抗CD8单抗与抗CD40L单抗联合应用对小鼠心脏移植后慢性排斥反应的影响

目的 探讨干预慢性迟发性超敏反应（DTH）与CD8^＋T淋巴细胞的细胞毒等效应机制对同种小鼠心脏移植后慢性排斥反应的影响。方法 建立小鼠颈部异位心脏移植模型，实验组以BALB／c小鼠为供者，C57BL／6小鼠为受者，术后0、2、6及14d腹腔注射抗CD8单克隆抗体（抗CD8单抗）200μg／d，术后0、2及4d腹腔注射抗CD40L单克隆抗体（抗CD40L单抗）250μg／d；同系移植对照组供、受者均为BALB／C小鼠，术后同期腹腔注射等量生理盐水；同种移植对照组以BALWc小鼠为供者，C57BL／6小鼠为受者，术后不使用上述单抗。观察各组移植心的存活时间及移植心组织病理学变化。结果同种移植对照组移植心的平均存活时间为7．3d；实验组与同系移植对照组移植心的存活时间均超过60d。同种移植对照组移植心呈典型急性排斥反应病理学改变；同系移植对照组移植心组织未见明显病理变化；实验组移植心呈现血管周围炎、间质纤维化和血管内膜增生等慢性排斥反应组织病理改变。结论 清除CD8^＋T淋巴细胞和阻断CD40／CD40L通路的处理方案虽可预防急性排斥反应，显著延长移植心的存活时间，但并不能阻止慢性排斥反应的发生。     

阻断OX40和CD40协同共刺激信号延长小鼠胰岛移植物存活时间

目的 研究阻断OX40/OX40L和CD40/CD154L协同共刺激通路对小鼠胰岛移植物存活的影响及其机制.方法 以DBA/2小鼠为供者,C57BL/6小鼠为受者,制作胰岛移植模型.受鼠分为4组.(1)对照组,注射IgG; (2)抗OX40组,注射抗OX40L单克隆抗体;(3)抗CD154组,注射抗CD154单克隆抗体;(4)联合治疗组,注射抗OX40L单克隆抗体和抗CD1 54单克隆抗体.记录各组胰岛移植物平均存活时间(MST).将CD154敲除小鼠处死,取其脾脏T淋巴细胞,体外检测活化T淋巴细胞表面OX40的表达;在活化T淋巴细胞中加入不同浓度的抗OX40L单克隆抗体,体外检测T淋巴细胞增殖情况.结果 对照组胰岛移植物MST为19 d,抗CD154组胰岛移植物MST为48 d(P＜0.05);抗OX40组胰岛移植物MST为22 d,与前两组相比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);联合治疗组胰岛移植物MST＞ 150 d,高于另外3组(P＜0.05).66％的胞表达OX40,较初始T淋巴细胞的表达率高(2％,P＜0.05);加入抗OX40L单克隆抗体后,T淋巴细胞增殖受抑制且呈剂量依赖性.结论 阻断OX40/OX40L和CD40/CD154L双通路可诱导小鼠胰岛移植物长期存活, 其发挥作用的关键机制是抑制了T淋巴细胞的增殖.     

联合阻断CD28/B7与CD40/CD40L共刺激通路诱导抗原特异性免疫耐受

目的探讨阻断CD28／B7与CD40／CD40L共刺激通路对同种异体小鼠移植心脏存活时间的影响及其机理。方法实验分4组进行，均以C57BL／6小鼠为受者，BALB／c小鼠为供者，施行腹部异位心脏移植，根据分组要求，MR1组于移植当天静脉内注射抗CD40L单克隆抗体（MR1抗体）0．25mg／d，移植后第2、4天改为腹腔注射0．25mg／d；抗B7组于移植当天至术后第4天腹腔内注射抗B7—1和抗B7—2抗体各0．1nag／d；联合处理组术后联合使用MR1抗体和抗B7抗体，二者的用法同MR1组和抗B7组；对照组术后不使用任何抗体。记录各组移植心的存活时间；移植后60d时对移植心脏组织行病理学检查。联合处理组的受者于心脏移植后150d分别接受供者来源（BALWc小鼠）及无关供者来源（C3H小鼠）的皮肤移植，对照组的受者也同时接受两种皮肤移植，术后不进行处理，术后观察移植皮片的存活时间。结果对照组移植心脏存活时间为（7．86±1．57）d，与对照组比较，MR1组、抗B7组和联合处理组的移植心脏存活时间均得到显著延长，但联合处理组延长最为明显，均超过150d；MR1组和抗B7组移植心脏组织病理学检查均呈慢性排斥反应改变，而联合处理组未见明显慢性排斥反应征象。联合处理组移植的供者来源皮肤存活时间均超过50d，而无关供者来源的皮肤则被很快排斥；对照组两种来源的皮肤移植后存活时间均较短。结论联合阻断CD28／B7与CD40／CD40L共刺激通路可延长移植心脏存活时间，诱导出抗原特异性免疫耐受。     

