学龄期肥胖儿童心脏自主神经功能分析

目的对学龄期肥胖儿童的心率减速力(DC)、心率加速力(AC)及心率变异性(HRV)进行分析,并观察肥胖儿童体重指数(BMI)与DC、AC及HRV的相关性。方法选取学龄期肥胖儿童108例,其中血脂正常组75例,血脂异常组33例,另选取103例学龄期健康儿童为对照组。对所有受试者行24 h动态心电图检查,分别将肥胖组与对照组、肥胖儿童中血脂异常组与血脂正常组的DC、AC及HRV进行比较,并将肥胖儿童的BMI与DC、AC及HRV进行相关性分析。结果肥胖组的DC、RR间期总体标准差(SDNN)、RR间期平均值的标准差(SDANN)、相邻RR间期差值的均方根(RMSSD)、低频功率(LF)、高频功率(HF)均低于对照组,AC高于对照组(P0.05)。肥胖儿童中血脂异常组的DC、SDNN、SDANN、RMSSD、LF、HF均低于血脂正常组,AC、BMI高于血脂正常组(P0.01)。肥胖儿童BMI与DC、SDNN、SDANN、RMSSD、HF呈明显负相关(P0.05);与AC呈明显正相关(P0.05)。结论学龄期肥胖儿童的自主神经功能受损,表现为迷走神经张力减低,其中合并血脂异常者以上表现尤为突出。肥胖程度越高,迷走神经张力越低,发生心血管疾病的危险性可能越大。     

维生素D缺乏对学龄前期肥胖儿童心脏自主神经功能的影响

目的 研究维生素D缺乏对学龄前期肥胖儿童心脏自主神经功能的影响。方法 242例学龄前期单纯性肥胖儿童,根据血清25-羟基维生素D（VitD）水平分为VitD缺乏组（76例）、VitD不足组（83例）及VitD充足组（83例）,将3组间心率减速力（DC）、心率加速力（AC）及心率变异性（HRV）进行比较;并分别将VitD不足组和缺乏组的VitD水平与DC、AC、HRV进行相关性分析。结果 DC、相邻RR间期差值的均方根（RMSSD）、低频功率（LF）以VitD缺乏组最低（P < 0.05）,AC值以VitD缺乏组最高（P < 0.05）,其中VitD不足组的DC、RMSSD和LF低于充足组,AC值高于充足组（P < 0.05）;VitD缺乏组的RR间期总体标准差（SDNN）、高频功率（HF）低于VitD充足组（P < 0.05）。VitD缺乏组的VitD水平与DC、SDNN、SDANN、RMSSD、LF、HF呈正相关（P < 0.05）,与AC呈负相关（P < 0.05）;VitD不足组的VitD水平与AC呈负相关（r=-0.257,P < 0.05）。结论 VitD不足和缺乏的学龄前期肥胖儿童均存在心脏自主神经功能障碍,且VitD浓度越低,心脏迷走神经张力越弱。     

甲状腺功能亢进症儿童的甲状腺激素与心率减速力及心率变异性的相关性

目的 对甲状腺功能亢进症（简称“甲亢”）儿童的心率减速力（DC）、心率加速力（AC）、心率变异性（HRV）进行分析,并探讨甲亢儿童的血清甲状腺激素水平与DC、AC及HRV的关系。方法 选取甲亢儿童47例,另选取50例健康儿童为对照组,对所有受试者行24 h动态心电图检查,将甲亢组与对照组的DC、AC、心率（HR）及HRV各指标[RR间期总体标准差（SDNN）、RR间期平均值的标准差（SDANN）、相邻RR间期差值的均方根（RMSSD）、低频功率（LF）、高频功率（HF）]进行比较,并将甲亢儿童的甲状腺激素指标[游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸（FT3）、游离甲状腺素（FT4）]与DC、AC及HRV各指标进行相关性分析。结果 甲亢组的DC、SDNN、SDANN、RMSSD、LF、HF均低于对照组;AC和HR均高于对照组（P < 0.05）。甲亢儿童的血清FT3、FT4与DC、SDNN、SDANN、RMSSD、LF、HF均呈负相关（P < 0.05）;与AC和HR呈正相关（P < 0.05）。结论 甲亢儿童的心脏自主神经功能受损,表现为迷走神经张力降低。血清甲状腺激素水平越高,迷走神经张力越低,提示发生心血管疾病的危险性越大。     

