双侧拇长展肌变异一例

拇长展肌起自桡骨、尺骨的背面和前臂骨间膜,走行于桡侧腕伸肌、指伸肌的深面和拇短伸肌的上方,在伸肌支持带深层,拇长展肌与拇短伸肌腱走行于同一个纤维鞘中,随后拇长展肌腱向下止于第一掌骨底,拇短伸肌腱止于拇指近节指骨底。我们在局解课上解剖一具男尸时发现一例双侧拇长展肌双肌腹、双肌腱变异。现详细报道如下。1拇长展肌的解剖双侧拇长展肌均于肌腹中下1/3处移行为双肌腹,以双肌腱止于第一掌骨底和大多角骨,分别命名为拇长展肌桡侧腱和拇长展肌尺侧腱。左侧拇长展肌在肌腹中下1/3处移行为双肌腹,拇短伸肌腱与拇长展肌尺侧肌腱共行于…     

桡侧腕伸肌多副腱伴肌腱融合变异一例

<正>在制作一成年男性右上肢标本时,见其桡侧腕长伸肌及桡侧腕短伸肌肌腱分支及融合变异,较罕[1]见,为增加国人解剖学数值,现报道如下。桡侧腕长伸肌起点正常,沿肱桡肌桡侧下行,在距起点92.18mm处分为主肌腹和副肌腹。主肌腹和主肌腱走行及止点正常。副肌腹沿主肌腱向远侧走行143.64mm后移行为长163.50mm,宽4.52mm,厚0.82mm的副肌腱。副肌腱沿主肌腱尺侧贴桡骨体向骨间缘绕行,在拇长展肌与拇短伸肌腱深面绕向背     

尺侧腕伸肌-拇短伸肌腱移位重建拇对掌功能的应用解剖

目的:研究拇对掌肌、拇短展肌的解剖学特点,探讨符合人体生物力学的拇对掌功能重建的方法。方法:对20侧新鲜成人上肢标本,解剖拇对掌肌、拇短展肌,并建立尺侧腕伸肌-拇短伸肌移位重建拇对掌功能的手术模型。结果:拇短展肌肌纤维方向沿第1掌骨纵轴方向,拇对掌肌肌纤维方向与第1掌骨成一定角度。尺侧腕伸肌-拇短伸肌移位后,测量拇指远侧横纹中点到第3掌骨长轴与掌远侧横纹交点之间的最大距离可达(5.9±0.7)cm。结论(:1)尺侧腕伸肌长度、肌力足以重建拇对掌功能,拇短伸肌腱止点恒定,联合移位后其作用方向与拇短展肌方向一致,且旋前角度足够。(2)以尺侧腕伸肌-拇短伸肌移位重建拇对掌功能是一种符合拇对掌功能生物力学的简单有效的方法。     

桡侧腕短伸肌双副腱1例

作者在解剖1例成年男性标本时,发现其右桡侧腕短伸肌双副腱变异（图1）.现报道如下：     

双侧拇长展肌、拇短伸肌变异一例

作者在解剖操作中于一男性尸体上发现一例双侧拇长展肌双肌腹、三肌腱,拇长展肌肌腹与拇短伸肌肌腹相融合变异,与早前报道的一例相关变异案例相比[1],此变异的肌腱数移行为3根（早前报道的为2根）,同时出现了两肌肌腹融合的情况（早前报道并未涉及）,故此变异类型较为罕见,现报道如下。1一般资料左侧拇长展肌（图1）于肌腹中下1/3处分出第     

左前臂异常屈肌一例

解剖1具62岁男性标本时发现左前臂肌群中有2块异常屈肌,为积累国人肌变异资料,现报道如下. 桡侧变异屈肌和尺侧变异屈肌在肱骨内上髁下方起于指浅屈肌肱尺头的深面,肌腹向下分为2个头,移行后分别以长、短两腱止于指深屈肌腱和拇长屈肌腱上.桡侧变异屈肌肌腹、肌腱较短,该肌全长115 mm,其中肌腱长15 mm;尺侧变异屈肌肌腹...     

拇展肌与拇收肌移位吻接术前、后黏弹性实验研究

研究了正常拇展肌、拇收肌拉伸黏弹性力学性质和模拟拇外翻拇展肌、拇收肌移位吻接术后拇展肌和拇收肌的拉伸黏弹性力学性质.取20个足标本,解剖后暴露拇展肌与拇收肌,得出拉伸应力松弛、蠕变等数据.对断裂后的拇收肌和拇展肌模拟临床手术进行移位吻接,对10个拇展肌和10个拇收肌标本做腱与腱吻接,另各取10个拇收肌、拇展肌标本做了腱与骨膜吻接.对吻接后的标本进行拉伸实验,得出了吻接术后各组拉伸应力松弛、蠕变曲线.以回归分析的方法处理实验数据,得出了归一化应力松弛、蠕变曲线及归一化应力松弛函数和归一换化蠕变函数.     

