甲状腺功能减退伴糖尿病酮症酸中毒1例

患儿 ,女 ,8岁 ,因阵发性中上腹疼痛 4ｄ ,气促、面色紫绀0 .5ｄ ,呕吐 1次入院。 1年前发现生长发育迟缓 ,身材短小 ,表情呆滞 ,体型雍肿 ,身高 1 0 0ｃｍ ,体重 2 0ｋｇ ,腹围 57ｃｍ ,全身皮肤液性水肿 ,以颈背及手足背为主 ,腹壁皮肤粗糙、干燥 ,双眼距宽 ,鼻梁塌陷 ,甲状腺不大 ,心律不齐 ,心音略低钝 ,外心脏Ｂ超示心包少量积液 ;心电图示窦性心律不齐 ,Ｔ波改变 ,低电压趋势 ;胸片示心影增大 ,心胸比率大于 0 .6 ;骨龄延迟大于 2ｓ ;甲状腺扫描正常 ;智测 52分 ;Ｔ3(ＲＩＡ法 )0 .3ｎｇ/ｍｌ(0 .9～ 1 .9ｎｇ/ｍｌ) ,Ｔ4 7.7ｎｇ/ｍ…     

初发1型糖尿病患儿酮症酸中毒的调查

目的调查初发1型糖尿病患儿酮症酸中毒(DKA)的发生情况。方法以224例初发1型糖尿病患儿为研究对象,进行回顾性分析,分为DKA组和未合并DKA组,各112例。DKA组患儿根据年龄分为≥5岁组(65例)和5岁组(47例),并根据酸中毒情况分为轻度(26例)、中度(29例)、重度(57例)3组。分析DKA发生的影响因素以及不同年龄DKA患儿的临床及实验室特点。结果 224例初发1型糖尿病患儿中最常见的症状为多饮(86.2%)、多尿(78.6%)及体重下降(57.1%)。与未合并DKA患儿比较,DKA组5岁、低收入、父母教育程度高中及以下所占的比例均较高,随机血糖、Hb A1C水平较高,pH、HCO_3~-及C肽水平更低,差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05)。≥5岁组与5岁组的轻、中、重度DKA所占比例的差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。与5岁组相比,≥5岁组DKA患儿的症状持续时间较长,随机血糖较低,HbA1C、C肽水平较高,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 1型糖尿病患儿DKA发生率高,DKA的发生与年龄、父母文化程度及家庭收入有关。     

胰岛素泵治疗儿童1型糖尿病酮症酸中毒32例临床分析

目的 观察胰岛素泵持续皮下注射胰岛素对儿童1型糖尿病酮症酸中毒(DKA)的疗效.方法 将2005-2008年收治的1型DKA患儿64例分为治疗组32例和对照组32例.治疗组予胰岛素泵治疗,对照组予小剂量胰岛素持续静脉滴注治疗.比较两组患儿血精变化、DKA纠正时间及住院时间.结果 治疗组血糖下降相对稳定,酸中毒纠正时间治疗组[(16.91±4.223)h]短于对照组[(23.31±3.797)h](P<0.001),且无反复.治疗过程中治疗组未出现低血糖,对照组出现1例.住院时间治疗组[(15.63±2.458)d]短于对照组[(20.88±3.348)d](P<0.001).结论 胰岛素泵持续皮下注射胰岛索治疗儿童1型糖尿病酮症酸中毒安全有效.     

儿童1型糖尿病酮症酸中毒合并低磷血症临床研究

目的 总结儿童1型糖尿病酮症酸中毒（DKA）合并低磷血症的临床特点,探讨DKA治疗期间低磷血症的发生率及预后。方法 回顾性分析2016年1月至2020年6月于广州市妇女儿童医疗中心遗传与内分泌科住院治疗的133例合并DKA的1型糖尿病患儿临床资料,分析入院后4～24h血磷水平,并对影响儿童血磷变化的相关因素进行分析。结果 133例DKA患儿中男55例（41%）,女78例（59%）,年龄6月龄至15岁,平均年龄（6.7±3.9）岁,新发1型糖尿病占72%。75例（56%）患儿出现血磷降低,其中41例（31%）患儿血磷0.81～1.29 mmol/L,22例（16%）患儿血磷0.61～0.81mmol/L,10例（7.5%）患儿血磷0.38～0.61mmol/L,2例（1.5%）患儿血磷<0.38mmol/L。正常血磷组与低血磷组之间pH值、碳酸氢根（HCO3-）、碱剩余（BE-B）、血钾、血氯差异均有统计学意义。酸中毒、年龄≤5岁为影响儿童DKA时血磷降低严重程度的危险因素。75例低血磷患儿均未出现低磷血症相关临床症状,未补充磷酸盐治疗。34例血磷<0.81mmol/L的患儿...     