RNA干扰阻断B7/CD28共刺激通路在小鼠心脏移植中的抗排斥作用

目的探讨RNA干扰(RNAi)技术阻断B7/CD28共刺激通路对小鼠异体心脏移植排斥反应的影响及其机制。方法经体外转录合成针对CD80 mRNA和CD86 mRNA序列特异性小片段干扰RNA(siRNA),转染供者骨髓来源的树突状细胞(DC),半定量逆转录聚合酶链反应、流式细胞仪检测DC转染CD80siRNA、CD86siRNA前后CD80 mRNA和CD86 mRNA的表达水平以及细胞表面CD80及CD86的表达情况。在小鼠异位心脏移植前7d．经静脉给受者输注经siRNA干扰后的DC(干扰DC组),同时设立同种异体对照组、环孢素A(CsA)治疗组(术后皮下注射CsA 5 mg/d)、同系移植对照组和未干扰DC组(移植前输注未转染DC),观察各组移植心脏的存活时间,对移植物的排斥反应进行病理分级,并测定移植物组织中白细胞介素2(IL-2)、γ干扰素(IFN-γ)及IL-10的mRNA表达水平。结果siRNA转染DC后,其CD80 mRNA及CD86 mRNA的表达受到明显抑制,CD80、CD86的阳性率分别由84%和67%下降至35%和30%。与同种异体对照组和未干扰DC组比较,干扰DC组移植心脏存活时间明显延长(P＜0．01),组织排斥反应病理分级显著降低(P <0．01),移植心脏组织中IL-2 mRNA和IFN-γmRNA的表达水平明显降低(P＜0．01),而IL-10 mRNA的表达水平明显升高(P＜0．01)。结论利用RNAi敲减供者骨髓来源的DC表面B7分子的表达,以阻断B7/CD28共刺激通路,具有抑制小鼠心脏移植排斥反应的作用,其机理可能是通过诱导T淋巴细胞无能并使T辅助细胞分化向T_H2型方向偏移。     

骨髓细胞胸腺内注射对移植肠CD4、 CD8和CD25的影响

目的 探讨异基因骨髓注射在大鼠小肠移植中的免疫耐受作用和意义.方法 选用近交系大鼠F344/N和Wistar/A进行全小肠异位移植,实验组在异基因移植前7d取供体BMC行受体胸腺内注入,对照单纯同基因及异基因大鼠移植模型了解异基因供体骨髓在受体胸腺内注射能否减少移植后急性排斥反应的发生,观察其生存时间、病理结果及CD4、CD8、CD25的变化.结果 (1)A组移植大鼠平均存活时间为(7.33±1.03) d;B组为(43.76 ±4.57) d;C组为(55.28±7.48)d.(2)异基因大鼠异位全小肠移植术后3、7、15 d可出现典型的轻、中、重度排斥反应,而同基因组和实验组中未出现排斥反应.(3)异基因移植组术后CD4、CD25+,高于其他组(P＜0.05).而CD8的变化差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 移植术前7d异基因供体骨髓在受体胸腺内注射能显著减少小肠移植后急性排斥反应的发生,并可以抑制移植肠CD4、CD25细胞的表达.     

