冲动性和攻击性对大学新生自杀意念的影响

目的:探讨冲动性、攻击性对大学新生自杀意念的影响,为大学生自杀预防与干预工作提供依据。方法:采用Beck自杀意念量表中文版、Barratt冲动性量表中文版、Buss和Perry攻击问卷中文版对成都市某高校1356名大一新生进行调查。结果:自杀意念发生率为31.64%,女大学生自杀意念发生率高于男性(χ2=4.287,P0.05);女大学生冲动性量表总分(t=-2.796,P0.01)、行为冲动性(t=-2.670,P0.01)、认知冲动性分量表分(t=-3.179,P0.005)及愤怒分量表分(t=-2.434,P0.05)高于男大学生,男大学生躯体攻击分量表分高于女大学生(t=7.487,P0.001);有自杀意念大学生冲动性量表总分、行为冲动性、认知冲动性分量表得分、攻击性量表总分及各分量表得分均高于无自杀意念大学生(t=3.942,5.597,2.070,7.559,2.653,4.251,4.846,7.507,7.466;P均0.05);女性(OR=1.736)、敌意(OR=1.036)和指向自我的攻击分值高(OR=1.038)是自杀意念的危险因素;指向自我攻击因子得分对大学生自杀意念水平具有预测作用(R2=0.157)。结论:大学生自杀意念受冲动性和攻击性的影响。     

强戒人员童年创伤经历对攻击性的影响：链式中介效应分析

目的:探讨强制隔离戒毒人员童年创伤经历、精神病态、感觉寻求对其攻击性的影响及作用机制。方法:使用精神病态自评量表-简版、童年期创伤问卷-简版、简版感觉寻求量表、攻击问卷对232名强制隔离戒毒人员施测。结果:童年创伤经历、精神病态、感觉寻求和攻击性四者之间均呈显著正相关。精神病态在童年创伤经历和攻击性之间的中介作用成立,精神病态和感觉寻求在童年创伤经历和攻击性间的链式中介作用成立。结论:童年创伤经历导致强戒人员精神病态水平提高,进而具有更高的感觉寻求,最终提高个体攻击性。     

中文大学生版Buss-Perry攻击性量表的修订与信效度分析

目的:引进Buss-Perry攻击性量表(BPAQ),并在大学生群体中进行修订,用来测量我国大学生的攻击性水平.方法:在不同行政区域的9所综合型大学抽取1722名在校大学生.对样本编号后,奇数组(n =864)被用于探索性因素分析以确认因子结构;偶数组(n=858)被用于对所得维度进行验证性因素分析.用大学生社会技能量表(ChUSSI)和羞涩量表(RCBS)为效标.抽取其中一所大学的165名学生于初评后2周进行重测.结果:通过探索性因素分析,得到由敌意、身体攻击、冲动、易怒性4个分量表(共22个项目)构成的中文大学生版Buss-Perry攻击性量表(CC-BPAQ);验证性因素分析显示数据拟合良好(GFI=0.917,AGFI=0.896,CFI=0.899,RMSEA=0.059);CC-BPAQ的敌意、身体攻击和易怒性分量表得分与ChUSSI得分呈负相关(r=-0.23、-0.19、-0.20,均P＜0.01),CC-BPAQ的4个分量表得分均与RCBS得分呈正相关(r=0.45、0.21、0.11、0.32,均P＜0.01).总量表的内部一致性Cronbach α系数为0.89,4个分量表的α系数为0.73 ～0.85;总量表的重测信度为0.91,4个分量表的重测信度为0.75 ～0.80.结论:修订后的中文大学生版Buss-Perry攻击性量表具有良好的信度和效度,可以用于大学生的攻击性测量.     

暴力视频游戏中的叙事因素对男性游戏者攻击性的影响

目的:探究暴力视频游戏中的叙事因素对男性游戏者攻击性的影响.方法:以60名男性大学生为被试,采用辣酱范式、状态敌意量表、眼区心理状态阅读测试以及内隐联想测试探究了暴力视频游戏中的叙事因素对男性游戏者外显攻击性和内隐攻击性的影响.结果:对于外显攻击性而言,有叙事组辣酱范式的得分显著高于无叙事组(F=19.89,P＜0.0...     

