Is Outpatient Total Hip Arthroplasty Safe?

Background

Safety data for outpatient total hip arthroplasty (THA) remains scarce.

Total Hip Arthroplasty: Is Small Incision Better?

Outcome data are eagerly awaited at present time to evaluate the role of minimally invasive surgery in orthopedic surgery. This matched-pair study reports the outcome of total hip arthroplasty (THA) performed through regular or small incision technique by a single surgeon. There were 120 patients in this cohort with a mean age of 66.8 years (range, 39-90 years). There was no detectable difference in outcome between the two groups with regard to blood loss, analgesia requirement, functional recovery, length of hospital stay, or disposition at discharge. One patient in the small incision group with undersized femoral component required revision of the femoral stem 8 months later. The recent extensive interest for minimally invasive THA has been attributed to market-driven and patient-driven demand for this procedure. We were not able to detect any difference in outcome parameters for THA performed through small incision compared with the conventional techniques.     

Is Total Hip Arthroplasty after Hip Arthrodesis as Good as Primary Arthroplasty?

Background  

Conversion of hip arthrodesis to a THA reportedly provides a reasonable solution, improving function, reducing back and knee pain, and slowing degeneration of neighboring joints associated with a hip fusion. Patients generally are satisfied with conversion despite the fact that range of mobility, muscle strength, leg-length discrepancy (LLD), persistence of limp, and need for assistive walking aids generally are worse than those for conventional primary THA.     

Is Routine Mid-term Total Hip Arthroplasty Surveillance Beneficial?

Background  

Routine followup of patients after primary or revision THA is commonly practiced and driven by concerns that delays in identifying early failure will result in more complicated or more costly surgical interventions. Although mid-term followup (4–10 years) has been performed to follow cohorts of patients, the benefit of observing individual patients regardless of symptoms has not been established.     

Is a Higher Number of Total Hip and Knee Arthroplasty Revisions Associated With Increased Mortality?

BackgroundIt remains uncertain whether patients who undergo numerous total hip arthroplasty (THA) and/or knee arthroplasty (TKA) revisions exhibit decreased survival. Therefore, we sought to determine if the number of revisions per patient was a mortality predictor.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed 978 consecutive THA and TKA revision patients from a single institution (from January 5, 2015-November 10, 2020). Dates of first-revision or single revision during study period and of latest follow-up or death were collected, and mortality was assessed. Number of revisions per patient and demographics corresponding to first revision or single revision were determined. Kaplan-Meier, univariate, and multivariate Cox-regressions were utilized to determine mortality predictors. The mean follow-up was 893 days (range, 3-2,658).ResultsMortality rates were 5.5% for the entire series, 5.0% among patients who only underwent TKA revision(s), 5.4% for only THA revision(s), and 17.2% for patients who underwent TKA and THA revisions (P = .019). In univariate Cox-regression, number of revisions per patient was not predictive of mortality in any of the groups analyzed. Age, body mass index (BMI), and American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) were significant mortality predictors in the entire series. Every 1 year of age increase significantly elevated expected death by 5.6% while per unit increase in BMI decreased the expected death by 6.7%, ASA-3 or ASA-4 patients had a 3.1 -fold increased expected death compared to ASA-1 or ASA-2 patients.ConclusionThe number of revisions a patient underwent did not significantly impact mortality. Increased age and ASA were positively associated with mortality but higher BMI was negatively associated. If health status is appropriate, patients can undergo multiple revisions without risk of decreased survival.     

Can Squeaking With Ceramic-On-Ceramic Hip Articulations In Total Hip Arthroplasty Be Avoided?

Squeaking is a recognized complication of total hip arthroplasty with ceramic on ceramic bearings but the etiology has not been well identified. We evaluated 183 hips in 148 patients who had undergone ceramic-on-ceramic noncemented total hip arthroplasties at one center between 1997–2007 by standardized telephone interviews and radiographic review. Audible squeaking was reported from 22 hips (12% of 183) of 19 patients. Prevalence of squeaking was associated with younger age; obesity; lateralized cup position; use of beta titanium alloy femoral components and shortened head length options; and higher reported activity level, greater pain, and decreased satisfaction at the time of the interview. Squeaking was described as having little personal significance by most patients. Squeaking might be preventable in part through medialization of the acetabular cup and avoidance of the use of shortened femoral necks.     

What Is the Learning Curve for the Anterior Approach for Total Hip Arthroplasty?