特发性性早熟女童心脏自主神经功能分析

目的研究特发性性早熟(ICPP)女童的心脏自主神经功能状态。方法选取ICPP女童66例,其中合并肥胖36例,非肥胖30例;另选年龄相匹配的健康女童68例(正常对照)及单纯肥胖女童51例为对照。对所有受试者行24 h动态心电图检查,比较组间的心率减速力(DC)、心率加速力(AC)、心率变异性(HRV)及体重指数(BMI)。结果 ICPP组的DC、RR间期总体标准差(SDNN)、RR间期平均值的标准差(SDANN)、相邻RR间期差值的均方根(RMSSD)和高频功率(HF)均低于正常对照组,AC和BMI高于正常对照组;ICPP组的RMSSD、BMI均低于单纯肥胖组(P0.05)。ICPP女童中合并肥胖组的DC、RMSSD及HF均低于非肥胖组,AC和BMI高于非肥胖组(P0.05)。结论 ICPP女童的心脏自主神经功能紊乱,其中合并肥胖者尤为突出,以迷走神经张力降低为主。     

婴幼儿血管瘤患者口服小剂量普萘洛尔前后动态心电图的比较

目的探讨口服小剂量普萘洛尔在治疗婴幼儿血管瘤过程中对患儿心率变异性(HRV)、心率加速力(AC)、心率减速力(DC)以及心脏传导功能等方面的影响。方法对118例1岁以内血管瘤患儿口服小剂量普萘洛尔[1 mg/(kg·d)]治疗前及治疗1个月后行24 h动态心电图检查,观察治疗后HRV时域指标[RR间期总体标准差(SDNN)、RR间期平均值的标准差(SDANN)、相邻RR间期差值的均方根(RMSSD)、NN50占所有NN间期个数的百分数(PNN50)]与频域指标[低频功率(LF)、高频功率(HF)]、AC、DC的变化,同时观察治疗后有无心脏传导功能及其他方面的异常。结果普萘洛尔治疗后SDNN、RMSSD、LF、HF、PNN50均大于治疗前(P0.01);治疗后AC、平均心率(HR)、最慢心率均小于治疗前(P0.01)。治疗后24 h动态心电图结果异常比例高于治疗前,但差异无统计学意义。结论普萘洛尔治疗婴幼儿血管瘤可抑制交感神经活性,使心脏传导功能受阻,但不会造成严重不良后果。     

不明原因心前区不适患儿心率减速力及心率变异性分析北大核心CSCD

目的：探讨心率减速力（DC）、心率加速力（AC）及心率变异性（HRV）在不明原因心前区不适患儿中的变化。方法56例不明原因心前区不适患儿（患儿组）和63例健康儿童（对照组）,年龄6-17岁,行24h动态心电图检查,并对其DC及HRV各项指标进行对比及相关性分析。结果患儿组的DC值小于对照组,AC值大于对照组,心率（HR）大于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P均〈0.05）;患儿与对照组间HRV指标的差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。患儿组中,DC与HRV多项指标呈显著正相关（r=0.27-0.40,P均〈0.05）,与HR呈显著负相关（r=–0.46,P=0.000）;而AC与HRV多项指标呈显著负相关（r=–0.57-–0.34,P均〈0.05）,与HR呈显著正相关（r=0.61,P=0.000）。〈12岁男性患儿HR大于同龄男性对照儿童、相邻RR间期差值的均方根（RMSSD）小于后者;≥12岁男性患儿DC小于、AC大于同龄男性对照儿童;≥12岁女性患儿DC小于同龄女性对照儿童,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论不明原因心前区不适患儿的迷走神经张力降低,DC明显低于正常组,且与HRV多项指标有密切相关性。患儿组DC、HRV性别差异不明显。≥12岁患儿组DC明显低于同龄对照组,提示青春期儿童易发生自主神经功能紊乱。     

