医疗保险、非医疗保险单纯性脑梗塞医疗费用比较

沈阳市2002年初开始启动城镇职工医疗保险（以下简称医保）。随着医保工作的广泛开展。医保病人的医疗费用已成为病人、医院以及医保公司共同关注的问题。现对沈阳市两所三级甲等、医保定点医院3年来所收治的医保和非医保病人单纯性脑梗塞医疗费用进行比较分析，以掌握医保病人费用特点，更好地开展医疗保险工作。     

基于分级诊疗视角的病人和医保费用负担调查分析

摘要：目的：了解广西各级医疗机构费用情况，为落实分级诊疗制度，减轻病人与医保负担提出建议。方法：采用描述统计分析方法分析医疗费用、单病种费用、医保报销在市、县、乡三级医疗机构的情况。结果：不同级别医疗机构医保报销比例和起付线之间的差距对分流病人起的作用不大，但各级机构医疗费用差异较大，相同病种市级医院平均费用比县级医院高58.33%，病人与医保费用负担大。建议：加强基层医疗机构的能力建设，适当拉开各级医疗机构医保报销比例的差距，引导患者县域内就医，减轻病人与医保费用负担。     

南方某城市不同医疗保险政策对医疗服务的影响分析

目的描述比较2003～2010年南方某市综合医保、住院医保、农民工医保和少儿医保政策下医疗服务的差异,探讨不同医保政策对医疗服务的影响,为医疗保险管理部门提供控制策略。方法从南方某市医保局获得2003～2010年该市医疗服务费用数据,把费用分成门诊、住院两部分,通过对各种医保类型患者的总费用（药品费用、诊疗费用）、人均费用（药品费用、诊疗费用）、均次费用（药品费用、诊疗费用）的比较,发现各医保类型的费用变化趋势和差异,分析不同参保类型对医疗服务的影响。结果不同医保患者的门诊费用、住院费用中的总费用（药品费用、诊疗费用）、人均费用（药品费用、诊疗费用）、均次费用（药品费用、诊疗费用）差异均有统计学意义,综合医保各项指标较高,农民工医保各项指标较低。结论综合医保的各项指标著高于其他类型,农民工医保各项指标较低。要注意控制综合医保的医疗费用,提高农民工医保的医疗服务水平。在门诊费用控制中要注意控制比例较高的药品费用。     

欢迎订阅《中国卫生质量管理》杂志

为了加强医保费用的管理和使用，上海市医保局对医院实行了医保费用总额控制的政策，对医院管理而言，如何以有限的资金解决许多大病、危重病人耗费的高额费用，面临着一个不可避免的难题，现将我院2002年收治人院的7502例医保病人中费用超过5万元的患78人（1％）的情况加以分析，以寻求可能节约医保费用的有效途径。     

基于分级诊疗视角的病人和医保费用负担调查分析

目的了解广西各级医疗机构费用情况,为落实分级诊疗制度,减轻病人与医保负担提出建议。方法采用描述统计分析方法分析医疗费用、单病种费用、医保报销在市、县、乡三级医疗机构的情况。结果不同级别医疗机构医保报销比例和起付线之间的差距对分流病人起的作用不大,但各级机构医疗费用差异较大,相同病种市级医院平均费用比县级医院高58.33%,病人与医保费用负担大。结论加强基层医疗机构的能力建设,适当拉开各级医疗机构医保报销比例的差距,引导患者县域内就医,可减轻病人和医保的费用负担。     

医院如何降低医保病人支付比例

通过降低医疗费用来降低医保病人的支付比例是医院、医保中心和医保病人的共同需求。湘雅三医院通过领导重视、全院参与；加强医保政策的宣传；狠抓落实合理使用抗生素；加强职业道德教育；加强高新尖治疗手段审批；控制出院带药来降低医保病人的支付比例。     

长沙市城镇居民医保儿童1279例患者住院情况分析

目的 了解长沙市城镇居民参加基本医疗保险儿童患病住院及其医疗费用情况. 方法 对湖南省儿童医院2008年1-12月收治长沙市参加基本医疗保险儿童患者1 279例住院情况及其医疗费用的构成状况进行分析,即对患者的性别、年龄、住院次数、住院时间、疾病、人均住院费用、床日费用、药品比例、完全自费比例、个人自付比例、医保统筹基金支付比例等情况进行统计分析. 结果医保儿童患病住院的床日费用、次均费用、药品比例低于医保政策的规定,病人满意度增加. 结论实施城镇居民医保制度,给城居儿童患者带来福音.医院通过全面加强医保管理,督促医保制度的落实,规范医疗服务行为,提高技术水平.真正做到了减轻患者住院医疗费用负担,保障医保患者的切身利益,提高城镇居民儿童参保的积极性,促进医院稳步和可持续发展.     

