血清抗缪勒管激素在梗阻性和非梗阻性无精子症鉴别诊断中的应用价值

目的:通过测定正常生育男性、梗阻性无精子症(OA)患者、非梗阻性无精子症(NOA)患者血清抗缪勒管激素(AMH)水平,探讨其是否作为血清标志物鉴别诊断OA和NOA。方法:选择2018年9月至2019年4月男性不育门诊就诊的患者作为研究对象,采用化学发光免疫法测定正常生育组(n=43)、OA组(n=14)、NOA组(n=45)患者血清中的AMH、抑制素B、FSH水平,经阴囊B超测量睾丸体积。并对正常生育组、OA组和NOA组均进行AMH、抑制素B、FSH、睾丸体积的统计分析。结果:AMH正常生育组[(8.13±3.95) ng/ml]和OA组[(8.51±4.77) ng/ml]均明显高于NOA组[(5.65±3.13) ng/ml,P0.05],抑制素B正常生育组[(127.38±40.50) pg/ml]和OA组[(131.25±52.30) pg/ml]均明显高于NOA组[(25.98±16.29)pg/ml,P0.01],FSH正常生育组[(4.22±3.23) IU/L]和OA组[(4.54±2.09) IU/L]均明显低于NOA组[(19.87±13.09)IU/L,P0.01];正常生育组与OA组AMH、抑制素B、FSH差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。Pearson相关分析结果显示,抑制素B与AMH呈正相关(r=0.326,P=0.01),与FSH呈负相关(r=-0.662,P0.01);FSH与AMH呈负相关(r=-0.468,P0.01);睾丸体积与AMH呈正相关(r=0.339,P0.01),与抑制素B呈正相关(P0.01,r=0.733),与FSH呈负相关(P0.01,r=0.597);精子浓度与抑制素B呈正相关(r=0.522,P0.01),与FSH呈负相关(r=-0.421,P0.01),与睾丸体积呈正相关性(r=0.605,P0.01)。结论:AMH可作为睾丸精子发生的血清标志物之一,并单独或与抑制素B和FSH三者联合用于OA和NOA的鉴别诊断。     

血清和精浆抑制素B在无精子症诊断中的应用研究

目的:评价血清和精浆抑制素B浓度在诊断梗阻性和非梗阻性无精子症中的应用价值。方法:测定25例正常生育者(正常对照组),37例梗阻性无精子症以及33例非梗阻性无精子症者的血清卵泡刺激素(FSH)、血清和精浆抑制素B浓度,对无精子症者行睾丸病理Johnsen评分。结果:精浆和血清抑制素B浓度比值在正常对照组和非梗阻性无精子组分别为2.17和3.63,差异无显著性(P=0.29);在梗阻性无精子症组两者比值为0.18,与正常对照组和非梗阻性无精子症组比较显著降低(P<0.01)。结论:精浆和血清抑制素B浓度比值可用于临床诊断梗阻性和非梗阻性无精子症。     

血清抑制素B对非阻塞性无精子症睾丸精子存在的预测价值

目的:探讨血清抑制素B(INHB)对非阻塞性无精子症(NOA)患者睾丸精子存在与否的预测价值。方法:分别对40例NOA、20例阻塞性无精子症(OA)及10例正常生育男性以双抗体夹心ELISA法测定其血清INHB水平。并用化学发光法检测了上述研究对象的卵泡刺激素(FSH)水平。结果:NOA患者的血清FSH[(21.34±12.15)IU/L]明显高于OA组和正常生育男性组[(3.94±1.52)IU/L和(4.27±2.84 IU/L],而血清INHB水平[(53.15±58.74)ng/L]明显低于后两者[(162.49±78.38)ng/L和(228.49±110.68)ng/L]。正常生育男性与OA组患者的血清INHB水平差异无显著性(P>0.05)。NOA患者血清INHB水平与其睾丸精子抽吸(TESE)的结果有相关性(r=0.528,P<0.01)。TESE获得精子者血清INHB水平[(90.31±72.18)ng/L]显著高于TESE无精子者[(19.54±20.38)ng/L,P<0.01];而两者的血清FSH差异无显著性(P>0.05)。结论:血清INHB可作为预测TESE的参考指标。血清INHB的测定有望替代睾丸活检确定睾丸精子的存在与否。     