中学生游戏暴力接触与攻击性的相关研究

目的:分析游戏暴力接触对攻击性的影响。方法:采用问卷法对1578名高一学生进行测查,测量和控制其它主要的攻击影响因素。结果:早期(初一二年级)而非近期(高一)的游戏暴力接触量进入攻击性的回归方程(F=30.572,P0.001);近期游戏暴力接触量减少者其攻击性的影响因素主要是游戏×竞争(41.5%)、家暴×游戏(4.4%)和同伴暴力(5.1%),增多者则是生活挫折(10.5%)和游戏×竞争(7.7%)。结论:中学时游戏暴力接触会影响其外显攻击性,且接触程度发生不同变化者(增多或减少)影响因素不同;游戏暴力与竞争性、家庭暴力、生活挫折的交互作用,而非它自身,是解释个体攻击性的主要因素;接触游戏暴力的年龄对攻击性的影响可能要大于接触时间远近的影响。     

有留守经历大学生的自我关怀与焦虑和攻击性:抗逆力的中介作用

目的:本研究以具有留守经历的大学生为研究对象,考察抗逆力在自我关怀与焦虑和攻击性的纵向关系之间的中介作用.方法:研究采用自悯量表对408名有留守经历的大学生(43.9％男生;平均年龄19.5±1.16岁)进行测量,相隔6个月后采用心理弹性量表、焦虑自评量表、大学生攻击性量表对同一群体进行追踪测量.结果:①自我关怀与焦虑...     

服刑人员自我控制与预谋/冲动攻击的相关研究

目的:探讨服刑人员自我控制与预谋/冲动攻击之间的关系,同时发掘与自我控制相关的其他因素。方法:对206名男性服刑人员施测自我控制量表、预谋/冲动攻击量表和填写个人信息。结果:自我控制量表总分与预谋攻击呈显著负相关,与冲动性攻击没有显著相关。自我控制得分对预谋攻击有显著的预测作用。结论:服刑人员的自我控制能力越高预谋攻击行为越少,但自我控制和冲动攻击没有明显的关系。     

情景线索对运动员内隐攻击性的影响

目的:比较不同情景线索对运动员内隐攻击性的影响。方法:通过向被试呈现不同情景线索材料(积极情景线索、中性情景线索、消极情景线索短片视频),采用内隐联想测验(IAT),比较不同情景线索下实验组与对照组被试的内隐攻击性的影响。结果:含有公益助人信息的积极情景线索能降低个体的内隐攻击性,而含有暴力攻击信息的消极情景线索则能增加个体的内隐攻击性;情景线索对不同群体人的内隐攻击性影响存在差异,对运动员的影响大于普通人群;中性情景线索对不同性别的运动员的内隐攻击性影响差异不显著。结论:情景线索能影响运动员的内隐攻击性。     

大学生留守经历与攻击性：安全感与自卑感的链式中介作用

目的:基于一般攻击模型,本研究探索安全感、自卑感在大学生留守经历与攻击性之间的中介作用。方法:使用安全感量表、自卑量表以及攻击性量表对961名大学生进行调查。采用多元回归检验安全感与自卑感在大学生留守经历与攻击性之间的中介作用。结果:①有留守经历的大学生攻击性显著高于没有留守经历的大学生。②在控制了性别、年龄、城乡来源以及是否独生子女后,安全感、自卑感可以分别中介大学生留守经历与攻击性之间的关系,且两者在留守经历与大学生攻击性之间起链式中介作用。结论:本研究结果表明,安全感与自卑感可以解释大学生留守经历与攻击性之间的内在机制。     

大学生中庸思维与焦虑的关系:认知情绪调节与攻击性的链式中介效应

目的:探讨认知情绪调节与攻击性在大学生中庸思维与焦虑间的中介作用.方法:采用中庸思维量表、贝克焦虑量表、认知情绪调节问卷与攻击性问卷,测量了 2251名大学生.结果:①中庸思维与消极认知情绪调节(r=-0.08,P＜0.001)、攻击性(r=-0.13,P＜O.001)、焦虑得分(r=-0.18,P＜0.001)之间呈显著负相关;消极认知情绪调节与攻击性(r=0.44,PP＜0.001)、焦虑得分(r=0.39,P＜0.001)之间呈显著正相关;攻击性与焦虑得分之间呈显著正相关(r=0.48,P＜0.001).②Bootstrap中介效应检验表明,消极认知情绪调节和攻击性以及两者的链式中介作用的95％的置信区间分别为[-0.148,-0.032]、[-0.326,-0.081]、[-0.104,-0.024].结论:中庸思维不仅直接影响个体焦虑程度,还通过消极认知情绪调节与攻击性的链式中介作用间接影响焦虑.     

