非骨水泥全髋关节置换术治疗股骨头缺血性坏死的疗效观察

[目的]对使用非骨水泥全髋关节置换术治疗股骨头缺血性坏死的患者进行临床及影像学随访,探讨其疗效、并发症及其影响因素。[方法]选取2000年3月~2007年11月以来因股骨头缺血性坏死在本院行非骨水泥全髋关节置换术并具有完整临床及影像资料的76例(91髋)患者进行随访。临床随访包括术前术后Harris评分及各种并发症。影像学评估包括双侧髋关节正位、患髋侧位片,判断股骨及髋臼假体的位置及其周围骨质的变化,并测量髋臼内衬线性磨损量。[结果]截至末次随访时,68例(82髋)获得随访,随访率为90.1%,随访时间平均为48.8个月。术前Harris评分平均为42分(5~86分),末次随访时为93分(53~99分),优良率为90.2%。术后1例患者发生与活动相关的大腿痛,影像学上9髋股骨假体发生早期不稳定,14髋发生应力遮挡,5髋发生异位骨化。无假体松动或翻修病例。[结论]非骨水泥全髋关节置换术治疗晚期股骨头缺血性坏死疗效确切,但存在一过性大腿痛、应力遮挡、异位骨化、假体磨损等并发症,故需长期随访。     

系统性红斑狼疮患者行全髋关节置换术治疗股骨头坏死的疗效研究

背景:系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)患者行全髋关节置换术(THA)的安全性和有效性的报道较多,但SLE患者以青年女性为主,既往的对照研究难以匹配与SLE组患者生物学特征一致且样本量足够大的对照组。目的:进行匹配度较好的大样本研究,尽可能控制混杂因素,为SLE患者行THA手术治疗提供依据。方法:回顾性纳入2004年1月至2017年6月行THA治疗的100例SLE患者为SLE组,同期因创伤、饮酒等其他原因导致股骨头缺血性坏死(AVNFH)的100例患者为对照组,其性别、年龄、术侧、身高、体重、Ficat分期、随访时间皆匹配SLE组。结果:SLE组患者术后随访24~98个月,平均(57.5±31.5)个月;对照组患者术后随访31~128个月,平均(64.2±29.5)个月。SLE组患者与对照组比较,术前白蛋白、血红蛋白、红细胞压积、淋巴细胞计数较低,而红细胞沉降率(ESR)、C反应蛋白(CRP)水平较高。SLE组患者术后出现浅表伤口感染、深静脉血栓(DVT)和血肿形成的比率高于对照组(P=0.01),使用糖皮质激素是以上并发症的危险因素。两组患者均未出现感染、松动、脱位等其他并发症。对照组仅1例出现假体周围骨折。术前SLE组的Harris髋关节评分(HHS)和SF-12均低于对照组。末次随访时两组患者仅SF-12生理得分(PCS)差异有统计学意义(P=0.02)。结论:疾病活动控制良好的SLE患者的THA术后功能良好,未发生感染、松动、脱位等严重并发症,仅短期并发症较多。短期并发症的危险因素包括罹患SLE和使用糖皮质激素。疾病活动控制良好的SLE患者行THA治疗AVNFH安全而有效。     

Outcomes of Primary Total Hip Arthroplasty in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus With a Proximally-Coated Cementless Stem

The purpose of this study was to compare the outcomes of total hip arthroplasty (THA) in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) compared to a cohort of osteonecrosis patients who did not have this disease. Between 2001 and 2008, 60 THAs in 44 SLE patients who had a mean age of 42 years (range, 18 to 87 years) and a mean follow-up of 7 years (range, 4 to 11 years) were evaluated. These SLE patients were compared to a cohort of 82 THAs in 70 osteonecrosis patients who did not have this disease. Outcomes evaluated included implant survivorship, Harris hip scores, complications, as well as radiographic results. There was no significant difference in implant survivorship (98% vs. 97.5%), Harris hip score (87 vs. 88 points) and complications (1.7% versus 2.4%) between the SLE and the comparison cohort. The authors believe that SLE does not negatively affect the outcomes of primary total hip arthroplasty at mid-term follow-up.     

