子测序,16例行常见基因外显子测序,再采用Sanger测序对获得候选致病突变的患儿及其父母的外周血样本进行突变位点验证。结果本研究纳入的19例患儿中,6例外显子测序结果经生物信息学分析后发现存在异常结果,并提示有3个基因可能与相关表型发病有关:①AR基因发生3处错义突变(c.1600C>A;p.Pro534Thr)、(c.2599G>A;p.Val867Met)和(c.528C>A;p.Ser176Arg);②NR5A1基因发生移码突变(c.442delG;p.Glu148Serfs*148)和错义突变(c.43G>A;p.Val15Met);③ATRX基因发生剪切位点突变(c.4317+13T>C)。其中c.2599G>A和c.43G>A为已知突变,其余4处未见相关研究报道,为新发突变。Sanger测序结果表明6处突变均得以验证,5例患儿母亲存在对应位点突变、患儿父亲未见异常,1例患儿父母均未见异常。结论AR基因错义突变、NR5A1移码和错义突变及ATRX的剪切位点突变可能是隐睾及隐睾合并其他泌尿生殖系统畸形发病的危险因素。     

神经元蜡样脂褐质沉积症3例临床及基因变异分析

目的探讨神经元蜡样脂褐质沉积症(NCL)的临床和基因变异特征。方法回顾分析3例NCL患儿的临床资料和基因检测结果。结果 3例女性患儿,多表现为认知和运动倒退、不同程度的癫痫发作、视力受累。全外显子测序发现,例1的PPT1基因存在c.124+1GA及c.413CT复合杂合变异,其中c.124+1GA遗传自父亲,c.413CT遗传自母亲;例2及其哥哥PPT1基因存在c.181CT及c.536+1GA复合杂合变异,其中c.181CT遗传自父亲,c.536+1GA遗传自母亲;例3的CLN8基因存在c.768GT及c.209GT复合杂合变异,其中c.768GT遗传自父亲,c.209GT遗传自母亲。c.768GT和c.209GT是既往未见报道的新的变异位点。结论基因检测有助NCL的诊断及遗传咨询;PPT1基因变异可呈现不同的临床表现,即使是同一家系具有相同变异位点的个体临床表现也各不相同。     

新生儿瓜氨酸血症Ⅰ型一例ASS1基因突变研究北大核心CSCD

目的 对1例瓜氨酸血症Ⅰ型家系进行基因检测,阐明其病因,为该病的诊断和遗传咨询提供依据.方法 提取患儿及其父母外周血基因组DNA,采用Sanger测序对ASS1基因14个外显子进行DNA测序,Phyre软件分析ASS1蛋白分子的三级结构及功能.结果 检测到患儿有c.951delT （F317LfsX375）和c.1087C ＞T （R363W）两个杂合突变,分别遗传自父亲和母亲.蛋白质结构分析发现,c.951 delT影响ASS1蛋白分子的空间结构和功能.结论 ASS1基因c.951 delT和c.1087C＞T复合杂合突变是导致患儿瓜氨酸血症Ⅰ型的分子病因,c.951 delT为未见报道的突变类型,推测其改变了蛋白质分子的空间构型,从而影响ASS1蛋白的酶活性.     

Allergic factors associated with the development of asthma and the influence of cetirizine in a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial: First results of ETA®

There is a common progression known as the allergic march from atopic dermatitis to allergic asthma. Cetirizine has several antiallergic properties that suggest a potential effect on the development of airway inflammation and asthma in infants with atopic dermatitis. Methods. Over a two year period, 817 infants aged one to two years who suffered from atopic dermatitis and with a history of atopic disease in a parent or sibling were included in the ETAC^® (Early Treatment of the Atopic Child) trial, a multi-country, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial. The infants were treated for 18 months with either cetirizine (0.25mg/ kg b.i.d.) or placebo. The number of infants who developed asthma was compared between the two groups. Clinical and biological assessments including analysis of total and specific IgE antibodies were performed. Results. In the placebo group, the relative risk (RR) for developing asthma was elevated in patients with a raised level of total IgE (≥ 30 kU/I) or specific IgE (≥ 0.35 kUA/I) for grass pollen, house dust mite or cat dander (RR between 1.4 and 1.7). Compared to placebo, cetirizine significantly reduced the incidence of asthma for patients sensitised to grass pollen (RR = 0.5) or to house dust mite (RR = 0.6). However, in the population that included all infants with normal and elevated total or specific IgE (intention-to-treat - ITT), there was no difference between the numbers of infants developing asthma while receiving cetirizine or placebo. The adverse events profile was similar in the two treatment groups. Discussion. Raised total IgE level and raised specific IgE levels to grass pollen, house dust mite or cat dander were predictive of subsequent asthma. Cetirizine halved the number of patients developing asthma in the subgroups sensitised to grass pollen or house dust mite (i.e. 20% of the study population). In view of the proven safety of the drug, we propose this treatment as a primary pharmacological intervention strategy to prevent the development of asthma in specifically sensitised infants with atopic dermatitis.     