Serum Cholesterol Concentrations and Non-Physical Aggression in Healthy Adults

Although physical aggression in humans and other primates appears to be negatively associated with total serum cholesterol (TSC) concentrations, the relationship between other forms of aggression and TSC is less clear. A plurality of studies have reported a positive association, some have reported no association, and a minority have reported a negative association. Some authors have speculated that the variability in findings is attributable to inconsistencies in the definitions and measurement of what has often been termed “verbal” aggression. Buss and Perry have developed the Aggression Questionnaire, a theoretically-derived and empirically validated self-report measure of aggression that breaks aggression into subcomponents. One hundred and seventy-one college students and university personnel were recruited to participate in a cholesterol screening health initiative and then invited to participate in a study of mood and cholesterol. They completed a Demographic Questionnaire, and the Aggression Questionnaire. Regression analyses with age and Body Mass Index (BMI) as covariates revealed that anger, hostility, and verbal aggression significantly predicted TSC. Physical aggression did not. This finding suggests that non-physical forms of aggression may constitute a risk factor for coronary artery disease and one that may be worthy of targeting through behavioral interventions such as anger management training.     

Aggression and cardiovascular response in children

OBJECTIVE: To examine cardiovascular response as a function of children's aggression after controlling for the effects of known risk factors. METHOD: Participants were 140 children in second, fourth, and sixth grades. Teachers completed the Matthews Youth Test for Health, a measure that includes questions pertaining to children's aggression. Measures of blood pressure and heart rate were obtained during baseline, academic quiz, and recovery. RESULTS: Increasing age and body mass index were associated with increased cardiovascular responses. Aggressive children exhibited higher heart rates at baseline and lower heart rate reactivity. Aggressive children with a positive parent history of hypertension exhibited the greatest cardiovascular response. CONCLUSIONS: These results provide further support for the identification of behavioral factors that increase cardiovascular risk in children.     

在校大学生关系攻击行为及其影响因素

目的:通过分析比较在校大学生与在岗职员关系攻击行为及其影响因素,为采取有针对性干预措施提供科学依据。方法:采用关系攻击量表、社交回避及苦恼量表和简式父母教养方式问卷中文版调查在校大学生和在岗职员的关系攻击行为、关系攻击信念、社交回避与苦恼、父母拒绝、情感温暖、过度保护等得分情况,并对两类人群的关系攻击行为及影响因素进行分析。结果:在校大学生关系攻击行为得分显著低于在岗职员(t=-3.708,P0.05),但社交苦恼、情感温暖得分显著高于在岗职员(t=2.314,3.161;P0.05),影响在校大学生关系攻击行为的因素有关系攻击信念和过度保护(r=0.506,0.441;P0.05),影响在岗职员关系攻击行为的因素有攻击信念和社交苦恼(r=0.765,0.241;P0.05),两组人群的关系攻击行为不存在显著的性别差异(t=-0.172,1.160;P0.05)。结论:在岗职员的关系攻击行为较在校大学生明显增多,影响在校大学生关系攻击行为的因素主要为关系攻击信念和过度保护。     

父母对儿童攻击和退缩行为的归因及其与父母情绪反应的关系

目的:探讨中国父母对孩子攻击和退缩行为的归因和情绪反应的特点及其关系.方法:从北京、保定和郑州随机选取287名1岁至8岁儿童的父母,运用故事情境法对这些父母进行访谈.结果:1.父母倾向于认为孩子的攻击行为与退缩行为不同,它是暂时的,而在"天性与环境"归因和目的性方面,这种差异很小.2.父母关于攻击行为持续性的归因与"天性与环境"、目的性的归因的归因之间相关显著,关于退缩行为持续性的归因与关于"天性与环境"的归因相关显著.3.父母对孩子行为的归因与他们对孩子的情绪反应密切相关.他们越倾向于将这种行为归因于与环境有关的、会持续下去的、孩子可以控制的因素,对消极社会行为所产生的消极情绪越强.结论:父母对儿童的攻击行为与退缩行为的归因既有相似之处,又有不同之处,它们都与父母的情绪反应具有密切的关系.     