模拟足拇展肌与拇收肌移位吻接术生物力学性质实验研究

研究了正常拇展肌、拇收肌拉伸力学性质和模拟拇外翻拇展肌，拇收肌移位吻接术后拇展肌和拇收肌的力学性质。取10个足标本，解剖后暴露拇展肌与拇收肌，将标本固定于电子万能试验机底座上，由钢丝绳吊钩沿拇收肌、拇展肌纵行方向钩住、钢丝绳上端固定于试验机上夹头上，驱动机器，对标本施加拉应力，直至拇收肌或拇展肌断裂，得出拉伸最大载荷、应力、应变等数据。对断裂后的拇收肌和拇展肌模拟临床手术进行移位吻接，10个拇展肌标本做了腱与腱移位吻接，另取10个拇收肌标本做了腱与腱吻接，10个拇收肌标本做了腱与骨膜吻接。分别对吻接后的标本进行拉伸实验，分别得出了吻接术后各组的拉伸最大载荷、应力、应变等数据和曲线。 以多项式，用最小二乘法得出了各组标本的应力-变关系表达式及应力应变曲线。实验结果表明，拇收肌的应力与拇展肌接近。拇收肌应变大于拇展肌。模拟临床手术拇展肌腱与腱吻合拉伸强度大于拇收肌腱与腱吻合。应变小于拇收肌腱与腱吻合，拇收肌移位腱与骨膜吻接强度低于腱与腱吻合，二者应变较接近。得出了一些重要结论。对实验结果进行分析讨论。     

示指伸肌缺如1例

<正>在制作一左上肢肌肉标本过程中,见其示指伸肌缺如图。为积累国人肌肉变异资料,现报道如下(图)。1正常示指伸肌起自拇长伸肌远侧的桡、尺骨背面及邻近的骨间膜,其肌腱与指伸肌肌腱一起通过伸肌支持带深面,穿过伸肌腱鞘,在第掌骨头对面2与到示指的指伸肌腱尺侧部联合。该标本前臂后群肌指伸肌深面和拇长伸肌内侧无起自桡、尺骨至示     

迷走肝总动脉伴胃小弯侧动脉变异一例

解剖1具62岁男性标本时发现左前臂肌群中有2块异常屈肌,为积累国人肌变异资料,现报道如下. 桡侧变异屈肌和尺侧变异屈肌在肱骨内上髁下方起于指浅屈肌肱尺头的深面,肌腹向下分为2个头,移行后分别以长、短两腱止于指深屈肌腱和拇长屈肌腱上.桡侧变异屈肌肌腹、肌腱较短,该肌全长115 mm,其中肌腱长15 mm;尺侧变异屈肌肌腹较短,肌腱较长,该肌全长265 mm,其中肌腹长125 mm,肌腱长140 mm,肌腱与指深屈肌腱伴行,穿腕管后与指深屈肌腱融合.     

Level of functioning of siblings and parents of probands of varying degrees of retardation

A further analysis of already published data supports the position that retardates of low ability level less frequently have retarded siblings, retarded parents, and parents low in occupational level than do retardates higher in ability level. The analysis supports the position that there are two types of retarded individuals, persons retarded as a result of gene or chromosomal anomalies, brain injury, etc., who more frequently occur in the lower-level retardate group, and persons whose retardation represents polygenic segregation, who more frequently occur in the higher-level group.     

Modes of Inheritance of Errors of Refraction

Eighteen families in which both parents had refractions within the range of +4·0 D to −4·0 D and axial lengths seen in emmetropia (22·3-26·0 mm) showed coefficients of correlation of the order 0·5 indicative of polygenic inheritance. Such coefficients were seen for axial length (0·407) and for the cornea (0·487), but not for the lens (which is known to be yoked to the axial length). No such coefficients were seen in 19 families in which one of the parents had axial length outside the emmetropic range (nine families with long axes and 10 with short axes).

The pattern of polygenic inheritance for emmetropia (completely correlated optical components) and errors of refraction up to 4·0 D (inadequately correlated components: correlation ametropia) follows that seen in stature and other measurable characters. In contrast the high refractive errors with their abnormal axial lengths (component ametropia) are—like the extremes in stature—pathological anomalies with monofactorial inheritance.