10种中药有效成分抑制口腔主要致病菌比较

目的:为评价常见中药对口腔主要致病菌作用及其作为口腔保健用药的可能性。方法:从文献报导中有抗致龋作用的中草药中选择出1 0种中药或天然植物进行1 0种有代表性的口腔致病菌的药敏试验。结果:茶多酚和鞣酸具有较强的抑菌和杀菌作用。结论:初步认为茶多酚和鞣酸更适合作为预防和治疗口腔疾病的保健用药。     

研究薄荷复方煎液对龋病、牙周病致病菌的抑制和杀灭作用

目的:观察并分析薄荷复方煎液在抑制龋病和牙周病的各种致病菌中的作用.方法:本研究中的实验菌株主要包括牙龈卟啉单胞菌和血链球菌,所用药方为薄荷复方煎液,重点观察它在抑制龋病和牙周病的各种致病菌中的作用.结果:薄荷复方煎液能够有效地减少牙龈卟啉单胞菌及血链球菌的产酸量,能够抑制其生物活性,从而减少不溶性葡聚糖的合成.结论:对于口腔细菌的糖代谢以及酸代谢来说,薄荷复方煎液均能发挥抑制效果.     

安徽省岳西县某贫困山村居民口腔健康状况流行病学调查

目的 了解安徽省岳西县某贫困山区居民口腔健康状况,及人们对口腔健康知识的知晓情况,了解当地居民龋病、牙周病的发病情况,指导开展相关口腔健康保健工作.方法 参照《第3次全国口腔健康流行病学抽样调查方案》,采用普查的调查方法,用SPSS 16.0软件对数据进行统计分析,龋病以患龋率和龋均数,牙周病以牙龈出血、牙结石和牙周袋的检出率做为统计指标.结果 共调查某贫困山村居民487例,总患龋率为63.66%,受检者龋均为2.07颗,牙龈出血检出率为14.37%,牙结石检出率为95.48%,牙周袋检出率为16.02%,总体失牙率为72.69%,全口无牙率为1.64%,义齿修复率为5.34%.结论 患龋率,牙龈出血、牙结石和牙周袋检出率和全口无牙率均接近第3次全国口腔健康流行病学抽样调查结果,但失牙率高、义齿修复率较低,应加强山区居民口腔健康防治工作,改善贫困山区居民口腔医疗条件.     

口腔健康总动员

近年来,随着医学界和媒体的大力宣传,人们对口腔保健的意识逐渐加强。现在城市人每天刷牙2次的已占70%,比过去有大幅提高。但是,您刷牙的方式正确吗?仅仅靠刷牙就能一劳永逸地解决所有口腔问题吗?您是不是正在纳闷:自己明明每天刷牙,可还是患上了口腔病呢?     

爱诺喷漱液对口腔致病菌的作用探讨

大量研究表明 ,天然存在于口腔中的微生物成为各种感染的直接或间接病因 ,基于对口腔菌丛以及影响口腔生态平衡诸因素的了解 ,选择抑菌效果较好 ,维持抑菌时间较长的喷漱液 ,是临床上预防与控制感染的有效途径。本研究采用目前国际上较普遍应用的口腔表面活性剂 ,氯化十六烷基吡啶(ＣＰＣ) ,制成爱诺喷漱液 ,与洗必泰、硼砂、食醋等口腔清洁剂 ,进行了参照对比抑菌效用观察。现报告如下。材料与方法一、材料来源1.取样品 :0 1%ＣＰＣ喷漱液 (呼吸道型、固齿型 )与口泰 (含 0 12 %葡萄糖酸洗必泰、0 0 2甲硝唑 ,硼砂漱口液、食用醋 (按 1…     

128株口腔感染致病菌的分布及其耐药性分析

目的:分析口腔感染患者致病菌的分布及其耐药性。方法:选取2014年4月—2016年8月间诊治的口腔感染患者86例,采用药敏分析仪和全自动细菌鉴定仪分析和检测所得的致病菌。结果:86例口腔感染患者中,有60.16%为革兰阳性球菌感染,有31.25%为革兰阴性菌染,有8.59%为真菌感染;比较发现真菌与革兰阴性菌的构成比显著低于革兰阳性球菌(P<0.05);头孢哌酮和氨苄西林对铜绿假单胞菌、大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌具有一定的耐药性。结论:革兰阳性球菌是口腔感染患者的主要致病菌,其耐药性的特点也是各不相同的,根据药敏结果合理选用抗菌药物治疗。     