Aggression and the composition of conflicting pairs in green monkeys

Aggressive behavior was studied in green monkeys kept in two groups in corrals in the Adler Primate Center. Studies addressed the effects of the composition of conflicting pairs, the nature of the relationship, relatedness, and hierarchical relationships between antagonists on the intensity and structure of their aggressive interactions. The frequency of contact aggression was found to be essentially independent of the composition of the conflicting pairs. At the same time, the frequency of non-contact aggressive events was sensitive to such factors of the conflicting pairs as the gender assignments of antagonists, membership of one or another maternal line, quality of relationships, and social ranking. __________ Translated from Rossiiskii Fiziologicheskii Zhurnal imeni I. M. Sechenova, Vol. 92, No. 8, pp. 984–989, August, 2006.     

Metabolism of Biogenic Amines in Rat Brain during Pilocarpine-Induced Aggression

Quantitative distribution of bioactive substances in the brain of aggressive rats was studied. The norepinephrine/serotonin ratio increased in the temporal and parietal lobes, hypothalamus, and hippocampus of killer rats. The open filed behavior of aggressive rats is characterized by a long latency period, low locomotor activity, and slow movements. Exposure to constant darkness aggravated abnormal behavioral characteristics of aggressive rats. Serotonin content in the hypothalamus and visual cortex of these rats decreased by 75 and 76%, respectively.     

职场人际关系攻击问卷的编制

目的:编制职场人际关系攻击问卷,并检验其信效度。方法:通过查阅文献、访谈等方法编制项目,采用便利抽样法选取武汉市某两所企业85名在职员工为初试,通过项目分析和探索性因素分析确定项目后,再选取武汉市某5所单位的408名在职员工为重测对象,确定问卷的信度和效度。结果:探索性因素分析结果表明,问卷由18个项目构成,包含直接攻击、间接攻击、直接受害和间接受害4个因素,可以解释总变异的61.649%,验证性因素分析表明,问卷有良好的结构效度(χ2/df=1.971,GFI=0.912,NFI=0.937,RMR=0.024,RMSEA=0.071),总量表的内部一致性系数为0.893,各分问卷的内部一致性系数在0.830~0.855之间,总量表和各分问卷的重测信度在0.82~0.90之间。结论:本研究编制的职场人际关系攻击问卷的心理测量学指标良好,可作为职场关系攻击的测量工具。     

Behavior Genetics of Canine Aggression: Behavioral Phenotyping of Golden Retrievers by Means of an Aggression Test

Molecular genetic analysis of complex traits such as aggression strongly depends on careful phenotyping of individuals. When studying canine aggression, the information provided by the owners of the dogs is often not detailed and reliable enough for this purpose. Therefore we subjected 83 golden retrievers, both aggressive and nonaggressive individuals, to a behavioral test. These tests were analyzed with help of an ethogram, resulting in a behavioral profile for each of the dogs. In this article three methods are described of converting these profiles into a measure of behavioral phenotype. The usefulness of the methods is evaluated by comparing the test results with information provided by owners. Moreover, the hypothesis underlying all these methods, that a lowered threshold for aggressive behavior in general is present in the dogs, is also evaluated. Future research will need to reveal whether the methods meet the high standards that are necessary for studying complex traits.     

Sexual Aggression in Mice: Effects of Male Strain and of Female Estrous State

We have observed that 50% of FVB/NtacfBR (FVB) males were aggressive toward females in tests of mating behavior. We decided to gather basic evidence for an effect of genotype on this behavior by testing for strain differences between FVB and C57BL/6J (B6) male mice. Also, hypotheses developed from theoretical work on sexually coercive behavior suggest there should be a cycling effect on sexually aggressive behavior (Smuts and Smuts, 1993). We tested for an estrous cycling effect by using stimulus females in a state of either estrus or diestrus. Both strains modulated mating behavior to female cycling state. Cycling state did not modulate B6 aggression. FVB males were more aggressive than B6 males, and cycling state modulated their behavior. We conclude that sexually aggressive male mice modulate aggressive behavior to female social signals and indicate how this data can be used to study the genetics of sexual aggression.