超重、肥胖儿童与代谢综合征患儿心率减速力的研究

目的探讨超重、肥胖儿童及代谢综合征(MS)患儿的心率减速力(DC)、心率加速力(AC)及心率变异性(HRV)差异;体质指数(BMI)与DC、AC、HRV各指标间的相关性。方法选择≥10岁的超重、肥胖儿童103例,其中诊断为MS患儿48例;测定DC、AC、HRV各指标。结果 MS组DC值为(5.97±1.77)ms,低于非MS组的(7.93±1.56)ms;AC值为(-6.78±1.56)ms,高于非MS组的(-8.17±1.61)ms;HF值为335.2 ms~2(157.03~659.33 ms~2),低于非MS组的497.5 ms~2(345.6~767.1 ms~2);BMI为(29.64±2.83)kg/m~2,高于非MS组的(26.79±1.83)kg/m~2,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。超重、肥胖儿童BMI与DC呈显著负相关(r=-0.241,P=0.014),与AC呈正相关(r=0.199,P=0.044)。结论 MS患儿的自主神经功能受损,表现为迷走神经张力降低。肥胖程度越高,迷走神经张力越低,机体对心脏的保护力就越差,越易引起心血管疾病的发生。     

学龄期肥胖儿童胰岛素抵抗与心率变异性及心率减速力的相关性

目的探讨学龄期肥胖儿童胰岛素抵抗(IR)与心率变异性(HRV)、心率减速力(DC)及心率加速力(AC)之间的关系。方法选取学龄期6～10岁肥胖儿童83例,根据空腹血糖及空腹胰岛素值计算胰岛素抵抗指数(IRI),再根据IRI值将实验对象分为IR组45例和非IR组38例。在检测空腹血糖及空腹胰岛素同日行24小时动态心电图检查,计算出DC、AC、HRV各指标。比较IR组与非IR组DC、AC、HRV各指标,并进行相关性分析。结果 IR组DC、正常RR间期标准差(SDNN)、5分钟均值标准差(SDANN)、高频功率(HF)均低于非IR组,AC高于非IR组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。肥胖儿童的IRI与DC、SDNN、SDANN、相邻RR间期差值的均方根(RMSSD)、低频功率(LF)、HF均呈显著负相关(r=-0.475～-0.249,P0.05),与AC呈显著正相关(r=0.488,P0.01)。结论 IR较非IR肥胖儿童的自主神经功能损伤严重,主要表现为迷走神经张力降低,且IRI越高,迷走神经张力越低。     

学龄前儿童病毒性心肌炎心率变异性与心率减速力分析

目的探讨病毒性心肌炎患儿心率变异性(HRV)与心率减速力(DC)各项指标变化的临床意义。方法对56例病毒性心肌炎患儿与58例正常对照儿童进行24 h动态心电图检查,应用美国DMS公司的动态心电分析系统软件,对HRV及DC各项参数进行分析对比;并分析DC与其他各项指标之间的相关性。结果与正常对照儿童比较,病毒性心肌炎患儿时域分析的各项参数包括正常窦性RR间期的标准差(SDNN)、每5 min时段内平均正常窦性RR间期的标准差(SDANN)、全程RR间期差的均方根(RMSSD)及频域分析的低频功率(LF)的差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),而高频功率(HF)显著减低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),且DC显著减低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。相关性分析中,DC与SDNN、LF、HF均成正相关,其中与HF的相关性最强(r=0.51,P<0.01)。结论病毒性心肌炎患儿存在迷走神经功能受损,心率变异性中的HF与DC反映迷走神经功能的指标均显著降低,且两者具有很大相关性。     

Analysts on heart rate variability and deceleration capacity of heart rate in preschoolers with viral myocarditis

目的 探讨病毒性心肌炎患儿心率变异性(HRV)与心率减速力(DC)各项指标变化的临床意义.方法 对56例病毒性心肌炎患儿与58例正常对照儿童进行24h动态心电图检查,应用美国DMS公司的动态心电分析系统软件,对HRV及DC各项参数进行分析对比;并分析DC与其他各项指标之间的相关性.结果 与正常对照儿童比较,病毒性心肌炎患儿时域分析的各项参数包括正常窦性RR间期的标准差(SDNN)、每5 min时段内平均正常窦性RR间期的标准差(SDANN)、全程RR间期差的均方根(RMSSD)及频域分析的低频功率(LF)的差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05),而高频功率(HF)显著减低,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),且DC显著减低,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).相关性分析中,DC与SDNN、LF、HF均成正相关,其中与HF的相关性最强(r=0.51,P＜0.01).结论病毒性心肌炎患儿存在迷走神经功能受损,心率变异性中的HF与DC反映迷走神经功能的指标均显著降低,且两者具有很大相关性.     