基于疗效评价探究DIP对医生诊疗行为的影响△

目的： 探索按病种分值付费方式改革对三甲公立医院医生医疗行为的影响，为医院更快、更好适应医保付费模式改革提供建议。方法： 采用问卷调查及回顾性分析方法，对临床医生的医疗行为和看法进行分析。收集分析该院DIP付费改革前（2023年6月）和改革后（7月）带状疱疹病历各50份。结果： 改革前后的异地就医情况、检查费用、药物费用、治疗效果、住院天数等医疗行为无显著差异；问卷调查结果显示临床医生对按病种分值付费改革的认知度与认可度有待加强，需要开展针对性培训。结论： 医保部门应考虑建立复杂病例付费模式；医院应加强编码人员以及临床医疗工作者的相关培训，提升病案质量及填写规范，增强对医保付费改革的认知度与认可度；卫生部门应加强医保支付与医疗行为的监管。     

医保病人高费用原因分析及对策

2003年无锡市第二人民医院共完成门急诊工作量75万人次，收治住院病人2．4万人次，其中医保门诊人次占全年门急诊量的42．8％，医保住院病人占全年收治住院病人的47．2％。在医疗过程中，发现部分医保病人的费用明显偏高，且医疗总费用以及药品费用占医疗费用的比例明显超过了医院所规定的定额和比例，现将原因及对策分析如下。     

医保患者和自费患者住院医疗费用比较分析

目的:通过对医保患者和自费患者住院医疗费用比较分析,了解不同支付方式下病人住院费用构成,在保证医疗质量的前提下,控制医疗成本,降低病人负担,使有限的卫生资源得到合理优效使用.方法:从社会人口学特征、住院情况以及住院费用构成3个方面,对医保患者和自费患者住院数据进行分析处理和比较,并采用非参数检验对自费和医保病人的各项费用进行差异性分析.结果:自费患者住院医疗费用的中位数为8 886元,较医保患者高2 115元;药费在住院费用中所占比例最大.结论:应深化医药卫生体制改革,规范医疗服务行为,充分利用社区卫生服务资源,控制医疗费用.     

上海市流动人口孕产妇平产分娩点工作及其效果

目的：为了了解上海市流动人口孕产妇平产分娩点工作及其效果和为改进工作提供依据。方法：采用回顾性调查方法对10个分娩点设立1年期间工作情况分别从服务者、服务对象、服务记录等不同方面进行调查。结果：（1）分娩点的床位数增加，使用率达99．6％，投入资金增加；（2）分娩点在1年期间共接产外来产妇12529，比同期增加248．41％；（3）分娩点中外来孕产妇接受产前检查率、孕期健康教育率、产后访视率和产后42天检查率分别为79．5％，33．9％，37．O％和59，5％，均显著低于本市户籍孕产妇；（4）分娩点外来孕产妇平均住院时间为70小时，22．65％享受规定的限价服务。结论：10个流动人口分娩点的设立吸引了更多的外来孕产妇住院分娩，优质的服务对保障母婴安全发挥了积极的作用，但如何把保健关口前移和开展全程保健，落实早孕保健、产前检查和产后随访等与户籍孕产妇同样的孕产期系统保健需要社会各部门的共同关注和携手努力。     

中国的医疗卫生事业

  目的  了解山西省中老年居民住院治疗和门诊治疗医疗消费和医疗保险的使用情况以及影响医疗费用支出和医疗保险使用的因素。  方法  于2016年7月对山西省1 100名 ≥ 45岁的居民进行横断面调查。  结果  在调查前的1年时间里,分别有852人（87.65 %）和620人（63.78 %）接受了住院治疗和门诊治疗,分别有73人（8.57 %）和365人（58.87 %）在住院治疗和门诊治疗中未使用医疗保险;住院治疗者不使用保险的最主要原因是没有参加保险（39.7 %）,门诊治疗者不使用保险的最主要原因是治疗费用不包括在保险使用范围内（47.4 %）;两种治疗方式下,使用保险者的临床治疗费用和治疗总费用均明显高于不使用保险者;年龄、受教育程度、户口类型以及就诊医院类型选择影响医疗保险的使用;职业、就诊医院类型、是否有慢性病、平均个人收入、住院治疗的次数、教育程度和婚姻状况会影响医疗费用的支出。  结论  社会人口学特点会影响中老年居民在治疗过程中费用水平与保险使用情况;建议社保部门加快推进医保制度整合,提高医保使用效率。     