1型糖尿病伴糖尿病酮症酸中毒患儿发生急性肾损伤的临床研究北大核心CSCD

目的评估1型糖尿病伴糖尿病酮症酸中毒(diabetic ketoacidosis,DKA)患儿发生急性肾损伤(acute kidney injury,AKI)的情况,探讨导致DKA患儿发生AKI的可能潜在因素。方法回顾性将2018年1月1日至2020年12月31日在南京医科大学附属儿童医院就诊的45例1型糖尿病伴DKA患儿,按照入院时是否合并AKI分为无AKI组(n=37)和合并AKI组(n=8)。收集两组患儿社会人口学资料,入院时的体检数据,包括身高、体重、血压和心率等,采用化学发光微粒免疫分析法测定患儿入院及出院时血肌酐和尿素氮等指标水平。采用多因素logistic回归模型分析1型糖尿病伴DKA患儿发生AKI的影响因素。结果45例患儿确诊中位年龄为9.2岁,8例(18%)入院时合并AKI的患儿中,6例为1期AKI,2例为3期AKI。血校正钠水平升高与1型糖尿病伴DKA患儿发生AKI密切相关(P<0.05),而入院时较高的胰岛素水平则不易发生AKI(P<0.05)。结论1型糖尿病伴DKA患儿AKI的发生率较高,临床上应积极纠正DKA,尽快控制血糖,并定期对这部分儿童病例进行肾功能复查和随访。[中国当代儿科杂志,2022,24(8):858-862]     

儿童糖尿病酮症酸中毒监护与处理

儿童糖尿病酮酸中毒（ＤＫＡ）是一种发生于胰岛素依赖型糖尿病严重的代谢紊乱。其病死率约１５％。因其危及生命，患有这种病的儿童应转送至儿科监护病房。安全转送需了解此病的发病机制及并发症。     

25-羟维生素D与儿童1型糖尿病及酮症酸中毒的相关性研究

目的探讨血清25-羟维生素D[25-(OH)D]水平与儿童1型糖尿病(T1DM)及酮症酸中毒(DKA)的相关性。方法选取2006年1月—2009年12月期间152例住院患儿,其中52例为首次发病的T1DM患儿,包括酮症酸中毒(DKA组)21例,以及非酮症酸中毒(非DKA组)31例,其余100例为非T1DM组。检测并比较三组患儿的血清25-(OH)D水平,分析血清25-(OH)D水平与儿童T1DM及DKA的相关性。结果 DKA组患儿的血清25-(OH)D平均为(53.6±27.8)nmol/L,显著低于非DKA组的(69.7±27.9)nmol/L和非T1DM组的(81.8±28.3)nmol/L(P<0.05);非DKA组患儿的血清25-(OH)D水平显著低于非T1DM组(P<0.05)。结论 T1DM患儿的血清25-(OH)D水平低,尤以DKA患儿最为明显,维生素D在儿童T1DM发病中的潜在保护效应值得关注。     

儿童糖尿病酮症酸中毒诊治新进展

糖尿病酮症酸中毒(DKA)是儿科临床上最常见的内分泌急症之一,如延误诊断或处理不当可能危及患儿生命.现参照国际儿童及青少年糖尿病协会颁布的2006统一指南,对儿童DKA的诊断及治疗进展作一综述.     

1型糖尿病酮症酸中毒的诱发因素分析

1型糖尿病 (ＩＤＤＭ)是胰岛素依赖型糖尿病 ,我院 1990～ 1999年收治 1型糖尿病 2 5例 ,其中 18例有酮症酸中毒 ,现总结如下。临床资料一、一般资料　 2 5例中男 8例 ,女 17例 ,年龄 3～ 13ａ ,发生酮症酸中毒 18例 ,以酮症酸中毒为首发症状 15例。其中有明显感染史 16例 (肺炎 6例 ,肺结核 2例 ,上呼吸道感染8例 )。重症肺炎并上消化道出血 1例 ,死亡 1例 ,4例有家族史。均符合 1997年国际糖尿病专家组制定的 1型糖尿病诊断标准。所有病例均检查血糖、尿糖、血气分析、ＣＯ2 ＣＰ、血电解质、尿酮体检查 ,酮症酸中毒组也符合该病诊断标准…     