Nutritional status of preschool children in a backward community

The nutritional status of harijan and tribal preschool children upto 2 years of age in Manikpur block, Banda District, Uttar Pradesh was monitored at an interval of one year. Rates of improvement, recovery and deterioration were computed. Of children with grade-I malnutrition 16·4% became normal while 37·3% with grade II malnutrition entered either grade I or became normal. Maxumum improvement (i.e. 50%) was observed in grade III children. Thus, in all 30% of the children showed an improvement in their nutritional status, i.e. recovery rate took place in 10·6% only. In all, 31·5% of subjects worsened or died (3·0%). Of the children who were normal at the beginning 51·2% deteriorated. The % of children who deteriorated in grade I, II and III cohorts respectively were 30·2%, 28·8% and 10·7%. Thus the rates of deterioration were higher than the rates of recovery in different cohorts studied.     

早产儿心率变异性的临床研究

目的评价早产儿心脏自主神经功能发育情况.方法根据胎龄将90例早产儿分为A、B、C三组(胎龄分别为27～31周、～34周、～37周),以CompasXMHolter系统检测90例早产儿及21例足月儿的心率变异性时域指标.结果A、B、C三组24h窦性RR间期标准差的均值(SDNN)、每5min窦性RR间期标准差的均值(SDN-NIDX)、50ms间隔以上邻近周期的比例(PNN50)与对照组比较差异有显著性意义(P＜0.05).A组SDNNIDX与B、C组比较,差异有显著性意义(P＜0.05).SDNN与胎龄正相关(r=0.55,P＜0.01),PNN50与日龄正相关(r=0-23,P＜0.05).结论早产儿自主神经功能随胎龄增大逐渐成熟.胎龄大于34周早产儿交感神经功能接近足月儿.大于34周龄早产儿交感神经功能较稳定,副交感神经功能随日龄增加而增强.     

Early neonatal mortality in an intramural birth cohort at a tertiary care hospital

Early neonatal mortality (ENM) occurring among 12,283 consecutive live birthsover a period of 3 years were analysed. The early neonatal mortality rate (ENMR) was 26.6/1000 live births. Birth weight less than 2,000 gm, lack of antenatal care, male sex, operative vaginal delivery, prematurity and multiple pregnancy were significantly associated with early neonatal deaths. Birth asphyxia was found to be the most important cause of death, followed by hyaline membrane disease and congenital malformations. Majority of the asphyxia related deaths were due to late intrapartum referral of the mothers. Forty-two per cent of early neonatal deaths occurred in babies weighing less than 1,500 gm. Early identification and referral of high risk mothers and health education would significantly reduce the early neonatal deaths.     

苦参碱对人横纹肌肉瘤RD细胞增殖及凋亡的影响

目的探讨苦参碱(Ma)对人横纹肌肉瘤(RMS)细胞RD增殖及凋亡的影响。方法取对数生长期的细胞,分为对照组(无Ma);Ma组:Ma终浓度分别为0.5、1.0、1.5、2.0 mg/mL;U0126(MAPK抑制剂)组:U0126为10μmol/L;Ma联合U0126共同作用组:U0126均为10μmol/L,Ma浓度同Ma组;每组设5个复孔。给予相应药物作用后,采用倒置显微镜观察细胞形态学变化;四甲基氮唑蓝(MTT)比色法检测RD细胞的增殖抑制率;流式细胞仪(FCM)检测凋亡率。结果药物作用后显微镜下可见细胞数目减少,细胞变小、变圆,随着Ma作用浓度的增加,RD细胞凋亡细胞逐步增多;Ma与U0126联合作用后,凋亡细胞明显增多,MTT比色法检测其抑制率按分组顺序分别为(13.39±1.13)%、(23.49±0.39)%、(38.84±0.35)%、(48.05±0.82)%、(63.47±1.35)%、(13.91±0.63)%、(24.52±0.46)%、(39.82±0.58)%、(48.98±0.31)%和(65.09±0.85)%;流式细胞仪检测其凋亡率按分组顺序分别为(5.49±0.96)%、(14.23±0.70)%、(25.84±4.17)%、(36.08±3.68)%、(42.53±2.71)%、(6.72±1.52)%、(17.23±3.42)%、(27.83±1.29)%、(38.25±1.44)%和(47.79±1.35)%;除U0126组外,其余各组与对照组比较差异均有显著性(P<0.05)。结论苦参碱单独或与U0126共同作用RD细胞,可抑制该细胞的增殖,促进其凋亡,在本实验范围内浓度越高这种抑制增殖、诱导凋亡的作用越明显。     