Update: Health Insurance and Utilization of Care Among Rural Adolescents

CONTEXT: Adolescence is critical for the development of adult health habits. Disparities between rural and urban adolescents and between minority and white youth can have life-long consequences. PURPOSE: To compare health insurance coverage and ambulatory care contacts between rural minority adolescents and white and urban adolescents. METHODS: Cross-sectional design using data from the 1999-2000 National Health Interview Survey, a nationally representative sample of US households. Analysis was restricted to white, black, and Hispanic children aged 12 through 17 (8,503 observations). Outcome measures included health insurance, ambulatory visit within past year, usual source of care (USOC), and well visit within past year. Independent variables included race, residence, demographics, facilitating/enabling characteristics, and need. RESULTS: Across races, rural adolescents were as likely to have insurance (86.8% vs 87.7%) but less likely to report a preventive visit (60.1% vs 65.5%) than urban children; residence did not affect the likelihood of a visit or a USOC. Minority rural adolescents were less likely than whites to be insured, report a visit, or have a USOC. Most race-based differences were not significant in multivariate analysis holding constant living situation, caretaker education, income, and insurance. Low caretaker English fluency, limited almost exclusively to Hispanics, was an impediment to all outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: Most barriers to care among rural and minority youth are attributable to factors originating outside the health care system, such as language, living situation, caretaker education, and income. A combination of outreach activities and programs to enhance rural schools and economic opportunities will be needed to improve coverage and utilization among adolescents.     

中国社区卫生服务机构与医院协调发展战略

根据国务院要“构建城市医院与社区卫生服务机构分工合理、配合密切、互为补充、双向转诊的新型城市医疗服务体系”的意见，笔者在分析医疗机构为构建社会主义和谐社会作出了巨大的成就，主要表现在五大方面成绩的基础上，探讨了医疗卫生事业突出的问题。并就社区卫生服务的成绩和问题进行了讨论。认为中国卫生事业的发展要在医院和社区两个方面进行协同。笔者根据研究的结果创建了医院和社区改革可持续发展要考虑的模式一“54321”模式，基本含义是：5定：首诊医院（社区）、基本医疗项目质量和费用、公共卫生项目质量和费用、医疗保险费用（健康保险）、服务人群。4付：政府、保险、医院（社区）、个人方付费。3督：政府、居民、社会（第三方）。2转：首诊医院（社区）和医院双向转诊。1考：1年1次考核。     

Risk indicators for hospitalization during the last year of life.

OBJECTIVE. High levels of hospital expenditures for older people during their last year of life are widely documented. However, evidence of the association between prospectively measured indicators and subsequent hospitalization is sparse. This article investigates the pattern of hospitalization for a sample of Medicare enrollees during their last year of life. DATA SOURCES. Data from the Longitudinal Study of Aging, a national study of persons age 70 and older, are used. Only data on decedents are used. STUDY DESIGN. We determine individual characteristics (including functional status, evidence of disease, living arrangement, and prior hospitalization) shortly before the last year of life. A distinction is made between terminal and nonterminal admissions. National estimates and regression analyses using survey weights are conducted. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS. The likelihood of any use is high regardless of age, functional status, or the presence of major diseases. Although only a few indicators are associated with having a terminal stay, a number of indicators are associated with nonterminal use. Nonterminal stays and total nights hospitalized are positively associated with prior evidence of disease, prior hospitalization, and age, although the probability of nonterminal use decreases with age for persons over 82 years old. The relationship between use and functional status depends on whether persons lived alone, were institutionalized, or had private health insurance. CONCLUSIONS. This study demonstrates that while it is difficult to predict who will be admitted to the hospital at the time of death, a number of characteristics existing before the last year of life are associated with nonterminal hospitalization and total nights hospitalized during the last year of life.     