系统性红斑狼疮合并股骨头坏死行全髋关节置换术的特点及其并发症的防治

目的探讨全髋关节置换术（THA）治疗系统性红斑狼疮（SEE）合并股骨头缺血性坏死（ANFH）的临床特点、围手术期的处理、并发症的防治及早中期疗效。方法回顾性分析本组26例SLE合并中晚期ANFH行THA的患者,其中男1例,女25例,手术时年龄26—67岁,平均38．6岁;其中单髋置换11例,一期双髋置换15例。采用Harris评分和SF-36评分相结合的方法进行门诊随访。结果平均随访28个月,SF-36平均（67．2±6．9）分,Harris髋关节功能评分平均（91．6±5．4）分,优于术前的平均（42．6±9．3）分（t=4．73,P〈0．05）。X线显示假体位置均良好,无松动现象。共发生并发症4例,分别为1例关节脱位,1例大腿痛,1例股骨矩劈裂骨折,1例肾功能不全加重。结论THA能显著改善SLE合并中晚期ANFH患者的髋关节功能,提高生存质量。内外科医师密切合作制定围手术期的处理方案是提高疗效、预防并发症的关键。     

Conversion Total Hip Arthroplasty After Previous Transtrochanteric Rotational Osteotomy for Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head

The results of conversion total hip arthroplasty (THA) after failed transtrochanteric rotational osteotomy (TRO) are still controversial. We retrospectively reviewed 18 patients with ONFHs who had been treated previously by TRO and were later converted to THAs (conversion group). We made a matched control group of 18 primary THAs for ONFH done by same hip surgeon (PTHA group). There was an improvement in the Harris hip score and WOMAC score at the final follow-up but the improvement was not statistically significant between the two groups. Only internal rotation was significantly better in the PTHA group than in the conversion group. THA after TRO provides satisfactory clinical and radiological outcomes with no significant increase in perioperative morbidity in comparison with that in the primary THA.     

Quality of life outcomes in revision vs primary total hip arthroplasty: a prospective cohort study

This study included 143 patients who had revision total hip arthroplasty (THA) and 144 patients who had primary THA. The primary outcome variable in this study was the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index scores. Univariate and multivariate regression models were used to assess the relationship between surgical procedure and postoperative health related quality of life outcomes. The mean follow-up period was 1.7 years (range, 1-3 years). The mean preoperative function of patients with primary THA was significantly worse than that in the revision group (delta = -6.2; P = .013). Postoperative functional outcome was significantly better in patients with primary THA (delta = 6.5, P = .016) than in patients who had revision THA. The magnitude of improvement in quality of life is greater for the patient with primary THA in comparison to the patient with revision THA.     

Opioid use prior to total hip arthroplasty leads to worse clinical outcomes

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to compare the clinical outcomes of patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty (THA) who had been using narcotic medications prior to surgery to those who had not used them.

Methods

Fifty-four patients (62 hips) who had required opioid analgesia for hip pain in the three months prior to THA were compared to a matched group of opioid-naïve patients. Narcotic consumption was converted to a standardized morphine equivalent dose and compared between both groups of patients during their hospital stay, after six weeks, and at final follow-up. Other outcome measures included clinical outcome scores and the proportion of patients remaining on narcotic pain medication at final follow-up.

Results

The narcotic group required significantly higher total daily opioid doses as inpatients had a longer hospital stay and a higher proportion of patients who remained on opioids at six weeks and at final follow-up. Of the patients who were taking opioids pre-operatively, 81 % were able to wean off opioids at final follow-up. At a mean post-operative follow-up of 58 months (range, 24–258 months), Harris hip scores were lower in the narcotic group, with a mean of 84 compared to 91 points in the matching group. However, in both cohorts, there were significant improvements in Harris hip scores compared to pre-operative outcomes.

Conclusions

Patients who use narcotics prior to total hip arthroplasty may be more likely to suffer from opioid-induced hyperalgesia after surgery and have worse clinical outcomes. When possible, efforts should be made to use other modes of analgesia or wean patients from their use prior to total hip arthroplasty.     

Resection arthroplasty in radiation-induced osteonecrosis of the hip

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the choice of appropriate surgical procedure through follow-up of postoperative results in patients with radiation-induced osteonecrosis of the hip.Materials and methodsFrom January 1990 to December 2010, 25 patients underwent surgery for hip osteonecrosis after pelvic irradiation, for a total of 31 cases. The mean patient age was 61.6 years and the mean follow-up period was 60.4 months. There were 28 cases of primary total hip arthroplasty, three cases of primary resection arthroplasty, and six cases of secondary resection arthroplasty after total hip arthroplasty failure. The THA group was classified into two groups according to the period of operation: 1990 ∼ 2000 and 2001 ∼ 2010. THA and resection arthroplasty were compared retrospectively.ResultsIn the 16 cases of primary total hip arthroplasty (1990 ∼ 2000), 8 cases (50%) had a failed acetabular component. In 12 cases of primary total hip arthroplasty (2001 ∼ 2010), two cases (16.7%) had a failed acetabular component and two cases (16.7%) had an infection. Six cases underwent resection arthroplasty after total hip arthroplasty. There were no complications in the nine cases of resection arthroplasty. Seven of the nine cases (77.7%) had pain relief. The mean VAS scores of the resection arthroplasty group were lower than those of the total hip arthroplasty group at the time of the latest follow up (P = 0.04).ConclusionsThe failure rate of total hip arthroplasty used in radiation necrosis has decreased. Therefore, total hip arthroplasty should be the primary surgical method in patients with radiation-induced osteonecrosis of the hip. Resection arthroplasty is limited as first-line therapy due to functional problems. It use should be limited to pain control in low-demand elderly patients.     