无精子症患者睾丸组织病理分型与血清抑制素B关系的研究

目的:探讨无精子症患者睾丸组织病理分型与血清抑制素B(INH B)水平间的关系,了解血清INH B在评估无精子症患者睾丸生精功能状态的敏感性和特异性。方法:对83例无精子症患者进行睾丸活组织病理检查诊断,根据病理形态的不同分为:唯支持细胞综合征组(n=21)、生精功能低下组(n=20)、生精阻滞组(n=24)和生精功能基本正常组(n=18)。患者睾丸活检前分别测定其血清INH B、卵泡刺激素(FSH)、黄体生成素(LH)及睾酮(T)水平。结果:上述4组血清INH B水平分别为(20.85±18.78)、(67.25±40.98)、(73.63±25.54)和(149.48±27.92)ng/m l。INH B水平在生精阻滞组与生精功能低下组之间差异无显著性(P>0.05),其他各组间以及与上述两组血清INH B水平间差异均有极显著性(P<0.001);FSH水平在生精阻滞组与基本正常组间差异无显著性(P>0.05),其他各组间以及与上述两组血清FSH水平间差异均有显著性(P<0.05);4组血清LH及T水平之间无相关性。结论:血清INH B水平在生精小管生精功能受损时明显降低,唯支持细胞综合征者下降最为显著。血清INH B水平可直接反映睾丸生精功能的总体状态,是判断无精子症患者睾丸生精功能更有效的诊断指标。     

血清抑制素B检测在无精子症患者经睾丸抽吸术结局预评估中的应用

目的:探讨血清抑制素B(INHB)检测在无精子症患者经睾丸抽吸术(TESE)结局预评估中的意义。方法:根据研究需要将受试者分为3组:梗阻性无精子症(OA)组(n=191),非梗阻性无精子症(NOA)组(n=360),精液参数正常对照组(n=100)。NOA组根据TESE结局分为TESE无精子组(TESE-,n=127)和TESE有精子组(TESE+,n=233)。血液标本均于上午8:00~10:00收集,测定其INHB值。采用受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)分析评价血清INHB预测TESE结局的敏感性和特异性。结果:TESE-组的血清INHB水平[(19.7±34.8)pg/ml]显著低于OA组[(106.8±66.2)pg/ml]、TESE+组[(98.2±62.4)pg/ml]及精液参数正常对照组[(108.3±65.0)pg/ml](P0.01),TESE+组的血清INHB水平与OA组、精液参数正常对照组无显著性差异(P0.05)。ROC曲线分析显示,血清INHB最佳分割点为19.1 pg/ml,此时ROC曲线下面积(AUCROC)为0.88,敏感性为90.1%,特异性为84.2%,诊断准确性达88.1%。结论:血清INHB是一种良好的非侵入性的精子生成预测指标,无精子症患者TESE前应该常规行血清INHB检测以评估其TESE结局。     

抑制素B βB亚单位在不同病理分型的无精子症患者睾丸组织中的表达

目的：探讨抑制素B（INH B）βB亚单位在不同生精功能状态的人睾丸组织中的表达情况。方法：对83例无精子症患者进行睾丸组织病理检查诊断，根据病理形态的不同分为：唯支持细胞综合征型（n=21）；生精功能低下型（n=20）；生精阻滞型（n=24）；生精功能基本正常型（n=18）。选择上述各型结构完整的睾丸组织，分别应用免疫组化法（SP）对血清INH B βB亚单位在不同生精功能状态的睾丸组织，进行定位研究。结果：各型睾丸组织内均存在血清INH B βB的表达，其分布特点为：问质细胞（Leydig cell）和早期生精细胞多为强阳性表达，呈深棕黄色；支持细胞（Sertoli cell）多为阳性表达；而晚期精子细胞和成熟精子未见表达；生精小管管周类肌细胞呈弱阳性表达。结论：INH B可能是睾丸Sertoli细胞和早期生精细胞的一个联合产物。     

无精子症、少精子症患者精浆和血清中抑制素B水平测定

抑制素是由睾丸的Leydig和Sertoli细胞产生的调节生殖内分泌与评估男性生殖功能的一个重要的激素[1].我们采用ELISA法对无精子、少精子症患者的精浆和血清中的抑制素B进行检测,以进一步了解抑制素B水平与男性生殖功能的关系.     