Resurgence of measles in Singapore: profile of hospital cases

OBJECTIVE: To ascertain the profile of cases of measles seen at a general hospital during a recent outbreak that occurred despite a measles vaccination program. METHODOLOGY: A retrospective study from January 1991 to March 1998. All patients with measles (ICD code 055. 9) seen at the emergency unit or as inpatients were included. RESULTS: There were 87 cases identified. The diagnosis was clinical in all and proven serologically in 71%. Eighty-five per cent of the cases occurred between January 1997 and March 1998. There was a bi-modal age distribution with peaks in the very young (相似文献   

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孤独症谱系障碍(autistic-spectrum disorders,ASDs)近年来患病率逐年攀升至1%左右,其症状往往伴随终生,成为严重威胁儿童健康和发展的神经发育性疾患;注意缺陷多动障碍(attention deficit hyperactivity disorder,ADHD)是儿童期最常见的精神障碍,国内报道患病率为4.13%～5.83%,其症状可延续至青少年期,甚至到成年期[1]。这两类精神障碍在成年期的临床表现、共患病、治疗策略和预后与儿童期有哪些不同呢?本文通过回顾相     

EXCITING NEW TREATMENT APPROACHES FOR PATHYPHYSIOLOGIC MECHANISMS OF SICKLE CELL DISEASE

During the past several decades, our understanding of the complex pathophysiology of vasoocclusion associated with sickle cell disease has improved greatly. Interaction of genes, hemoglobin molecules, red cell membrane and metabolic changes, cell-cell interactions and cell-plasma interactions, red cell adhesion to vascular endothelium, activation of coagulation, and vascular reactivity play a role in vaso occlusion. Penicillin prophylaxis of pneumococcal infections and appropriate use of blood transfusions and other supportive measures improved survival of sickle cell patients. Hydroxyurea made a major impact on sickle cell therapy when it was shown to decrease acute painful episodes, acute chest syndrome, and the need for blood transfusion in adults. Significant experience in the use of hydroxyurea has been accumulated in older children. The benefits and risks of hydroxyurea for younger children and long-term risks in all patients will be evaluated in future investigations. Other promising therapies include butyrate compounds, clotrimazole, magnesium supplementation, poloxamer 188, antiadhesion agents, anticoagulant approaches, and nitric oxide. Hemopoietic transplantation remains the only curative therapy. However, several transgenic mouse models are available for studies of gene therapy or other treatment approaches on biochemical, cellular, and pathologic effects of mutant genes.     

Infiltrations of Epstein-Barr virus-carrying cells in granular lymphocyte-proliferative disorders corresponding to chronic active Epstein-Barr virus infection

A 21-year-old man with granular lymphocyte-proliferative disorders (GLPD) associated with chronic active Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection is described. Chromosomal analyses revealed several clonal abnormalities and two of them were mainly repetitious. High copy numbers of monoclonal EBV genome were also detected in the proliferative large granular lymphocytes (LGLs), indicating the monoclonal expansion of EBV-infected LGLs. The patient had an indolent course for several years, and there was no evidence of infiltrations of his bone marrow until the end stage. At autopsy, microscopic studies revealed marked infiltrations of LGL in the liver and spleen, and the infiltrating cells were NK-cell immunophenotype. The infiltrated LGLs showed latency I.     