Hip Osteonecrosis: Does Prior Hip Surgery Alter Outcomes Compared to an Initial Primary Total Hip Arthroplasty?

The purpose of this study was to assess the clinical and radiographic outcomes of total hip arthroplasty (THA) in patients who had osteonecrosis to see if prior hip preserving surgery affected outcomes. Implant survivorship, Harris hip scores, and radiographic outcomes were compared between 87 patients (92 hips) who had undergone prior hip preserving procedures and 105 patients (121 hips) who had only undergone THA. Patients were also sub-stratified into low- and high-risk groups for osteonecrosis. At a mean follow-up of 75 months, there were no significant differences in survivorship, clinical, and radiographic outcomes among the cohorts. Higher revision rates were associated with patients who were in the high-risk group. The authors believe that hip joint preserving procedures may not adversely affect the outcomes of later THA in patients with osteonecrosis.     

Prior Femoroacetabular Osteoplasty Does Not Compromise the Clinical Outcome of Subsequent Total Hip Arthroplasty

BackgroundTotal hip arthroplasty (THA) is the most effective treatment option for patients with symptomatic osteoarthritis after a prior femoroacetabular osteoplasty (FAO). This study evaluated clinical outcomes of THA after a prior FAO and compared the results with a matched group of patients who underwent THA with no prior surgical procedures in the affected hip.MethodsBy reviewing our prospectively maintained database, we identified 74 hips (69 patients) that underwent THA after previous FAO between 2004 and 2017. They were matched 1:3 to a control group of primary THA with no history of any procedures on the same hip based on age, sex, body mass index, date of surgery, Charlson comorbidity index, surgical approach, and acetabular and femoral component type. At minimum 2-year follow-up, modified Harris Hip Score, 90-day readmission, and revision THA for any reason were compared between the groups.ResultsThe median time interval between FAO and subsequent THA was 1.64 years. There was no significant difference in preoperative Harris Hip Score between patients in the case and control cohorts. At the latest follow-up, the median modified Harris Hip Score was 77.6 in the case group and 96.2 in the control, and the difference was not statistically significant. None of the patients in the case group developed infection. 7 patients in the case group required additional procedures at any point, compared with 15 in the control.ConclusionTHA after prior FAO has similar outcomes to primary THA in patients with no prior procedures in the affected hip. THA can be performed safely with excellent outcome in patients with a history of FAO.     

Changes in Bone Mineral Density of the Acetabulum and Proximal Femur After Total Hip Resurfacing Arthroplasty

Our aim was to investigate the changes in bone mineral density (BMD) of acetabulum and proximal femur after total hip resurfacing arthroplasty. A comparative study was carried out on 51 hips in 48 patients. Group A consisted of 25 patients (26 hips) who had undergone total hip resurfacing and group B consisted of 23 patients (25 hips) who had had large-diameter metal-on-metal total hip arthroplasty (THA). BMDs around the acetabulum and proximal femur were measured using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) at 2 weeks, 6 months, 1 year and annually thereafter during the 3 years after surgery. At final follow-up, the acetabular net mean BMD decreased by 11% in group A and 10% in group B with no differences between two groups (P = .35). For the femoral side, in Gruen zone 1, the mean BMD increased by 4% in group A, whereas it decreased by 11% in group B (P = .029). In Gruen zone 7, the mean BMD increased by 8% at the final follow-up in group A, whereas it decreased by 13% in group B (P = .02). In both groups the mean BMD increased by 3% in Gruen zones 3, 4, 5, and 6. Stress-related bone loss of the acetabulum was comparable for MOM THA and resurfacing devices, but proximal femoral bone density increased in the resurfacing group and decreased in the THA group.     

Total Joint Arthroplasty: Should Patients Have Preoperative Dental Clearance?