抑制素B βB亚单位在不同病理分型的无精子症患者睾丸组织中的表达

目的:探讨抑制素B(INH B)βB亚单位在不同生精功能状态的人睾丸组织中的表达情况。方法:对83例无精子症患者进行睾丸组织病理检查诊断,根据病理形态的不同分为:唯支持细胞综合征型(n=21);生精功能低下型(n=20);生精阻滞型(n=24);生精功能基本正常型(n=18)。选择上述各型结构完整的睾丸组织,分别应用免疫组化法(SP)对血清INH B βB亚单位在不同生精功能状态的睾丸组织,进行定位研究。结果:各型睾丸组织内均存在血清INH B βB的表达,其分布特点为:间质细胞(Leydig cell)和早期生精细胞多为强阳性表达,呈深棕黄色;支持细胞(Sertoli cell)多为阳性表达;而晚期精子细胞和成熟精子未见表达;生精小管管周类肌细胞呈弱阳性表达。结论:INH B可能是睾丸Sertoli细胞和早期生精细胞的一个联合产物。     

探讨血清卵泡刺激素预测非梗阻性无精子症患者精子发生的切点值

目的：利用受试者工作特征曲线（receiver operator characteristic curve ROC曲线）探讨血清卵泡刺激素（FSH）的切点值,以预测非梗阻性无精子症患者睾丸的精子发生。方法选取104例非梗阻性无精子症患者测定其血清FSH（IU/L）值,行经皮睾丸取精子术（TESA）并根据睾丸活检报告分为有精子组（1组）和无精子组（2组）。结果 FSH≤7有52例（50%）,找到精子51例,其概率为98.08%（51/52）;7＜FSH≤14有20例（19.23%）,找到精子17例,其概率为85%（17/20）;14＜FSH≤21有13例（12.50%）,找到精子3例,其概率为23.08%（3/13）;FSH＞21有19例（18.27%）,找到精子6例,其概率为31.58%（6/19）。利用ROC曲线优选的血清FSH切点值是13.78IU/L,该点其敏感性为85.2%,特异性为88.3%,血清FSH水平的ROC曲线下面积为0.895,表明其诊断准确性较高。结论非梗阻性无精子症患者血清FSH水平对预测睾丸精子发生有重要意义。     

非梗阻性无精子症患者睾丸穿刺获精子结局的预测因素研究

目的探讨非梗阻性无精子症(NOA)患者睾丸体积、血清抑制素B(INHB)及性激素水平对预测睾丸穿刺(TESA)获精子结局的意义。方法实验组为162例NOA患者,按TESA获精子结局分为有精子组(TESA⁺,n=74)和无精子组(TESA^-,n=88);正常组为60例同期精液常规参数正常者。比较各组的睾丸体积、血清INHB及性激素水平,筛选有显著性差异的指标,应用ROC曲线评价其对预测TESA获精子结局的意义。结果睾丸体积、血清INHB及FSH三项指标在TESA⁺组和TESA^-组间存在显著性差异(P<0.05),因此为优选的预测指标。三者的ROC曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.816、0.861、0.777,且后两者间有显著性差异(P<0.05),最佳切点值分别为8.15 ml、70.15 pg/ml、5.52 U/L,对应的诊断灵敏度分别为93.2%、87.8%、74.3%,特异度分别为65.9%、81.8%、77.3%。结论睾丸体积、血清INHB及FSH对预测NOA患者TESA获精子结局...     

Serum inhibin B and follicle-stimulating hormone levels as markers in the evaluation of azoospermic men: a comparison

Inhibin B is a glycoprotein hormone produced mainly by Sertoli cells of the testes in the adult male. It selectively suppresses the secretion of pituitary follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and has local paracrine actions in the testes. Its measurement is useful for investigating the role of inhibin B in male gonadal dysfunction. The objective of this study was to investigate the efficacy of serum inhibin B in men with nonobstructive azoospermia in comparison with FSH. Serum concentration of FSH was measured using microparticle enzyme immunoassay, inhibin B by specific solid phase sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in men with nonobstructive azoospermia (n = 46) and control fertile men (n = 5). Mean inhibin B and FSH level was 104.6 pg ml(-1) and 4.0 mIU ml(-1) in control men whereas the value for nonobstructive azoospermic men was 17.06 pg ml(-1) and 31.1 mIU ml(-1) respectively. Inhibin B and FSH levels were significantly different in azoospermia than controls (P < 0.0001). There were six cases of nonobstructive azoospermia with normal inhibin B. Testicular histology did not find any evidence of spermatogenesis in three cases with normal inhibin B. This demonstrated that inhibin B was not a superior predictor for testicular function in our study.     