四子王旗蒙汉民族人群口腔健康状况的调查

目的了解内蒙古四子王旗蒙族和汉族不同年龄组人群的口腔健康状况,为当地口腔疾病保健防治工作提供研究依据。方法按照世界卫生组织《口腔健康调查基本方法》的标准和《第三次全国口腔健康流行病学调查方案》对四子王旗362名居民(35~74岁)口腔卫生情况进行调查。结果在35~44、45~64、65~74岁组,蒙族和汉族恒牙患龋率分别为73.7%、95.9%、95.8%和59.7%、78.8%、83.3%,牙周炎率分别是22.2%、37.8%、43.8%和33.9%、48.1%、58.3%,牙列缺损率分别为63.2%、84.2%、86%和60.3%、68.2%、78%,均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论内蒙古边远地区蒙古族人群的口腔患病率比汉族人群高,自我保健意识缺乏,当地专科诊所少,难以满足及时就诊条件。加强对当地口腔医师技术指导,及时防治口腔疾病,并实施预防、康复治疗,有计划有目的地对农牧区蒙古族居民进行口腔卫生宣教,是牙病防治的关键。     

中药口腔护理的临床观察

目的观察中药口腔护理液在中风患者口腔护理中的作用。方法对172例中风患者进行口腔护理。观察（中药）组86例,用院内自制中药口腔护理液进行口腔护理;对照组86例,用生理盐水进行口腔护理。观察口腔局部发生口臭、口腔肿胀、口腔溃疡、口腔糜烂、口腔霉菌感染的情况。结果两组疗效比较,中药组上述口腔疾病发生情况明显少于对照组。结论中药口腔护理液对中风患者进行口腔护理,可有效减少口腔疾病的发生,提高患者的生活质量。     

中药治疗口腔扁平苔藓疗效好

扁平苔藓是口腔内的疑难病，目前认为没有什么好的治疗方法，有的认为在全国乃至全世界也没有好的治疗方法，只能减轻和暂时控制，而不能彻底治愈。我们经10多年的刻苦攻关，终于找到了一条用中药治疗的路子，而且疗效可靠，治愈了大量患者，且巩固的较好。现将临床的认识和体会简要介绍如下。     

中药口腔崩解片的研究进展

口腔崩解片作为一种新型的固体制剂,因其服用方便、起效快、生物利用度高、口感好等优点而成为片剂开发的重点。目前该技术也已广泛地应用于中药新剂型研究领域,中药口腔崩解片的研究为中药剂型的研究开辟了一条新的道路。该剂型具有广阔的市场前景,现将有关此类片剂的研究情况做一介绍。     

Mechanism of inhibition of tannic acid and related compounds on the growth of intestinal bacteria

Tannic acid, propyl gallate and methyl gallate, but not gallic acid, were found to be inhibitory to the growth of intestinal bacteria Bacteroides fragilis ATCC 25285, Clostridium clostridiiforme ATCC 25537, C. perfringens ATCC 13124, C. paraputrificum ATCC 25780, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Enterobacter cloacae ATCC 13047, Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and S. typhimurium YG1041 at 100–1000 μg/ml in culture broth. Neither Bifidobacterium infantis ATCC 15697 nor Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 4356 was inhibited by any of the above compounds up to 500 μg/ml. Tannic acid has a much greater relative binding efficiency to iron than propyl gallate, methyl gallate or gallic acid. The inhibitory effect of tannic acid to the growth of intestinal bacteria may be due to the strong iron binding capacity of tannic acid; whereas the effect of propyl gallate and methyl gallate probably occurs by a different mechanism. The growth of E. coli was restored by the addition of iron to the medium after the precipitate caused by tannic acid was removed. Neither B. infantis nor L. acidophilus require iron for growth. This probably contributes to their resistance to tannic acid. Because tannins are abundant in the human diet, tannins may affect the growth of some intestinal bacteria and thus may have an impact on human health.     

非发酵菌临床分布及耐药性分析

目的了解常德市第一人民医院非发酵菌感染的病原学分布及对常用抗生素的耐药情况,为临床提供诊断和治疗的依据。方法回顾性总结常德市第一人民医院2002年1月至2006年12月临床分离的非发酵菌分布特点及药敏结果。结果共检出非发酵菌904株,占分离细菌的18.3%。非发酵菌检出率较高的标本为痰液（27.0%）和伤口分泌物（24.9%）。分离率前4位的非发酵菌分别为铜绿假单胞菌（64.7%）、产碱假单胞菌（8.3%）、鲍曼不动杆菌（7.6%）及洋葱伯克霍尔德菌（3.1%）。主要非发酵菌对常用抗生素均有较严重的耐药性,耐药率最低的药物为碳青霉烯类抗生素美罗培南,头孢吡肟、左氧氟沙星、阿米卡星的耐药率相对较低。结论院内非发酵菌感染日趋严重,且呈现多重耐药倾向,值得进一步研究。临床应依据药敏结果优化选择抗生素,并采用合理的手段降低耐药率的发生。     