Background

There are many factors that may affect the learning curve for total hip arthroplasty (THA) and surgical approach is one of these. There has been renewed interest in the direct anterior approach for THA with variable outcomes reported, but few studies have documented a surgeon’s individual learning curve when using this approach.

Questions/purposes

(1) What was the revision rate for all surgeons adopting the anterior approach for placement of a particular implant? (2) What was the revision rate for surgeons who performed > 100 cases in this fashion? (3) Is there a minimum number of cases required to complete a learning curve for this procedure?

Methods

The Australian Orthopaedic Association National Joint Replacement Registry prospectively collects data on all primary and revision joint arthroplasty surgery. We analyzed all conventional THAs performed up to December 31, 2013, with a primary diagnosis of osteoarthritis using a specific implant combination and secondarily those associated with surgeons performing more than 100 procedures. Ninety-five percent of these procedures were performed through the direct anterior approach. Procedures using this combination were ordered from earliest (first procedure date) to latest (last procedure date) for each individual surgeon. Using the order number for each surgeon, five operation groups were defined: one to 15 operations, 16 to 30 operations, 31 to 50 operations, 51 to 100 operations, and > 100 operations. The primary outcome measure was time to first revision using Kaplan-Meier estimates of survivorship.

Results

Sixty-eight surgeons performed 5499 THAs using the specified implant combination. The cumulative percent revision at 4 years for all 68 surgeons was 3% (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.5–3.8). For surgeons who had performed over 100 operations, the cumulative revision rate was 3% (95% CI, 2.0–3.5). It was not until surgeons had performed over 50 operations that there was no difference in the cumulative percent revision compared with over 100 operations. The cumulative percent revision for surgeons performing 51 to 100 operations at 4 years was 3% (95% CI, 1.5–5.4) and over 100 operations 2% (95% CI, 1.2–2.7; hazard ratio, 1.40 [95% CI, 0.7–2.7]; p = 0.33).

Conclusions

There is a learning curve for the anterior approach for THA even when using a prosthesis combination specifically marketed for that approach. We found that 50 or more procedures need to be performed by a surgeon before the rate of revision is no different from performing 100 or more procedures. Surgeons should be aware of this initial higher rate of revision when deciding which approach delivers the best outcome for their patients.     

Do Conversion Total Hip Arthroplasty Yield Comparable Results to Primary Total Hip Arthroplasty?

Background

The incidence of hip fractures is growing with the increasing elderly population. Typically, hip fractures are treated with open reduction internal fixation, hemiarthroplasty, or total hip arthroplasty (THA). Failed hip fracture fixation is often salvaged by conversion THA. The total number of conversion THA procedures is also supplemented by its use in treating different failed surgical hip treatments such as acetabular fracture fixation, Perthes disease, slipped capital femoral epiphysis, and developmental dysplasia of the hip. As the incidence of conversion THA rises, it is important to understand the perioperative characteristics of conversion THA. Some studies have demonstrated higher complication rates in conversion THAs than primary THAs, but research distinguishing the 2 groups is still limited.

Does Physical Activity Level Influence Total Hip Arthroplasty Expectations,Satisfaction, and Outcomes?

BackgroundTotal hip arthroplasty (THA) patients expect pain relief and functional improvement, including return to physical activity. Our objective was to determine the impact of patients' physical activity level on preoperative expectations and postoperative satisfaction and clinical outcomes in patients undergoing THA.MethodsUsing an institutional registry of patients undergoing THA between 2007 and 2012, we retrospectively identified patients who underwent unilateral primary THA for osteoarthritis and completed a preoperative Lower Extremity Activity Scale, Hospital for Special Surgery Hip Replacement Expectations Survey, and Hip disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score in addition to two-year HOOS and satisfaction evaluations. Active patients (n = 1053) were matched to inactive patients (n = 1053) by age, sex, body mass index, and comorbidities. The cohorts were compared with regard to the association of expectations with Hip disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score and satisfaction, the change in Lower Extremity Activity Scale level from baseline to 2 years, complications, and revision surgical procedures.ResultsSignificantly more active patients (74%) expected to be “back to normal” regarding ability to exercise and participate in sports compared with inactive patients (64%, P < .001). Overall satisfaction was similar. Higher expectations with regard to exercise and sports were associated with higher HOOS sports and recreation subdomain scores in active patients. The inactive patient group improved on baseline activity level at 2 years while the active group did not.ConclusionAt 2 years after THA, active and inactive patients were similarly satisfied and achieved comparable outcomes. Inactive patients showed a greater improvement in physical activity level from preoperative baseline than active patients. Complications and revision rates were similar.Level of EvidenceIII.     