来曲唑在非梗阻性无精子症中应用效果研究

目的探讨来曲唑在治疗非梗阻性无精子症(NOA)患者中的应用效果。方法收集2009年8月至2016年7月在我院接受来曲唑治疗的184例NOA患者为研究对象,根据睾丸体积不同分为3组:A组(81例)(睾丸体积≥12ml),B组(63例)6ml≤睾丸体积12ml,C组(40例)睾丸体积6ml。比较各组患者用药前后的睾丸体积、精液质量、性激素水平变化及睾丸活检组织病理情况。结果 184例NOA患者在规律用药后,所有患者精液标本离心沉淀后镜检未见精子。睾丸体积和体重指数在用药前后无显著性差异(P0.05)。各组用药后睾丸活检未见生精功能活跃的病理表现。各组患者用药前后催乳素(PRL)无显著性差异(P0.05)。用药第7天,3组的FSH和LH显著上升(P0.05),A组和B组的E_2显著下降(P0.05),3组的T值较用药前显著上升(P0.05)。用药第14天,3组的FSH和LH继续上升,A组和B组的T值继续上升,均显著高于用药第7天(P0.05)。最后一次活检前,A、B组的FSH和LH较用药第14天上升减缓(P0.05),C组的FSH和LH则显著下降(P0.05),3组的T值较第14天有所下降(P0.05)。结论来曲唑在治疗NOA患者中未见明显优势,或许需要多中心、大样本数据对这一结论加以验证。     

Intracytoplasmic sperm injection in the treatment of male infertility due to obstructive or non-obstructive azoospermia

<正> Objective:To evaluate the effects of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) ontreatment of infertility due to obstructive and non-obstructive azoospermia.Methods:A retrospective analysis of fertilization,cleavage,embryo implantationand pregnancy rates was done in 158 ICSI cycles including 112 obstructive azoospermiaand 46 non-obstructive azoospermia.Ovarian hyperstimulation and ICSI procedureswere performed by conventional protocol.The sperm was collected by percutaneous epi-didymal sperm aspiration (PESA) or testicular sperm extraction (TESE).Results:The fertilization rate (73.1% vs.67.0%),cleavage rate (88.6% vs.86.3%),embryo implantation rate (20.7% vs.11.4%),clinical pregnancy rate per trans-fer cycle (35.7% vs.19.6%) were obtained for obstructive and non-obstructiveazoospermia,respectively.Conclusion:The results revealed that in the cases of obstructive azoospermia,ferti-lization rate,embryo implantation rate and clinical pregnancy rate were significantlyhigher than those of non-obstructive azoospermia.But there was no significant differ-ence of the cleavage rate between two groups.     

The value of epididymal protease inhibitor in differential diagnosis between obstructive azoospermia and non-obstructive azoospermia

There are no efficient and noninvasive clinical tests to distinguish between obstructive azoospermia (OA) and non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA). Epididymal protease inhibitor (Eppin) protein is secreted specifically by testes and epididymides in male reproductive system. It does not exist in seminal plasma of patients with OA in theory. The seminal plasma from 40 normal men and 46 azoospermic patients was detected via Western blot for investigating the presence and characteristics of Eppin protein to distinguish between OA and NOA. The cases were diagnosed as NOA whether Eppin in seminal plasma was positive via Western blot analysis. The cases were diagnosed as OA when samples were Eppin-negative. Additionally, percutaneous epididymal sperm aspiration (PESA) and percutaneous testicular sperm aspiration (PTSA) were performed on these patients at the same time as the diagnostic criteria to compare with Western blot analysis. Eppin detection in seminal plasma showed similar effectivity with PESA/PTSA in differential diagnosis between OA and NOA. Compared with PESA/PTSA, Eppin detection is a new, efficient and noninvasive method which has good clinical application.     