RNA干扰阻断BT／CD28共刺激通路在小鼠心脏移植中的抗排斥作用

目的探讨RNA干扰（RNAi）技术阻断B7／CD28共刺激通路对小鼠异体心脏移植排斥反应的影响及其机制。方法经体外转录合成针对CD80 mRNA和CD86 mRNA序列特异性小片段干扰RNA（siRNA），转染供者骨髓来源的树突状细胞（DC），半定量逆转录聚合酶链反应、流式细胞仪检测DC转染CD80siRNA、CD86siRNA前后CD80 mRNA和CD86 mRNA的表达水平以及细胞表面CD80及CD86的表达情况。在小鼠异位心脏移植前7d，经静脉给受者输注经siRNA干扰后的DC（干扰DC组），同时设立同种异体对照组、环孢素A（CsA）治疗组（术后皮下注射CsA 5mg／d）、同系移植对照组和未干扰DC组（移植前输注未转染DC），观察各组移植心脏的存活时间，对移植物的排斥反应进行病理分级，并测定移植物组织中白细胞介素2（IL-2）、γ干扰素（IFN-γ）及IL-10的mRNA表达水平。结果siRNA转染DC后，其CD80 mRNA及CD86 mRNA的表达受到明显抑制，CD80、CD86的阳性率分别由84％和67％下降至35％和30％。与同种异体对照组和未干扰DC组比较，干扰DC组移植心脏存活时间明显延长（P〈0．01），组织排斥反应病理分级显著降低（P〈0．01），移植心脏组织中IL-2 mRNA和IFN-γ mRNA的表达水平明显降低（P〈0．01），而IL-10 mRNA的表达水平明显升高（P〈0．01）。结论利用RNAi敲减供者骨髓来源的DC表面B7分子的表达，以阻断BT／CD28共刺激通路，具有抑制小鼠心脏移植排斥反应的作用，其机理可能是通过诱导T淋巴细胞无能并使T辅助细胞分化向Tn2型方向偏移。     

抗CD40L单克隆抗体在异种胰岛移植排斥反应中的作用

目的 探讨抗CD40L单克隆抗体在异种胰岛移植排斥反应中的作用及其机理.方法 建立人-大鼠异种胰岛移植模型,用抗CD40L单克隆抗体进行干预治疗,观察糖尿病大鼠行异种胰岛移植后的血糖变化,糖尿病大鼠和移植物的生存情况及移植物病理形态学改变,采用 ELISA法检测糖尿病大鼠细胞因子IL-2和TNF-α水平的变化.结果 ①全部糖尿病大鼠在胰岛移植后第(2.3±0.2) d血糖降至正常,对照组血糖在移植后第(8.1±0.6) d开始明显升高,治疗组血糖在移植后第(18.5±1.2) d开始明显升高,明显晚于对照组(P＜0.01).②治疗组移植物存活时间[(22±8.2) d]较对照组[(10±2.1) d]显著延长(P＜0.01).③糖尿病大鼠生存时间,治疗组[(35±6.5) d]显著长于对照组[(21±5.7) d ],P＜0.05.④对照组在移植后第(3.2±0.3) d IL-2及TNF-α的水平均急剧上升,至移植后第(7.3±0.5) d达到高峰; 治疗组IL-2及TNF-α的水平在移植后第(22.6±1.7) d开始明显上升,至移植后第(28.5±2.2) d达到高峰,明显晚于对照组(P＜0.01).结论 抗CD40L单克隆抗体可抑制异种胰岛移植的排斥反应,延长受体大鼠和移植物的存活时间.     

供心体外转染腺病毒介导的CD40Ig融合基因延长小鼠移植心脏存活时间

目的探讨体外转染CD40Ig融合基因对小鼠移植心脏存活时间的影响。方法构建携带小鼠CD40胞外段和人IgGFc融合基因的重组腺病毒载体(AdCD40Ig),以BALB/c小鼠为供者,C57BL/6小鼠为受者,建立小鼠腹部异位心脏移植模型,实验组供心移植前在体外以AdCD40Ig灌注,转染CD40Ig基因,另设空载体转染对照组、非转染对照组和近交系对照组(供、受者均为近交系C57BL/6小鼠)。术后观察移植心的存活及移植物中炎症细胞浸润情况,采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测受者体内CD40Ig融合蛋白表达情况,流式细胞仪检测受者体内产生γ干扰素(IFN-γ)的脾细胞。结果实验组移植心的存活时间达(15.8±0.7)d,明显长于空载体转染对照组和非转染对照组(P<0.01)。术后第2d,实验组受者体内CD40Ig融合蛋白表达最高,1周后明显降低。术后第7d,实验组移植心组织中浸润的炎症细胞明显比未处理对照组和空载体对照组少。实验组产生IFN-γ的CD4+和CD8+T淋巴细胞分别为(2.18±0.16)%和(10.82±0.74)%,与近交系对照组接近,明显低于未处理对照组和空载体对照组(P<0.01)。结论供心体外转染CD40Ig融合基因可有效抑制移植后受者体内同种T淋巴细胞的增殖,并延长移植心的存活时间。     