What are the Outcomes After Primary Total Hip and Knee Arthroplasty in Patients With Prior Cerebrovascular Accidents?

BackgroundFor patients who have a history of cerebrovascular accident (CVA) with neurological sequelae undergoing primary total hip arthroplasty (THA) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA), we sought to determine mortality rate, implant survivorship, complications, and clinical outcomes.MethodsOur total joint registry identified CVA sequelae patients undergoing primary THA (n = 42 with 25 on affected hip) and TKA (n = 56 with 34 on affected knee). Patients were 1:2 matched based upon age, sex, body mass index, and surgical year to a non-CVA cohort. Mortality and implant survivorship were evaluated via Kaplan-Meier methods. Clinical outcomes were assessed via Harris Hip scores or Knee Society scores . Mean follow-up was 5 years (range, 2-12).ResultsFor CVA sequelae and non-CVA patients, respectively, the 5-year patient survivorship was 69 versus 89% after THA (HR = 2.5; P = .006) and 56 versus 90% after TKA (HR = 2.4, P = .003). No significant difference was noted between groups in implant survivorship free from any reoperation after THA (P > .2) and TKA (P > .6). Postoperative CVA occurred at an equal rate in CVA sequelae and non-CVA patients after TKA (1.8%); none after THA in either group. The magnitude of change in Harris Hip scores (P = .7) and Knee Society scores (P = .7) were similar for CVA sequelae and non-CVA patients.ConclusionComplications, including the risk of postoperative CVA, implant survivorship, and outcome score improvement are similar for CVA sequelae and non-CVA patients. A 2.5-fold increased risk of death at a mean of 5 years after primary THA or TKA exist for CVA sequelae patients.     

Nerve Decompression Surgery After Total Hip Arthroplasty: What Are the Outcomes?

Background

The purpose of our study was to compare (1) muscle strength; (2) pain; (3) sensation; (4) various outcome measurement scales between post-total hip arthroplasty (THA) patients who had a sciatic nerve injury and did or did not receive decompression surgery for this condition; and (5) to compare these findings with current literature.

What Is the Impact of Body Mass Index Cutoffs on Total Hip Arthroplasty Complications?

BackgroundBody mass index (BMI) cutoffs are commonly utilized to decide whether to offer obese patients elective total hip arthroplasty (THA). However, weight loss goals may be unachievable for many, and some patients are thereby denied complication-free surgery. The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of varying BMI cutoffs on the rates of complication-free surgery after THA.MethodsPatients undergoing THA between 2015 and 2018 were identified in the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database using Common Procedural Terminology code 27130. BMI and rates of 30-day complications were collected. BMI cutoffs of 30, 35, 40, 45, and 50 kg/m² were applied to model the incidence of complications if THA would have been allowed to proceed based on BMI.ResultsA total of 192,394 patients underwent THA, and 13,970 (7%) of them had a BMI ≥40 kg/m². With a BMI cutoff of 40 kg/m², 178,424 (92.7%) patients would have proceeded with THA. From this set, 170,296 (95.4%) would experience complication-free surgery, and 11.8% of complications would be prevented. THA would proceed for 191,217 (99.3%) patients at a BMI cutoff of 50 kg/m², of which 182,123 (95.2%) would not experience a complication, and 1.3% of complications would be prevented. Using 35 kg/m² as the BMI cutoff would prevent 28.6% of complications and permit 75.9% of complication-free surgeries to proceed.ConclusionLower BMI cutoffs for THA can result in fewer complications although they will consequentially limit access to complication-free THA. Consideration of risks of obesity in THA may be best considered as part of a holistic assessment and shared decision-making when deciding on goals for weight reduction.     

What Is the Impact of Advancing Age on the Outcomes of Total Hip Arthroplasty?

Background

The global demand for total hip arthroplasty (THA) is increasing, underscoring its moniker as the “operation of the century.” However, debate still exists as to whether the elderly who undergo the operation achieve the same outcomes as those younger. In this study, we sought to investigate the association between older age and the risks and benefits of THA.

What do Patients Think About Minimally Invasive Total Hip Arthroplasty?

INTRODUCTION

The introduction of minimally invasive techniques for hip replacement into clinical practice has been driven by the perceived benefits of smaller incisions, shorter in-patient stays and faster rehabilitation. This may be at the cost of higher complication rates. The purpose of this study was to explore the opinions and priorities of patients in relation to these techniques.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

A cross-sectional survey was performed in an elective out-patient setting.