新疆某医院不同医保老年住院患者费用分析

目的 通过比较新疆某三级医院职工医保与居民医保老年人住院费用及报销水平的差别，发现存在的问题，为进一步完善医保相关政策提供建议。方法 选取两种医保住院老年人为研究对象，对其住院及医保报销费用数据进行分析，比较不同医保老年人住院费用及其医保报销的差别。结果 两种医保老年人的住院疾病都以慢性病为主，次均住院天数、住院费用、医保统筹基金报销，个人负担等具有显著性差异。结论 老年人住院费用高，医院应从住院天数、药品费用方面重点监控；医保部门应重点监管医保药品目录外药品的使用，在报销政策上要考虑年龄因素的影响，适当提高老年人慢病的门诊可报费用标准；提高居民医保的报销水平，以减轻居民医保老年人的经济负担。     

2015-2019年广西城乡居民医疗保险卫生服务利用与医保待遇水平分析

目的:对2015-2019年广西城乡居民医疗保险卫生服务利用与医保待遇水平进行分析,探索其存在的问题并提出相应建议。方法:从不同主体的普通门急诊、门诊大病、住院的次均就诊费用及平均住院日和相对应的统筹支付占比等指标来描述分析广西2015-2019年城乡居民医疗保险卫生服务利用和医保待遇水平情况;结果:普通门急诊、门诊大病和住院的次均费用的年均增长率变化区间分别为-3.49%~8.38%、2.93%~31.41%和-3.36%~10.42%;其中,总体门诊大病次均就诊费用、大学生、学生儿童、三级医院和异地就医门诊大病次均就诊费用年均增长率分别为9.39%、31.41%、13.39%、13.01%和23.7%;平均住院日年均降幅在4.5%-10.26%之间。总统筹支付占比在37.82%~59.44%之间。结论:门诊大病费用增长较快;平均住院床日有效缩短;保障待遇水平应加强费用控制,减少患者就医中的不合理开支。     

A description of outpatient drug use in rural China: evidence of differences due to insurance coverage

This paper describes the effects of health financing systems (insurance) on outpatient drug use in rural China. 1320 outpatients were interviewed (exit interview) in the randomly selected county, township and village health care facilities in five counties in three provinces of central China. The interview was face to face. Questions were asked by a trained interviewer and were answered by patient him/herself. The main finding was that health insurance appeared to influence drug use in outpatient services. The average number of drugs per visit was 2·56 and drug expenditures per visit was 16·9 yuan. Between insured and uninsured (out‐of‐pocket) groups, there were significant differences in the number of drugs and drug expenditures per visit. The insured had a lower number of drugs and a higher drug expenditure per visit than the uninsured, implying the use of more expensive drugs per visit than the uninsured. There were also significant differences in the number of drugs and drug expenditures per visit between the types of insurance. One third of the drugs were anti‐infectives, most of which were penicillin, gentamycin and sulfonamides. The results imply that uninsured patients do not receive the same care as the insured do even if they have the same needs. The fee‐for‐service financing for hospitals and health insurance have changed health providers' and consumers' behaviour and resulted in the increase of medical expenditure. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Children with Special Health Care Needs: How Immigrant Status is Related to Health Care Access,Health Care Utilization,and Health Status

To compare health care access, utilization, and perceived health status for children with SHCN in immigrant and nonimmigrant families. This cross-sectional study used data from the 2003 California Health Interview Survey to identify 1404 children (ages 0–11) with a special health care need. Chi-square and logistic regression analyses were used to examine relations between immigrant status and health access, utilization, and health status variables. Compared to children with special health care needs (CSHCN) in nonimmigrant families, CSHCN in immigrant families are more likely to be uninsured (10.4 vs. 4.8%), lack a usual source of care (5.9 vs. 1.9%), report a delay in medical care (13.0 vs. 8.1%), and report no visit to the doctor in the past year (6.8 vs. 2.6%). They are less likely to report an emergency room visit in the past year (30.0 vs. 44.0%), yet more likely to report fair or poor perceived health status (33.0 vs. 16.0%). Multivariate analyses suggested that the bivariate findings for children with SHCN in immigrant families largely reflected differences in family socioeconomic status, parent’s language, parental education, ethnicity, and children’s insurance status. Limited resources, non-English language, and limited health-care use are some of the barriers to staying healthy for CSHCN in immigrant families. Public policies that improve access to existing insurance programs and provide culturally and linguistically appropriate care will likely decrease health and health care disparities for this population.