输注转染FasL基因的供者树突状细胞减轻小鼠心脏移植排斥反应

目的 探讨转染FasL基因的供者树突状细胞(DC)对小鼠心脏移植排斥反应的影响.方法 分离并培养C57BL/6小鼠骨髓DC,然后采用脂质体法以自行构建的pTracer-FasL真核表达质粒转染DC.以C57BL/6小鼠为供者,Balb/c小鼠为受者,将其分为转染组(n=12)、未转染组(n=12)及移植对照组(n=12).转染组小鼠心脏移植前7 d经阴茎背静脉注射1×106个转染FasL基因的供者DC;未转染组小鼠心脏移植前7 d经阴茎背静脉注射1×106个未转染的供者DC;移植对照组仅行心脏移植,不接受供者DC输注.供心均移植于受者腹腔内.各组中,6只小鼠用于观察移植心脏存活时间,另6只于术后7 d处死,取移植心脏,进行组织学观察及移植心脏排斥反应病理分级.结果 转染组、未转染组和移植对照组小鼠移植心脏存活时间的中位数分别为20 d、8.5 d和9 d,转染组移植心脏的存活时间明显长于未转染组和移植对照组(P＜0.01).转染组中,2只排斥反应的病理分级为0级,4只为1级;未转染组中,2只为2级,4只为3级;移植对照组中,1只为2级,5只为3级.转染组排斥反应的病理分级明显低于移植对照组(P＜0.01).结论 受者于心脏移植前输注转染FasL基因的供者DC,可有效延长移植心脏的存活时间,并减轻排斥反应的程度.     

记忆性CD4+T淋巴细胞对小鼠腹腔移植心脏排斥反应的影响

目的 探讨记忆性CD4+T淋巴细胞对来自同一抗原特异性移植心脏急性排斥反应的影响.方法 将C57BL/6小鼠的皮肤移植给Balb/c小鼠,使其致敏,3个月后,取受者的脾脏,应用小鼠记忆性CD4+T淋巴细胞纯化试剂盒纯化记忆性CD4+T淋巴细胞.同时取未进行皮肤移植的Balb/c小鼠,同法获取非致敏CD4+T淋巴细胞.以C57BL/6小鼠为供者,正常Balb/c小鼠为受者,行腹腔心脏移植,移植前3周,实验组受者经阴茎背静脉注射记忆性CD4+T淋巴细胞;非致敏对照组受者经阴茎背静脉注射非致敏CD4+T淋巴细胞;空白对照组不注射任何T淋巴细胞.各组均于移植前1 d、移植当天及移植后1 d给予环孢素A.术后记录移植心脏存活时间;取移植心脏,进行病理学观察.结果 实验组、非致敏对照组和空白对照组移植心脏存活时间分别为(8.5±1.5)d、(25.7±5.5)d和(21.2±9.2)d,实验组明显短于另两组(P<0.05).移植心脏急性排斥反应的病理学分级,实验组为3.43±0.68,非致敏对照组为1.29±0.46,空白对照组为1.31±0.49,实验组病理学分级明显高于非致敏对照组和空白对照组(P<(0.05).结论 当记忆性CIN+T淋巴细胞再次接触同一抗原特异性的移植心脏时,可促进急性排斥反应的发生,且对常规剂量的环孢素A不敏感.     