RESULTS

Of 44 patients approached, 36 agreed to participate. From most important to least important, patients rated the following items in order: ‘rate of complications’; ‘implant survival’; ‘length of rehabilitation’; ‘time in hospital’ and ‘length of scar’. Despite this, 21 of 35 (60%) responders stated they would accept the offer of minimally invasive techniques if made.

CONCLUSIONS

Patients appear to prioritise long-term outcomes and low complication rates over the shorter scars, reduced in-patient stay and reduced rehabilitation times potentially offered by minimally invasive hip arthroplasty. Despite this, the technique remains popular among patients.     

Late Dislocations After Total Hip Arthroplasty: Is the Bearing a Factor?

Background

Dislocation is a leading cause of revision after primary total hip arthroplasty (THA). Although more common in the first few years after the procedure, dislocation can occur at any time. This study investigated the difference in late dislocation in ceramic-on-ceramic (CoC) bearings compared with metal-on-polyethylene and ceramic-on-polyethylene bearings in THA.

What Do We Know About Taper Corrosion in Total Hip Arthroplasty?

Mechanically assisted crevice corrosion (MACC) at metal/metal modular junctions in which at least one of the components is fabricated from cobalt-chromium alloy, has reemerged as a potential clinically significant complication in total hip arthroplasty. The clinical manifestation of MACC may include the development of an adverse local tissue reaction (ALTR), similar to what has been described in association with metal-on-metal bearing total hip and resurfacing arthroplasty. The clinical presentation of MACC-associated ALTRs may include pain and possibly late recurrent dislocations. Abnormal metal artifact reduction sequence magnetic resonance images and elevated serum metal levels (cobalt elevations out of proportion to chromium elevations) can be helpful in the diagnosis of these MACC-associated ALTRs.     

Is the Direct Superior,Iliotibial Band-Sparing Approach Associated With Decreased Pain After Total Hip Arthroplasty?

Background

Recently, the direct superior approach (DSA) has been introduced in total hip arthroplasty (THA) with the goal of limiting soft tissue dissection. This study's purpose was to use a visual pain diagram questionnaire to determine the location and severity of pain in patients undergoing THA via a DSA vs miniposterior approach (MPA).

Is Dislocation Risk due to Posterior Pelvic Tilt Reduced With Direct Anterior Approach Total Hip Arthroplasty?

BackgroundPelvic tilt affects acetabular anteversion, and thus total hip arthroplasty (THA) dislocation risk. The pubic symphysis-sacrococcygeal distance (PSCD) is an indicator of pelvic tilt, and a PSCD < 0 mm (ie, excessive posterior pelvic tilt) is associated with a 3.7-fold increase in postoperative dislocation rate. However, it is not known if the direct anterior (DA) approach might reduce this dislocation rate, specifically in high-risk populations such as negative PSCD.MethodsStanding anteroposterior radiographs were reviewed for 510 consecutive DA THAs to determine PSCD. Patients were separated into 2 groups: (1) PSCD > 0 mm (PSCD[+]) and (2) PSCD < 0 mm (PSCD[−]). Incidence of dislocation was determined. We recorded if patients had spinal deformity or lumbar fusion. Continuous variables were analyzed using Student’s t-test, categorical variables were analyzed using Fisher’s exact test, and a sample size calculation was performed.ResultsThree hundred fifty-eight hips (70.2%) were PSCD[+], while 152 hips (29.8%) were PSCD[−]. Three dislocations (3/510 hips, 0.6%) occurred. Two dislocators were in the PSCD[−] group (2/152 hips, 1.3%) and 1 dislocator was in the PSCD[+] group (1/358 hips, 0.3%) (P = .21). Twenty-four patients had degenerative scoliosis (24/510, 4.7%), of which 1 had a dislocation (1/24, 4.2%); 2 dislocations occurred in nonscoliosis patients (2/486, 0.4%) (P = .134). Twenty-seven patients had lumbar spinal fusion (27/510, 5.3%), of which there were no dislocations (0/27, 0.0%); all dislocations were in nonfusion patients (3/483, 0.6%) (P = 1.0).ConclusionWe demonstrate no increased risk for THA dislocation in patients with a PSCD < 0 mm who have undergone a DA approach. These data would suggest a protective effect of the DA approach against dislocation, even in historically high-risk populations.