In vitro ability of lactic acid bacteria to inhibit mastitis-causing pathogens

Bovine mastitis is one of the most important diseases in high-yielding dairy herds. Recently, the state-of-the-art treatment of mastitis has been that of antibiotic therapy. Due to increasing antibiotic resistance in pathogens, alternative and sustainable therapeutics have to be sought. Probiotic microorganisms possess such curative capabilities and therefore the aim of the present study was to isolate lactic acid bacteria (LAB) which are able to inhibit mastitis-causing pathogens in vitro. 416 isolates of LAB were obtained from 1532 samples (quarter foremilk samples, bulk milk, grass, manure and bedding materials). 367 isolated wild isolates, two reference strains (Lactococcus (Lc.) lactis subsp. lactis ATCC 11454, Lactobacillus (Lb.) rhamnosus ATCC 7469) and six combinations were screened with agar well diffusion assay for their ability to inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus (S.) aureus, S. epidermidis, S. xylosus, Streptococcus (Sc.) uberis, Sc. agalactiae and Escherichia (E.) coli. 170 wild isolates inhibited the growth of Sc. uberis, 78 S. epidermidis, 37 S. aureus, 36 S. xylosus, 14 E. coli and 13 Sc. agalactiae, respectively. Only the combination of the wild strains 78/37 (Lb. paracasei), 118/37 (Lb. plantarum) and the reference strains inhibited the growth of all six indicator pathogens. These four strains were further capable of growing in milk as a substrate and of adhering to teat canal epithelium cells in vitro. It can be concluded that lactic acid bacteria may have the potential to be used as probiotics to prevent and to treat bovine intramammary infections in a more sustainable way in future.     

广州市海珠区育龄妇女口腔健康状况及口腔保健认知程度调查

目的 了解广州市育龄妇女口腔健康状况及掌握口腔健康知识与行为的情况,为制定健康教育策略提供依据.方法 采用随机抽样的方法对400例已婚未育妇女进行口腔检查及口腔知识问卷调查.结果 海珠区育龄妇女口腔健康状况较差,400例已婚未育妇女中有172例患龋齿,占43% 且400例已婚未育妇女的口腔健康知识均比较贫乏.结论 应大力提倡育龄妇女关注妊娠期口腔保健及治疗的基本知识,为优生优育提供保障.     

Lactic acid bacteria-fermented product of green tea and Houttuynia cordata leaves exerts anti-adipogenic and anti-obesity effects

Obesity is associated with higher risks of developing diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Green tea, rich in polyphenolic compounds such as epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and epigallocatechin (EGC), has been shown to display anti-obesity effects. Houttuynia cordata leaves have also been shown to exhibit anti-obesity effects due to their chlorogenic acid content. Lactic acid bacteria are able to increase the production of polyphenolic compounds. This study aims to develop a novel anti-obesity fermentation product by combining H. cordata leaf tea with green tea, using Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei NTU 101 (NTU 101) for fermentation due to the advantages of bioconverting the polyphenolic compounds. The regulation of adipogenesis factors and the anti-obesity effect of the NTU 101-fermented tea were evaluated in an in vitro 3T3-L1 pre-adipocyte model and an in vivo obese rat model, respectively. The results show that the NTU 101-fermented tea, which contained higher EGCG, EGC, and chlorogenic acid levels than unfermented tea, was able to inhibit the lipogenesis of mature 3T3-L1 adipocytes by the stimulation of lipolysis. Furthermore, the body weight gain, body fat pad, and feeding efficiency of obese rats, induced with a high fat diet, were decreased by the oral administration of NTU 101-fermented tea. The significant anti-obesity effect was probably due to lipolysis. However, NTU 101 bacteria cells and EGCG may also act as functional ingredients to contribute to the anti-obesity effects of NTU 101-fermented products.     

Antimicrobial activity of Polygonum tinctorium Lour: extract against oral pathogenic bacteria

Extract of the leaves of the indigo plant (Polygonum tinctorium Lour.) was examined for antimicrobial activity against oral pathogenic bacteria. The indigo plant extract at concentrations of 1.74–3.48 mg/ml inhibited the growth of oral cariogenic and periodontopathic bacteria. Tryptanthrin, one of the components of indigo plant extract, showed the strongest antimicrobial effect at doses ranging from 3.13–25 g/ml, indicating that this compound is one of the active ingredients. Furthermore, treatment of periodontopathic bacteria Porphyromonas gingivalis and Prevotella intermedia with the indigo plant extract for 3–8 h resulted in death of the bacteria in a dose-dependent manner, whereas Streptococcus mutans was not affected by the extract. Thus, for its antimicrobial and bactericidal effects on oral pathogens, indigo plant extract would provide useful material for preventing and treating periodontal diseases and dental caries.     