Obtaining dental clearance prior to elective total joint arthroplasty is a common practice; however, little published data exist to justify this requirement. Dental clearance data for 365 elective total knee and total hip arthroplasty patients were gathered prospectively. Of these patients, 358 (average age of 62.4 years; 157 men and 201 women; 152 primary total knee arthroplasties (TKAs), 16 revision TKA arthroplasties, one conversion TKA, 168 primary total hip (THAs) arthroplasties and 21 revision THA arthroplasties) proceeded to surgery and follow-up data were available for 355. A comparison group of 218 hip fracture patients (average age of 78.7 years; 52 men and 109 women; 137 THA and 81 hemiarthroplasties) with no preoperative dental clearance who were treated with hip arthroplasty was extracted retrospectively from an institutional database. Follow-up data were available for 161 of these patients. The incidence of dental pathology in the elective arthroplasty group was 8.8%. Early postoperative infection requiring surgical treatment occurred in six patients (1.7%) in the dental clearance elective arthroplasty group and in four patients (2.5%) in the hip fracture arthroplasty group. No statistical difference was found between the two groups. This suggests that the perceived need for routine preoperative dental screening for all hip and knee arthroplasty patients should be reassessed.     

Impaction grafting

Background An increased incidence of osteonecrosis of the femoral head has been reported in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The purpose of this study was to review the pathologic specimens of HIV-positive patients who had undergone total hip arthroplasty (THA) and compare them with those of THA patients who were HIV-negative. The surgical outcomes of these HIV-positive patients were also reviewed.

Methods 40 HIV-positive patients who underwent 54 THAs at our institution were identified. The primary pathologic diagnosis for the femoral heads of these patients was osteonecrosis in 35 cases, degenerative joint disease in 11 cases, and other diagnoses in 8 cases.

Results There was a higher incidence of osteonecrosis in HIV-positive patients. At the most recent follow-up, 4 patients had died and 1 patient had a significant Staphylococcus aureus infection of the hip.

Interpretation There was a significant difference in the pathologic diagnoses of the HIV-positive group and the HIV-negative group, implicating HIV infection as a risk factor for osteonecrosis. Also, the risk of infectious complications is lower in our study than previously reported in other studies of HIV-positive patients who have undergone THA.     

Total hip arthroplasty in young adults after failed triple innominate osteotomy

This study compared the results of total hip arthroplasty (THA) in 11 patients with 13 hips who underwent THA after a failed triple innominate osteotomy (TIO) with an age-matched and sex-matched group of patients who underwent THA without prior TIO. The average age at the time of THA was 37 years (range, 16-50 years). The average follow-up of the patients who underwent THA for failed TIO was 36 months and for the control group was 28 months. One hip in each group underwent revision for dislocation. At final follow-up, the average Harris hip score in the study group was 76, whereas in the control group it was 88 (P <.05). The pain component of the Harris hip score in the study group averaged 32, whereas in the control group it averaged 40 (P <.05). Functional scores between the 2 groups were similar. Radiographically, there was no difference between the 2 groups. Estimated blood loss for the hips performed for failed TIO averaged 721 mL, whereas in the control group the estimated blood loss averaged 448 mL (P <.05). There was no difference in operative time. The results of this study indicated that although the radiographic results of THA after TIO are equivalent to THA without prior TIO, clinical results in terms of pain relief and the technical difficulty of THA are not equivalent to results in young adult patients who undergo THA without prior TIO.     

Prior Arthroscopy Leads to Inferior Outcomes in Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Match-Controlled Study

Background

Total hip arthroplasty (THA) is one of the most common reoperations after hip arthroscopy. Although arthroscopy causes changes in the hip joint and the surrounding soft tissues that can make THA more challenging, previous reports on arthroscopy before THA have not demonstrated any significant effect on clinical outcomes.

Hip Resurfacing Arthroplasty for Ankylosing Spondylitis

We compared the results of the metal-on-metal hip resurfacing with the ceramic-on-ceramic total hip arthroplasty (THA) in 2 groups. The preoperative and postoperative ranges of motion (ROMs) were recorded. At the latest follow-up, both of the groups make satisfactory clinical and radiographic results. There was no significant difference in Harris hip score of the 2 groups, but the ROM of the hips in hip resurfacing group was significantly wider than THA group (P < .01). Hip resurfacing has better ROM improvement than THA, with the same pain relief. Its high stability and low dislocation rate allow patients to do early function exercises, which is important for ankylosing spondylitis (AS) patients to avoid reankylosis. Hip resurfacing may be a reasonable option for young AS population.     