Review of the discard and/or refusal rate of offered donor hearts to pediatric waitlisted candidates

We aimed to review current literature on the discard rate of donor hearts offered to pediatric recipients and assess geographical differences. Consequences and ways to reduce the discard rate are discussed. A systemic review on published literature on pediatric transplantation published in English since 2010 was undertaken. Additionally, a survey was sent to international OPOs with the goal of incorporating responses from around the world providing a more global picture. Based on the literature review and survey, there is a remarkably wide range of discard and/or refusal for pediatric hearts offered for transplant, ranging between 18% and 57% with great geographic variation. The data suggest that that the overall refusal rate may have decreased over the last decade. Reasons for organ discard were difficult to identify from the available data. Although the refusal rate of pediatric donor hearts seems to be lower compared to that reported in adults, it is still as high as 57% with geographic variation.     

血管迷走性晕厥患儿无症状期自主神经功能分析

目的分析无症状期心率减速力(DC)对血管迷走性晕厥(VVS)的诊断价值。方法选取2018年1月至2019年12月确诊为VVS的45例患儿作为VVS组,同期在门诊体检的45例健康儿童作为对照组,完善24小时动态心电图检查,比较VVS患儿和健康儿童的基础DC值、连续心率减速力(DRs)及心率变异性(HRV)各指标的变化情况,并按年龄段及性别进行分组比较;同时分析DC与HRV各指标间的相关性及DC对VVS诊断的预测价值。结果 VVS组的DC值、DR8及低频功率与高频功率之比(LF/HF)均明显高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。在VVS组中,学龄期患儿的DC值、DR4及低频功率(LF)均明显低于青春期患儿,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05),而男女患儿的DC值、DRs、HRV各指标差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。对照组年龄段及性别组间DC值、DRs、HRV各指标差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。学龄期VVS组的DC值明显高于对照组,青春期VVS组的DC值、DR4、DR8及LF均明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。DC与HRV多项指标呈显著正相关(r=0.31～0.67,P均0.05),与LF/HF呈显著负相关(r=-0.36,P0.05)。行二分类logistic回归分析发现,青春期患儿仅DC与VVS相关(P0.05)。采用受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)分析发现,学龄期DC值以7.72 ms、青春期DC值以8.36 ms为界值时有较好的灵敏度及特异度。结论 VVS患儿无症状期自主神经功能存在异常,随年龄增长,自主神经功能异常更加显著。学龄期及青春期VVS患儿均有迷走神经张力升高,且青春期VVS患儿还有一定程度交感神经张力升高;DC与迷走神经张力间呈明显正相关,对VVS诊断有较好预测价值。     

Responses in children to measles vaccination associated with perirenal transplantation

Background:  Measles infection can be fatal in pediatric patients with chronic renal failure or in patients who have undergone renal transplantation, both of whom are in the immunosuppressed state. The efficacy of single, live measles vaccination in preventing infection was examined.
Methods:  Of 156 children with renal failure who underwent renal transplantation, the changes in antibody titer were investigated before and after renal transplantation in 125 children whose measles antibody titer could be examined, together with disease and vaccination histories. Live measles vaccine was administered to 42 children with negative antibody titer. The antibody seroconversion rate was then investigated in these children, along with rate of antibody maintenance and degree of antibody titer elevation.
Results:  Seroconversion rate was 97.6%. Antibody titers measured on HI and EIA were 72 ± 118 fold (HI) and 36.9 ± 31.3 (EIA), respectively. The geometric mean of the increase in antibody titer 6 months after vaccination was 15. No side-effects of vaccination were observed in any of the children.
Conclusions:  Live measles vaccination of children with chronic renal failure is effective and safe, because the seroconversion rate, rate of antibody titer maintenance and degree of antibody titer elevation in children with chronic renal failure were all equivalent to those of healthy children.