比阿培南与其他抗菌药物对某院临床分离致病菌的体外敏感性比较

目的:比较研究比阿培南和其他抗菌药物的体外抗菌活性。方法:收集2015年1-5月某院分离的344株临床常见致病菌,采用纸片扩散法测定比阿培南和对照药(美罗培南、亚胺培南、厄他培南、氨曲南、左氧氟沙星、哌拉西林他唑巴坦、头孢他啶和头孢吡肟)对革兰阴性菌的敏感性,及比阿培南和对照药(美罗培南、左氧氟沙星、万古霉素、利奈唑胺、克林霉素、青霉素和呋喃妥因)对革兰阳性菌的敏感性。结果:比阿培南与美罗培南、亚胺培南、厄他培南、哌拉西林他唑巴坦对产和不产ESBL的大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌、阴沟肠杆菌及其他肠杆菌的敏感率相仿,且差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但比阿培南对铜绿假单胞菌的敏感率显著高于其他抗菌药物(P<0.05);比阿培南与美罗培南对甲氧西林敏感的金葡菌、耐甲氧西林的金葡菌、粪肠球菌和屎肠球菌的敏感率相仿,但显著低于万古霉素、利奈唑胺和呋喃妥因(P<0.001)。结论:与其他抗菌药物相比,比阿培南对某院临床分离的革兰阴性菌尤其是铜绿假单胞菌有较高的敏感率,但对鲍曼不动杆菌和肠球菌有较高的耐药率。     

乳酸菌作为载体的异源蛋白表达及应用研究进展

乳酸菌是公认的食品级安全微生物,利用乳酸菌作为表达载体进行抗原表达,能诱导机体产生有效的免疫应答。经口服和滴鼻免疫还可诱导机体的黏膜免疫应答,且接种方便,免疫效果和依从性均优于传统的注射途径。此文就乳酸菌作为表达载体的优势、表达系统的组成、目前成功表达的异源蛋白以及新型传送系统革兰阳性菌增强基质颗粒的研究进展做一综述。     

2006—2008年海军总医院革兰阴性菌耐药性监测

目的 分析2006-2008年我院临床分离革兰阴性菌的种类分布及对抗菌药物耐药性变化情况.方法 细菌鉴定采用VITEK微生物分析仪,药物敏感性试验采用BIOMIC药敏测定仪,统计学分析采用WHONET5.4软件.结果 2006年1月至2008年12月从临床送检的标本分离出细菌4982株,革兰阴性菌2922株占58.7%,铜绿假单胞菌、大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌和鲍曼不动杆菌为主要分离菌.铜绿假单胞菌对氨曲南、哌拉西林/三唑巴坦、头孢吡肟、头孢他啶的耐药率在40%以下;大肠埃希菌对亚胺培南、阿米卡星、头孢他啶耐药率在30%以下,对复方新诺明,环丙沙星,头孢呋辛的耐药率高于50%;肺炎克雷伯菌对亚胺培南、头孢他啶、头孢吡肟耐药率低于30%;鲍曼不动杆菌对亚胺培南耐药率为13.2%-58.1%.结论 定期进行耐药性监测有助于了解我院细菌耐药性变迁,为临床经验用药提供依据.     

2015—2017年广州中医药大学顺德医院病原菌的分布及耐药性分析

目的 了解广州中医药大学顺德医院病原菌的分布及耐药性,为临床治疗提供依据。方法 回顾性分析2015年1月-2017年12月广州中医药大学顺德医院的病原菌分布及耐药性。结果 共分离病原菌14 780株,其中革兰阴性菌8 426株,构成比为57.01%,主要为大肠埃希菌、鲍曼不动杆菌、肺炎克雷伯菌和铜绿假单胞菌;革兰阳性菌5 137株,占34.76%,主要为金黄色葡萄球菌、肺炎链球菌和凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌;真菌1 207株,占8.17%,主要为白假丝酵母。病原菌分离数量居前3位的科室分别为肿瘤内科、ICU和消化内科;标本主要来自痰液11 253株,占76.14%,来自伤口分泌物1763株,占11.93%,来自尿液1 524株,占10.31%;大肠埃希菌对阿米卡星、亚胺培南、哌拉西林/他唑巴坦、头孢哌酮/舒巴坦及左氧氟沙星较敏感。鲍曼不动杆菌对被检抗菌药物的耐药性均处于较高水平,肺炎克雷伯菌对庆大霉素和左氧氟沙星较敏感,对其余抗菌药物的耐药性均在30%以上。铜绿假单胞菌对头孢西丁、头孢噻肟、复方新诺明及阿莫西林/棒酸具有超高耐药性;真菌对万古霉素有高敏感性,但普遍对红霉素、青霉素、克林霉素耐药严重。结论 应定期统计分析广州中医药大学顺德医院病原菌的耐药情况,为医生合理使用抗菌药物提供依据,同时应加强监管,降低细菌耐药性。