初次全髋关节置换术后5年以上随访结果

目的对本组行初次全髋关节置换术（THA）5年以上的患者进行临床及影像学随访,探讨其疗效、并发症及其影响因素。方法对北京协和医院骨科2006年以前行THA并具有完整临床资料的248例（285髋）患者进行临床及影像学随访。截至末次随访时,174例（198髋）获得随访,随访率为70.2%,随访时间平均为7.6年（5.5~11.6年）。临床随访包括术前术后Harris评分及各种并发症。影像学评估包括双侧髋关节正位（或骨盆正位）、患髋侧位片,判断人工假体位置、假体周围骨质以及并发症情况。结果术前Harris评分平均为34.4分（0~86分）,末次随访时平均为88分（35~99分）,优良率为88.5%。术后假体总的生存率为97.1%。术后并发症包括跛行（9例）、异位骨化（8髋）、脱位（7例）、假体松动（2例）和感染（3例）等。结论本组病例整体疗效满意、假体生存期长,随访率偏低、病例数偏少,因此有待于进一步随访。     

Total hip arthroplasty for crowe type ⅳ developmental dysplasia

The purposes of this study were to evaluate the midterm clinical and radiographic results of total hip arthroplasty (THA) in patients with Crowe type IV developmental dysplasia and to evaluate whether low back pain would improve after THA. Eighteen consecutive patients (20 hips) were included in this study. The average age at the time of surgery was 58.5 years. The average follow-up was 10.2 years. The socket was placed at the level of the true acetabulum, and a femoral shortening osteotomy was performed. The average Harris hip score before surgery was improved from 56 to 85 points at the final follow-up. Revision was performed in 4 hips due to loosening of the femoral component in 1 hip and osteolysis in 3 hips. The midterm outcomes of THA in patients with Crowe type IV developmental dysplasia were satisfactory. The severity of low back pain was significantly reduced after THA.     

Total Hip Arthroplasty After Prior Acetabular Fracture: Infection Is a Real Concern

BackgroundAcetabular fractures often require surgical intervention for fracture fixation and can result in premature osteoarthritis of the hip joint. This study hypothesized that total hip arthroplasty (THA) in patients with a prior acetabular fracture who had undergone open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) is associated with a higher rate of subsequent periprosthetic joint infection (PJI).MethodsAbout 72 patients with a history of acetabular fracture that required ORIF, undergoing conversion THA between 2000 and 2017 at our institution, were matched based on age, gender, body mass index, Charlson comorbidity index, and date of surgery in a 1:3 ratio with 215 patients receiving primary THA. The mean follow-up for the conversion THA cohort was 2.9 years (range, 1-12.15) and 3.06 years (range, 1-12.96) for the primary THA.ResultsPatients with a previous acetabular fracture, compared with the primary THA patients, had longer operative times, greater operative blood loss, and an increased need for allogeneic blood transfusion (26.4% vs 4.7%). Most notably, PJI rate was significantly higher in acetabular fracture group at 6.9% compared with 0.5% in the control group. Complications, such as aseptic revision, venous thromboembolism, and mortality, were similar between both groups.ConclusionThe present study demonstrates that conversion THA in patients with prior ORIF of acetabular fractures is associated with higher complication rate, in particular PJI, and less optimal outcome compared with patients undergoing primary THA. The latter findings compel us to seek and implement specific strategies that aim to reduce the risk of subsequent PJI in these patients.     

全髋关节表面置换术后股骨近端骨密度的变化

目的评价全髋关节表面置换术对股骨近端骨量变化的影响。方法2002年7月至2005年6月,对行全髋关节表面置换术（表面置换组）和人工全髋关节置换术（全髋置换组）各26例患者作为研究对象,均在术前、术后3、6、12和24个月时对股骨近端按Gruen分区设为7个测量感兴趣区,表面置换组加股骨颈外上和内下区,应用双能X线吸收测定仪测定骨密度,比较两组术前和术后股骨近端骨密度变化。结果术后3、6、12和24个月时,表面置换组股骨近端骨密度分别降低5．8％、4．9％、2．6％和0．4％;测量感兴趣区1的骨密度术后6个月时降至89．7％,至24个月时增至103．8％;测量感兴趣区7的骨密度术后6个月时降至95．1％,24个月时增至103．7％;股骨颈部骨密度在术后6个月时即可恢复至术前水平,股骨颈外上区的骨密度术后3个月时降至97．1％,术后24个月时增至107．4％（P〈0．05）;股骨颈内下区的骨密度术后24个月时增至117．9％（P〈0．05）。全髋置换组股骨近端骨密度分别降低7．0％、10．6％、1．0％和4．1％。测量感兴趣区1的骨密度术后6个月降至90．8％,术后24个月时为94．4％;测量感兴趣区7术后3个月降至94．2％,术后24个月时为96．7％。结论全髋关节表面置换术后股骨近端骨量可以得到有效保存和恢复。