卵泡刺激素和干细胞因子对大鼠非梗阻性无精子症模型生精功能的影响

目的探讨卵泡刺激素(FSH)、干细胞因子(SCF)对Wistar大鼠非梗阻性无精子症(NOA)动物模型生精功能的影响。方法使用白消安15mg/kg单次腹腔注射制作Wistar大鼠NOA动物模型,抽样检查模型制造成功后。随机抽取72只大鼠分为两组:治疗组给予大鼠后腿肌肉注射FSH 250mU/次和SCF 150ng/次,每3d重复注射1次,共注射19次;对照组予以等量的生理盐水行大鼠后腿肌肉注射。治疗组和对照组均于用药后19d、38d和57d摘取一侧睾丸制成石蜡病理切片,采用Johnsen法评价其生精功能;取一侧附睾计数附睾尾精子数,每组每次12只。结果治疗组用药19d、38d和57d睾丸组织切片Johnsen评分均显著高于对照组(P均0.05);用药后19d和38d治疗组睾丸内曲细精管排列较对照组紧密、整齐;管腔内各级生精细胞数量亦多于对照组;用药后57d治疗组睾丸内曲细精管与正常睾丸基本一致,而同期对照组内有不少曲细精管局部呈现"空泡样"结构。用药后19d,两组附睾内均未见精子;用药38d时治疗组附睾内精子数[(77.55±55.18)个/ml]显著高于对照组[(41.05±29.20)个/ml](P0.05);用药57d时治疗组附睾内精子数[(122.13±80.67)个/ml]亦显著高于对照组[(58.50±26.15)个/ml](P0.05)。结论 FSH联合SCF肌注能够促进Wistar大鼠NOA模型生精功能的恢复。     

A novel laboratory procedure to validate American Urological Association guideline on vasectomy success and to diagnose obstructive azoospermia

The objective was to develop a laboratory procedure to validate American Urological Association (AUA) Guideline on vasectomy success when nonmotile spermatozoa are found in the post-vasectomy ejaculate. The neutral α-glucosidase (NAG) an epididymal protein assay modified to determine the activity at 30 and 90 min of incubation from 24 pre- and 47 post-vasectomy ejaculates. The difference between the two points in the relative activity was calculated and if the difference was nonsignificant will confirm vasectomy success. The mean differences in the relative NAG activity were significantly different in pre- and post-vasectomy ejaculates, respectively. The mean differences in the relative NAG activity were similar in post-vasectomy ejaculates with and without nonmotile spermatozoa. No difference in relative NAG activity in post-vasectomy ejaculates between two time points of incubation may be a reliable method to confirm occlusion of the vas deferens. It also validates the recommendation by AUA Guideline on vasectomy success in the presence of few nonmotile spermatozoa.     

改进型实验性左侧精索静脉曲张的建立及其对大鼠卵泡刺激素及抑制素B的影响

目的:探讨改进型实验性左侧精索静脉曲张(ELV)对大鼠血清卵泡刺激素(FSH)及抑制素B(InhB)的影响。方法:利用改进的方法建立青春期SD大鼠左精索静脉曲张的模型30只;假手术组SD大鼠30只作对照组。术后3个月,取大鼠血清,ELISA法分别检测FSH、InhB的浓度。结果:实验组大鼠血清中FSH浓度[(37.56±9.72)ng/ml]与对照组[(26.69±5.33)ng/ml]相比升高,具有统计学意义(P<0.05);而实验组大鼠血清中InhB的浓度[(349.93±99.48)pg/ml]与对照组[(768.83±146.96)pg/ml]相比下降,具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:改进型ELV致FSH升高及InhB下降,这些变化可能是影响生育能力的机制之一。     

精索静脉曲张对精液质量和血清、精浆中抑制素B水平的影响

目的:探讨精索静脉曲张(VC)患者精索静脉曲张程度对精液参数和血清、精浆中抑制素B(inhibin B)水平的影响。方法:收集95例不育伴VC患者,55例有正常生育力的男性作为对照组,均通过CASA进行精液常规检查,改良巴氏染色进行精子形态检查;通过ELISA法检测外周血、精浆中抑制素B的水平。结果:VC患者正常形态精子百分率[Ⅰ度:(6.3±6.5)%,Ⅱ度:(2.6±3.0)%,Ⅲ度:(1.0±0.7)%]和前向运动精子百分率[Ⅰ度:(33.3±20.8)%,Ⅱ度:(28.9±19.8)%,Ⅲ度:(13.5±8.4)%]明显低于对照组[(7.5±5.2)%,(43.9±22.7)%](P0.05),精子畸形以头部畸形为主;VC患者外周血和精浆中抑制素B水平[Ⅰ度:(160.9±48.9)pg/ml,(208.3±28.1)pg/ml;Ⅱ度:(150.6±44.7)pg/ml,(201.5±83.5)pg/ml;Ⅲ度:(132.6±41.5)pg/ml,(150.2±51.6)pg/ml]均低于对照组[(201.0±38.1)pg/ml,(225.3±82.5)pg/ml]。结论:VC可导致精子活力降低,畸形率升高,外周血和精浆抑制素B水平下降,从而导致男性生育力受损。