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??Abstract?? Objective To investigate the occurrance of DKA in established T1DM children. Methods According to the registration system in the following-hospitals??Beijing Children’s Hospital of Capital Medical University?? Children’s Hospital of Shanghai?? Nanjing Children’s Hospital??Children’s Hospital of Zhengzhou?? Children’s Hospital of Jiangxi?? the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University??First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University?? Children’s Hospital of Wuhan?? SooChow University Affiliated Children’s Hospital?? Children’s Hospital of Liaocheng?? Children’s Hospital of Fuzhou?? Chengdu Women & Children’s Central Hospital???? we investigated the frequency and cause of DKA in children with established T1DM from December 1995 to June 2014. After the diagnosis of T1DM?? the first time DKA was for group 1A?? the second DKA for group 1B. We conducted a cross-sectional survey of blood glucose control status for patients with T1DM from December 2011 to May 2012 in Beijing Children’s Hospital. Patients who did not have DKA episode in the course of T1DM were selected as control group ??group 2??. Results Totally 1676 children were newly diagnosed with T1DM by 12 hospitals?? and 89 patients occurred 100 DKA after T1DM diagnosed. The incidence and frequency of DKA was 5.3% ??89/1676?? and 5.9% ??100/1676??. The frequency was different in 12 hospitals?? fluctuating between 1.1% and 24.1%. Compared with group 2?? group 1A had high level of HbA1c ???11.31±3.03??% vs. ??8.26±1.53??%?? P??0.01?? and insulin dosage ???0.85±0.42?? IU vs. ??0.71±0.31?? IU?? P??0.01??. There were more patients with insulin bump in group 1A than group2 ??25.0% vs. 11.2%?? P??0.01???? and few patients reached the standard of blood glucose monitoring ??12.1% vs.40.1%?? P??0.01?? and follow-up ??21.2% vs. 46.6%?? P??0.01??. The main reasons of DKA in group 1A were infection ??33.7%???? interrupting insulin therapy ??21.3%?? and eating disorder ??20.2%???? one patient had DKA after islet stem cell transplantation. Infection was also the major cause of DKA in group 1B ??4/10???? and 1 patient had DKA because of insulin bump failure. For DKA which occurred within different course?? the distribution of causes was different ??P??0.01??. Within 1 year of T1DM duration?? the major reason was interrupting insulin injection ??39.3%??. For patients more than 1 year?? it only accounted for 13.1%??8/61???? the major causes were infection ??22/61?? and eating disorder ??16/61??. The major cause in mutiple hospitals with high DKA frequency was infection ??50.0%???? while in other hospitals 28.1% of patients had DKA because of infection ??P??0.01??. Conclusion The frequency of DKA is 5.3%?? which is different in 12 hospitals?? with the highest up to 24.1%. Patients with DKA have poor glycemic control?? and they can not regularly monitor blood glucose and follow-up. We should emphasize the education of diabetes. Patients with insulin pump and islet stem cell transplantation must also become a new focus of education. Hospitals with high DKA frequency should give patients information how to deal with other diseases.     

1型糖尿病患儿反复发生酮症酸中毒的原因

目的　分析 1型糖尿病患儿反复发生酮症酸中毒 (DKA)的原因。方法　回顾总结 2 0年来在我院诊治的 1型糖尿病患儿 85 0例次 ,其中因DKA住院 2 2 5例次 ,2次或 2次以上者 5 6例 ,131例次 ,将其分为前 10年和后 10年两组进行分析。结果　两组DKA患儿占总糖尿病人数比率及反复发生DKA人数相比有显著差异 ,后 10年显著少于前 10年 (P <0 .0 1)。在诱因方面感染占第 1位 ,平均 71.8% ;不控制饮食而暴饮暴食 19% ;因停用胰岛素 9.2 % ,两组相比无显著差异 (P >0 .0 5 )。结论　对糖尿病病人进行系统的管理和教育是降低DKA发生率的重要手段     

Increased incidence and severity of diabetic ketoacidosis among uninsured children with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes mellitus

OBJECTIVES: (a) To determine the incidence and severity of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and (b) to stratify according to insurance status at the initial diagnosis of type 1 diabetes (T1DM). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Subjects included children <18 yr who presented with new-onset T1DM from January 2002 to December 2003 and were subsequently followed at the Barbara Davis Center. Insurance status and initial venous pH were obtained. RESULTS: Overall, 383 subjects presented with new-onset T1DM and 359 (93.7%) were enrolled. Forty-three (12.0%) of these children were uninsured and 40 (11.1%) had Medicaid. One hundred and two (28.4%) subjects presented with DKA. When compared to the insured subjects, uninsured subjects had a significantly increased risk of presenting with DKA [odds ratios (OR): 6.19, 95% CI 3.04-12.60, p < 0.0001], as well as presenting with severe DKA, defined as venous pH <7.10 (OR: 6.09, 95% CI 3.21-11.56, p < 0.0001). There were no differences, however, between the insured and Medicaid subjects in their probability of presenting with DKA or severe DKA. The risk of presenting with DKA (as well as with severe DKA) was the highest among patients <4 yr old. CONCLUSIONS: At the time of initial diagnosis, uninsured patients were more likely to present with DKA than insured patients. Furthermore, when the uninsured subjects presented with DKA, the condition tended to be more severe and life-threatening. A potential explanation is that uninsured subjects may delay seeking timely medical care, thereby presenting more critically ill, whereas insured subjects may have their T1DM diagnosed earlier.