LUTEINIZING HORMONE RECEPTOR MUTATIONS IN DISORDERS OF SEXUAL DEVELOPMENT AND CANCER

Human male sexual development is regulated by chorionic gonadotropin (CG) and luteinizing hormone (LH). Aberrant sexual development caused by both activating and inactivating mutations of the human luteinizing hormone receptor (LHR) have been described. All known activating mutations of the LHR are missense mutations caused by single base substitution. The most common activating mutation is the replacement of Asp-578 by Gly due to the substitution of A by G at nucleotide position 1733. All activating mutations are present in exon 11 which encodes the transmembrane domain of the receptor. Constitutive activity of the LHR causes LH releasing hormone-independent precocious puberty in boys and the autosomal dominant disorder familial male-limited precocious puberty (FMPP). Both germline and somatic activating mutations of the LHR have been found in patients with testicular tumors. Activating mutations have no effect on females. The molecular genetics of the inactivating mutations of the LHR are more variable and include single base substitution, partial gene deletion, and insertion. These mutations are not localized and are present in both the extracellular and transmembrane domain of the receptor. Inactivation of the LHR gives rise to the autosomal recessive disorder Leydig cell hypoplasia (LCH) and male hypogonadism or male pseudohermaphroditism. Severity of the clinical phenotype in LCH patients correlates with the amount of residual activity of the mutated receptor. Females are less affected by inactivating mutation of the LHR. Symptoms caused by homozygous inactivating mutation of the LHR include polycystic ovaries and primary amenorrhea.     

A profile of respiratory symptoms in urban and rural South Australian school children

This report describes the cross-sectional analyses of data from the first year of a longitudinal study using questionnaire and respiratory function data over a 5 year period from a sample of rural South Australian school children. The cumulative or lifetime prevalences of respiratory symptoms were estimated in 825 rural and 1261 urban school children aged between 5 and 15 years in order to determine if the prevalence rates differed between rural and urban school children. The study found the overall cumulative prevalence of asthma and/or wheezy breathing (AWB) to be 24.1% in the rural school children compared to 27.6% in the urban school children. Most children developed AWB symptoms before the age of 7 years, with 20% reporting moderately severe symptoms and 10% having more than one attack per fortnight. The cumulative prevalence of bronchitis, loose/rattly cough (BLRC) differed significantly between the rural school children (34.1%) and urban school children (47.9%). The BLRC symptoms preceded the development of AWB in many cases. Urban school children also reported a higher prevalence of atopic conditions.     

Personality profiles and heart rate variability (vagal tone) in children with recurrent abdominal pain

The aim of the study was to explore psychological factors and autonomic activity in children with recurrent abdominal pain and to compare them with those in a control group of healthy children. The Personality Inventory for Children was used for assessment of developmental, emotional and psychosocial factors in 25 children with recurrent abdominal pain (age, 7-15 y). Parasympathetic and sympathetic functions in these children and in 23 healthy control subjects (age, 7-13 y) were also investigated, non-invasively using a computerized polygraph. Vagal tone (parasympathetic function) was indexed by calculation of respiratory sinus arrhythmia in beats/min. Skin conductance (sympathetic function) was recorded by the constant current method. On the Personality Inventory for Children, 16 patients had high scores on somatic concern. Several patients had scores in the clinical range for depression, withdrawal and anxiety, but the mean scores for these personality profile scales were well within the normal range of healthy children. Interestingly, there was a spike on the L (Lie)-scale for most of the patients and 15 patients had scores above or close to the clinical cut-off value. As compared with the scores in healthy children, vagal tone and sympathetic tone were normal. Conclusion: Many children with recurrent abdominal pain have scores in the clinical range for depression, withdrawal, anxiety and L-scale indicating coping problems, denial and a trend towards somatic concern that may contribute to the evolution of abdominal pain. Autonomic nerve activity was not disturbed in these children.     

Hauttemperaturen verschiedener Körperoberflächenareale des Rumpfes bei Säuglingen

Summary In two groups of infants (3–53 weeks old) skin temperatures were controlled in different areas of the trunk—i.e.: regions of sternum, lungs, heart, liver, spleen, kidneys—at different room-temperatures (group I: 21–25°C; group II: 29–32°C). Rectal temperatures of some probands in both groups also had been controlled simultaneously. A definite change in the reaction to heat was proofed in different periods of the first year of life. In higher environmental temperatures the skin temperature was almost constant at every controll-point of the skin, even in older infants. In lower environmental temperatures the skin temperatures lowered continuously with age till 7. to 9. moth. From 10. to 12. month the lowering of skin temperature discontinued. The rectal temperatures were relatively constant in all infants. Only in infants from 7. to 12. month, whose skin temperatures were controlled in lower as well as in higher environmental temperatures, a tendency to higher rectal temperatures was proofed in warmer environmental temperatures.The significance of these results is discussed.

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Untersuchungen mit Unterstützung durch die Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft.