含BMP的骨填充材料在骨肿瘤与瘤样病变手术中的应用

目的 探讨含骨形态发生蛋白(BMP)的骨填充材料在骨肿瘤及瘤样病变手术中的临床应用价值。方法本组骨肿瘤及瘤样病变患者34例，男20例，女14例。骨填充材料(金骨威、金世植骨灵)应用方法：病灶刮除术骨缺损填充：灭活术后骨缺损填充；病灶切除后在骨干一假体结合部或骨干一同种异体1／4关节结合部植入骨填充材料。肿瘤及瘤样病变类型包括骨纤维结构不良、骨巨细胞瘤、骨肉瘤、骨囊肿、动脉瘤样骨囊肿、内生软骨瘤、软骨粘液样纤维瘤、非骨化性纤维瘤、骨母细胞瘤。观察患者术后全身及局部反应和影像学变化。结果平均随访时间13．5个月。全部患者均无全身不良反应，除1例创口二期愈合外，余病例未见明显局部反应。X线片显示术后3～6个月即有填充材料降解和骨替代现象发生。结论在骨肿瘤与瘤样病变手术中应用含BMP的骨填充材料代替自体或异体骨移植，不增加创伤，并发症少，术后基本无不良反应，且骨缺损修复效果满意，是理想的骨缺损填充材料。     

陶瓷人工骨修复32例成人良性骨肿瘤和瘤样病变刮除后骨缺损

目的评估陶瓷人工骨填充成人良性骨肿瘤和瘤样病变刮除后骨缺损的疗效及潜在并发症。方法回顾性分析2013年1月至2017年6月在本院行病灶刮除植骨的良性骨肿瘤和瘤样病变患者资料。共纳入32例,男17例,女15例,平均年龄34.2(18～57)岁。平均病变体积25.0(0.1～169.6)cm3。平均植入人工骨4.0 g(0.2～10 g)根据X线片表现以改良Neer法评估骨愈合、材料吸收和病变复发情况。Goslings和Gouma法评估术后并发症。结果平均随访1.8(0.5～6)年,Neer分级6例Ⅰ级,26例Ⅱ级。2年以上随访11例,7例骨皮质增厚,3例材料完全吸收。1例手部内生软骨瘤术后发生骨折,并发症分级为Ⅰ级。随访期间未发现病变复发。所有患者均恢复肢体正常功能。结论该人工骨填充成人良性骨肿瘤和瘤样病变刮除后骨缺损效果可靠,并发症少,但材料吸收较慢。     

软组织和骨的假恶性病变（Ⅱ）：良性肿瘤和瘤样病变

软组织和骨的假恶性病变（Ⅱ）：良性肿瘤和瘤样病变朱雄增张仁元王坚作者单位：上海医科大学肿瘤医院病理科２０００３２某些良性肿瘤和瘤样病变在组织结构上相似于一些恶性肿瘤或因呈浸润性生长方式而误认为是恶性肿瘤；也有一些良性肿瘤和瘤样病变的细胞丰富、出现核分...     

牙源性腺样瘤9例临床病理分析

目的探讨牙源性腺样瘤(adenomatoid odontogenic tumor, AOT)的临床病理学特征、诊断及鉴别诊断。方法回顾性分析9例AOT的临床病理学特征、诊断及鉴别诊断、治疗及预后,并复习相关文献。结果 9例AOT中男性3例,女性6例。平均年龄28岁。发生于上颌骨5例,下颌骨4例。临床主要表现为牙龈肿块伴或不伴有疼痛,肿块呈膨胀性生长,牙齿松动。主要病理特点为有较厚的纤维包膜;牙源性上皮呈结节状、巢状、腺样、条索状、玫瑰花瓣样,被少量纤维结缔组织间质分隔;上皮细胞核呈远离管腔的极像排列;腔内有红染无定形物质;可见层状结构及不同程度钙化区。免疫表型:上皮性成分中广谱CK、EMA、p63和p40均阳性,间质成分vimentin阳性。碱性刚果红、PAS、Alcian蓝染色腔内物质阳性。结论 AOT是一种少见的牙源性良性肿瘤,好发于青年人,女性多于男性,上颌骨多见。临床通常无症状,表现为可触及的肿块。肿瘤由上皮成分和间质成分组成。该瘤复发罕见,因为有较厚的包膜,易手术切除,局部切除可治愈。     

重组合异种骨修复良性骨肿瘤及瘤样病变骨缺损

目的研究重组合异种骨(RBX)修复良性骨肿瘤及瘤样病变刮除术后遗留的骨缺损的临床应用价值。方法应用 RBX 修复64例良性骨肿瘤及瘤样病变刮除术后遗留的83处骨缺损。患者平均年龄26.5 岁,肿瘤类型依次为骨囊肿、骨纤维结构不良、内生软骨瘤、骨样骨瘤、动脉瘤样骨囊肿、非骨化性纤维瘤等,观察患者术后全身及切口局部反应,相关免疫学检测,X 线片检查,平均随访时间14个月。结果全部患者未见明显全身反应,相关免疫学检测无明显异常,随访见所有患者术后3～6个月均有 RBX 降解和骨替代现象发生。结论良性骨肿瘤及瘤样病变刮除后利用 RBX 填充修复骨缺损,无明显不良反应,并发症少,经骨替代后可真正完成骨修复。     

奇异性骨旁骨软骨瘤样增生5例临床病理学分析

目的探讨奇异性骨旁骨软骨瘤样增生(bizarre parosteal osteochondromatous proliferation,BPOP)的临床影像学和病理组织学特征、鉴别诊断、治疗及预后。方法对5例BPOP进行HE染色,并进行相关文献复习。结果 5例BPOP患者发病年龄17~48岁,无性别差异,均感觉肿痛不适就诊,病变位于四肢长、短管状骨。X线示宽基底的边界清晰的高密度肿块,起源骨膜下完整的骨皮质,病变部位与附着骨的骨髓腔亦不相通,其中1例伴附骨的骨皮质轻度破坏。镜下见主要由软骨、骨和纤维组织无规则排列而成,轻度异型的软骨细胞可伴大部分钙化软骨,即多形性骨小梁中的"蓝骨";骨小梁周围被覆无异型的骨母细胞,骨小梁间有大量的血管、纤维组织增生。结论 BPOP是一种罕见的、良性的骨软骨瘤样病变,术后高复发性,无转移,恶变罕见,需结合影像学与病理组织学特点进行诊断,易误诊,需与骨旁骨肉瘤、软骨肉瘤、骨化性肌炎等鉴别。     

足踝部骨与关节肿瘤及瘤样病变103例分析

目的研究足踝部骨与关节肿瘤及瘤样病变的发病规律。方法总结20年来齐鲁医院经病理确诊的足踩郜骨肿瘤及瘤样病变103例，结合文献分析。结果最高发病年龄集中于10～39岁组之间，男性多于女性，其比例为1．45：1。病变多何于跗骨，跖骨，趾骨。良性肿瘤及瘤样病变明显多十恶性肿瘤，其比例为6．38：1。良性肿爝67例，其中骨软骨瘤、软骨瘤最多见（占良件肿瘤的55．22％）；瘤样病变16例中，骨囊肿9例，最多见（占56125％）：恶性肿瘤13例，以滑膜肉瘤和软骨肉瘤最多见（分别有5例及3例）。结论足踩部骨肿瘤与瘤样病变良性多于恶性，病变多位于跗骨与跖骨。对足部恶性肿瘤的诊断应重视。     

青少年沙瘤样骨化纤维瘤临床病理分析

目的 分析青少年沙瘤样骨化纤维瘤(juvenile psammomatoid ossifying fibroma,JPOF)的临床病理特征,探讨JPOF及相关病变的命名、分类、病理诊断和鉴别诊断.方法 收集2例JPOF的临床资料结合免疫组化染色,对JPOF的大体病理学、组织病理学改变和免疫表型进行观察,并进行文献复习.结果 JPOF主要发生于儿童和青少年,好发于鼻窦,常见症状是突眼和复视,影像学特征为局部软组织肿块,部分可侵犯周围组织.组织学上JPOF主要由有胶原带包绕的骨小体和梭形间质细胞构成,可伴黏液变、囊性变和多核巨细胞浸润.梭形间质细胞表达vimentin,不表达EMA和S-100蛋白.结论 JPOF具有特殊的临床特点和病理组织学特征,需与经典型骨化纤维瘤、青少年小梁状骨化纤维瘤、异位砂砾体型脑膜瘤、动脉瘤样骨囊肿、骨肉瘤等相鉴别.     

青少年主动脉瓣病变的临床病理分析

主动脉瓣病变是由于炎症粘连和纤维化、黏液样变性、钙质沉着或先天发育畸形等引起主动脉瓣结构或功能上的异常,导致心脏血流动力学改变,出现一系列临床症候群。我们对70例青少年患者行外科手术切除的主动脉瓣病变进行分析,探讨青少年主动脉瓣病变的临床病理特征。     

骨转移癌临床及病理学研究

目的探讨骨转移癌临床病理学特征以及免疫组织化学染色技术在确定原发肿瘤部位中的意义.方法回顾性研究1998年至2004年间141例骨转移癌的临床表现、放射学改变以及病理形态学表现,并对原发部位不明确的肿瘤,采用细胞角蛋白系列标记物以及前列腺特异性抗原（PSA）、甲状腺球蛋白（TG）、甲状腺转录因子（TTF）1、囊泡病液体蛋白（GCDFP）15单克隆抗体,行免疫组织化学（EnVision法）染色.结果在141例骨转移肿瘤患者中,男：女为1.7：1,发病年龄23～86岁,平均年龄56.5岁,中位年龄57岁.患者主要临床表现为病变部位的疼痛及功能障碍.骨转移瘤发生部位依次为：脊柱58例,骨盆骨46例,长管状骨34例,其他部位3例;其中23例为多发骨病变.放射学特征显示99例（70.2%）的骨转移癌病例可通过X线平片发现病灶,其中85例（85.9%）表现为溶骨性病变.有90例（63.8%）通过临床病史及典型的组织形态学特征可以明确其原发病灶,另有51例来源不能确定,经免疫组织化学染色后,其中的40例可以确定其组织来源.最终有130例（92.2%）骨转移癌可以确定原发部位,原发病变部位依次为：肺37例,女性生殖系统及乳腺25例,肾脏18例,胃肠道17例,肝脏12例,甲状腺11例,前列腺7例,膀胱2例,皮肤1例.结论骨转移癌好发于老年男性患者.中轴骨（脊柱及骨盆）为转移癌好发部位.骨转移癌最常见的原发部位是肺及女性生殖系统（包括乳腺）.免疫组织化学染色对于确定不明来源的骨转移癌的原发部位有帮助.     

原发性心脏瓣膜肿瘤临床病理观察

目的分析心脏瓣膜原发肿瘤病理学特点及其与临床表现的关系。方法收集经外检确诊的心脏瓣膜原发肿瘤11例,HE、Weigert—Van Gieson染色观察,同时部分病例加做免疫组织化学（SP法）。结果心脏瓣膜原发肿瘤较为罕见,仅占心脏原发肿瘤的3％（11／426）,其中良性肿瘤占多数（10／11）,恶性少见（1／11）。肿瘤类型以乳头状弹力纤维瘤（4／11）和海绵状血管瘤最为多见（4／11）,血管球瘤1例,血管肉瘤1例,纤维性错构瘤1例。肿瘤发生部位以房室瓣多见,三尖瓣4例,二尖瓣4例,肺动脉瓣2例,主动脉瓣1例。7例术前心脏超声心动图诊断为瓣膜肿瘤,4例误诊或漏诊。结论临床对于心脏瓣膜原发肿瘤的诊断比较困难,影像学缺乏对心脏瓣膜原发肿瘤的认识。虽然良性肿瘤的手术切除预后较好,但可导致血流动力学改变而致命,应尽早诊断及手术治疗。术中冷冻切片检查对临床决定手术方式及后期治疗有指导意义。     

间叶性软骨肉瘤23例临床病理和免疫表型分析

目的 探讨间叶性软骨肉瘤的临床病理和免疫表型特点.方法 复习23例骨及软组织间叶性软骨肉瘤的临床和病理学资料,对其中14例进行免疫组织化学(EnVision法)染色.结果男性14例,女性9例,年龄范围12～47岁,其中原发于骨的病变13例,原发于软组织5例,早期症状以局部肿块和疼痛为主.镜下组织学特点为含有原始间叶性小细胞和分化良好的软骨成分,二者有移行过渡,可见"骺板样软骨".原始间叶性小细胞免疫组织化学染色阳性表达Sox9(14/14)、CD99(12/14)、波形蛋白(6/14)、CD56(4/14)、CD57(4/14)、神经元特异性烯醇化酶(3/14)、结蛋白(1/14);Ⅱ型胶原、S-100蛋白、上皮细胞膜抗原、PCK、突触素、嗜铬粒素A、CD34、c-erbB2均阴性.结论间叶性软骨肉瘤少见,结合组织病理形态特征及免疫组织化学染色对病理鉴别诊断有较大帮助.

Abstract：

Objective To study the clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical features of mesenchymal chondrosarcoma. Methods The clinical and histologic features of 23 cases of mesenchymal chondrosarcoma were analyzed. Immunohistochemical study was also performed in 14 of the cases. ResultsThe age of patients ranged from 12 to 47 years. Fourteen of them occurred in males. Thirteen cases involved the bony skeleton and 5 cases affected the soft tissue. The patients presented with pain and/or swelling. Histologically, the tumor consisted of a mixture of undifferentiated small round cells and hyaline cartilage. Transition between the two components was demonstrated and growth plate-like cartilage was observed. Immunohistochemical study showed that the small round cells were positive for Sox9 (14/14), CD99(12/14), vimentin (6/14), CD56 (4/14), CD57(4/14), neuron-specific enolase (3/14) and desmin(1/14). They were negative for Coll-Ⅱ, S-100 protein, epithelial membrane antigen, pan-cytokeratin, synaptophysin, chromogranin A, CD34 and c-erbB2. Conclusions Mesenchymal chondrosarcoma is a rare malignant tumor. Thorough histologic examination, when coupled with immunohistochemical findings, is helpful in arriving at a correct diagnosis.     

卵巢浆液性和粘液性交界瘤的临床病理分析

目的：观察卵巢交界瘤的临床病理学特点,探索肿瘤不同组织学改变的意义。方法：对45例卵巢浆液性和粘液性交界瘤进行回顾性分析,肿瘤分期按国际妇产科联合会（FIGO）标准,Ⅰ期34例,Ⅱ期4例,Ⅲ期7例。结果：45例卵巢浆液性和粘液性交界瘤占同期卵巢上皮恶性肿瘤的25．4％,浆液性同粘液性交界瘤的比为1：1．3,11例生长于卵巢表面的浆液性交界瘤中,9例出现腹膜种植,2例为浸润性种植,7例为非浸润性种植。2例浆液性交界瘤和1例粘液性交界瘤分别于术后5、4和1年复发。33例交界瘤经2－9年随访,按Kaplan-Meier法5年生存率为100％。结论：卵巢浆液性交界瘤预后较好,卵巢表面生长的浆液性交界瘤常伴有腹膜种植。     

Radiographic appearance of sesamoid bones in the hands and feet of Malawian subjects.

Our aim was to determine the prevalence of sesamoid bones in adult black Malawians from radiographs of the hands and feet. A total of 255 radiographs from 85 men and 45 women aged 16-66 years were used: 126 of the hands and 129 of the feet. All the hand films revealed one sesamoid bone at the interphalangeal joint and two at the metacarpophalangeal joint of the thumb. All the foot films showed two sesamoid bones at the metatarsophalangeal joint of the big toe. Occasional sesamoid bones were found at the metacarpophalangeal and metatarsophalangeal joints of the index finger and the small toe, respectively. Only 4.8% of the hands had sesamoid bones at the metacarpophalangeal joint of the index finger, compared with reported percentages of between 35% and 64.2% in Caucasians. The present study also records, probably for the first time in Africans, an incidence of 10.8% of sesamoid bones occurring at the metatarsophalangeal joint of the small toe, which again is at variance with the reported range of 5.5-10% in Caucasians. This study provides anatomical data that will help in the diagnosis and management of disorders of sesamoid bones which are often overlooked in Africans.     

前列腺非上皮性肿瘤及瘤样病变的病理观察

目的：探讨前列腺非上皮性肿瘤的诊断和鉴别诊断并观察其预后,方法：收集临床及病理资料,应用HE,免疫组织化学LSAB法及电镜等方法,对16例前列腺非上皮性肿瘤的临床和形态特点进行了观察,并进行了随访,结果：16例中诊断前列腺间质结节6例,前列腺恶性分叶状肿瘤1例,前列腺间质肉瘤3例,前列腺平滑肌肉瘤3例,纤维肉瘤1例,前列腺非霍奇金恶性淋巴瘤2例。结论：伴发生前列腺良性增生过去诊断为前列腺平滑肌瘤的病变为前列腺的间质结节,在穿刺的标本中,前列腺叶状囊肉瘤易与前列腺间质肉瘤混淆,前列腺间质肉瘤以无特定结构的小梭形细胞为特点,前列腺平滑肌肉瘤、纤维肉瘤、前列腺非霍奇金恶性淋巴瘤与软组织同类肿瘤的诊断标准相同。前列腺非上皮性恶性肿瘤预后差。     

Giant cell reparative granuloma of the small bones of the hands and feet: a report of three cases

Giant cell reparative granuloma (GCRG) involving the small tubular bones of the hands and feet is a rare entity that can have a wide range of morphologic presentations and can be confused with more aggressive tumors. Awareness of this lesion is important to avoid diagnostic errors and potential mismanagement. We report three cases of GCRG that involve the small tubular bones of the hands and feet, with long-term follow-up periods that confirm a benign course. Previous reports included the differential diagnosis of giant cell tumor, brown tumor of hyperparathyroidism, aneurysmal bone cyst, and non-ossifying fibroma. The presence of chondroid material in two of our cases, one of which also shows atypical nuclei and a periosteal reaction, expands the differential diagnosis to include bone- and cartilage-forming neoplasms.     

A clinicopathologic study of tumors and tumor-like lesions of the penis

A total of 147 specimens from 93 patients with penile lesions were examined at Nagasaki University Hospital during a 27-year period from 1961 to 1987. The most frequent malignant tumor was squamous cell carcinoma (SCC, 33 cases, 35.5%), followed by extramammary Paget's disease, transitional cell carcinoma, and Bowen's disease. The benign tumors and tumor-like lesions included condyloma acuminatum, cyst of the genitoperineal raphe, and lymphangioma. SCC of the penis accounted for less than 0.1% of all specimens and less than 0.62% of malignant tumors in men filed at our hospital. True phimosis accompanied 81.5% of the SCC cases. The 5- and 10-year survival rates for SCC were 77.2% and 71.3%, respectively. Two patients died of penile SCC. It was considered that an absence of both keratohyaline granules in the granular layer and melanin pigment in the basal layer can serve as a useful histologic indicator for diagnosis of well differentiated SCCs that are otherwise difficult to identify.     

老年原发性骨肉瘤12例临床及病理分析

目的 探讨老年原发性骨肉瘤的临床、影像学、病理学特征及鉴别诊断要点.方法 回顾分析北京积水潭医院1985-2010年间手术治疗的12例年龄>60岁的老年原发性骨肉瘤患者的临床、影像学及病理学资料,并对患者进行随访.结果 发病部位位于四肢长骨7例,髂骨1例,颅面骨2例及软组织2例.影像学显示,10例骨肿瘤患者为混合性骨破坏(既有成骨性又有溶骨性破坏),其中8例有骨膜反应和软组织包块.2例软组织骨肉瘤患者可见软组织内有高密度影.组织学除经典普通型骨肉瘤外,2例以恶性梭形细胞为主要成分,2例以软骨为主要成分,1例为髓内高分化骨肉瘤.选择的免疫组织化学(EnVision法)染色没有特异性的改变.10例患者接受瘤段切除或截肢手术,其中1例术前依据个人情况接受正规辅助化疗.除3例失随访外,对9例进行了跟踪随访,随访时间3个月到6年,平均2.8年,其中3例死于肺转移,1例因心脑血管疾病死亡,5例仍存活.结论 老年人原发性骨肉瘤极罕见,可能漏诊或误诊.确诊需结合临床和影像学的相关证据支持.

Abstract：

Objective To study the clinical manifestations, radiologic findings, pathologic diagnosis and differential diagnosis of primary osteosarcoma in elderly patients. Methods Twelve cases of primary osteosarcoma occurring in patients older than 60 years were encountered during the period from 1985 to 2010. The clinical manifestations, radiologic features and pathologic findings were studied and the follow-up data were analyzed. Results The sites of involvement included long bones (number=7), ilium (number=1), craniofacial bones (number=2) and soft tissue (number=2). Radiologic examination showed a mixture of osteosclerotic and osteolytic lesions in 10 patients, soft tissue lesions with high-density areas in 2 patients and soft tissue lesions with periosteal reaction in 8 patients. Histologically, most cases showed features of conventional osteosarcoma. There were 2 cases of malignant fibrous histiocytoma-like osteosarcoma, 2 cases of chondroblastic osteosarcoma and 1 case of well-differentiated intraosseous osteosarcoma. Immunohistochemical study played little role in pathologic diagnosis. Ten patients had undergone amputation, including one patient who had received adjuvant chemotherapy beforehand. Nine patients had follow-up information available. Three of them died of lung metastasis and 1 died of cardiovascular disease. Conclusions Primary osteosarcoma rarely occurs in elderly patients and can easily be missed. Correlation with clinical, radiologic and histologic features is important for arriving at a correct diagnosis.