表达IκBα突变体的树突状细胞对大鼠移植肾存活时间的影响

目的 观察IκBα突变体基因修饰的供体树突状细胞(IκBαM-Dc)对大鼠移植肾存活时间的影响.方法 利用重组腺病毒载体将IκBαM基因转染WF大鼠骨髓DC,流式细胞仪检测DC共刺激分子CD80、CD86表达.以wF大鼠为供体,Lewis大鼠为受体,行同种肾移植.术前7 d,受体输注供体IκBαM-DC作为IκBαM组,未输注IκBαM-DC的受体作为对照组,观察移植肾存活时间和术后肾功能变化.术后第14天检测受体T细胞对供体成熟DC及第三方大鼠成熟DC的反应性.结果 IκBαM明显抑制DC共刺激分子CD80、CD86表达.IκBαM组受体鼠移植肾存活时间为(32.5±7.8)d,较对照组移植肾存活时间(8.5±1.7)d明显延长(P<0.01);而其术后7 d血清肌酐为(57.3±8.2)μmol/L,较对照组血清肌酐(498.0±46.3)μmol/L明显减低.肾移植术后,IκBαM组受体T细胞对供体成熟DC反应明显低于对照组,而对第三方大鼠成熟DC的反应性与对照组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 表达IκBα突变体的供体树突状细胞能诱导受体大鼠T细胞对供体抗原的免疫低反应,显著延长大鼠移植肾存活时间.     

Neutralizing IL-7 Promotes Long-Term Allograft Survival Induced by CD40/CD40L Costimulatory Blockade

Memory T cells are somewhat resistant to immunosuppresion. They therefore pose a threat to inducing long‐term allograft survival. IL‐7 is essential for memory T‐cell generation. Here, we investigated whether neutralizing IL‐7 promotes allograft survival. We found that neutralizing IL‐7 alone did not significantly prolong allograft survival. However, blocking both IL‐7 and CD154 signaling synergistically prolonged allograft survival. In contrast, neutralizing IL‐2 failed to further prolong allograft survival induced by CD40/CD154 costimulatory blockade. Allospecific memory CD8+ T‐cell generation was severely impaired under the treatment of anti‐IL‐7 plus anti‐CD154 Ab while administering recombinant IL‐7 enhanced CD8+ memory generation even under donor‐specific transfusion plus anti‐CD154 Ab treatment. Neutralizing IL‐7, but not IL‐2, together with blocking CD154 synergistically suppressed the proliferation of naïve/effector CD8+ T cells infiltrating grafts. Nevertheless, neutralizing IL‐7 did not alter regulatory T‐cell generation while neutralizing IL‐2 suppressed their generation. Hence, targeting IL‐7 represents a new strategy to prolong allograft survival by acting on both naïve and memory T cells. Long‐term allograft survival may be achieved by neutralizing IL‐7 plus CD40/CD154 blockade, since CD40/CD154 costimulatory blockade prevents acute rejection while neutralizing IL‐7 suppresses the generation of memory T cells that persist and mediate late or chronic rejection.     

靶向CD40的shRNA干扰抗大鼠异体肢体移植急性排斥反应的实验研究

目的 探讨靶向CD40的RNA干扰对大鼠异体肢体移植急性排斥反应的影响. 方法以纯系SD大鼠为供体,纯系Wistar大鼠为受体,行同种异体右后肢移植.27只大鼠肢体移植后随机分为三组,A组:注射入梭华.Sofast.siCD40-2/pSilencer载体复合物600 μL;B组:注射Sofast-pSilencer4.1-CMV neo空载体复合物600 μL;C组:注射生理盐水600μL,以上均通过阴茎背静脉注射.观察移植物排斥反应征象及存活情况,并于第7天对产生免疫耐受大鼠进行混合淋巴细胞反应,同时进行组织学检查. 结果与B、C组相比,A组移植物发生排斥反应的时间及存活时间均显著延长,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01)(＞13 d),未见排斥反应征象;B、C组均于术后近期发牛排斥反应.A组大鼠对供体的淋巴细胞呈现低反应性,移植的供体同系大鼠的肢体得以存活. 结论术后不应用免疫抑制剂的情况下,靶向CD40的shRNA干扰可以抗大鼠异体肢体移植急性排斥反应.     

CD4+CD25+T细胞对同种异体小鼠心脏移植的免疫调节作用

目的 观察CD4+CD25+T细胞(Treg)对小鼠同种异体心脏移植的免疫调节作用.方法 流式细胞仪检测正常小鼠和胸腺切除+PC61小鼠淋巴结、脾脏和外周血的Treg的比例.将供体鼠BALB/C心脏移植到受体鼠B6腹腔内,观察对照组(n=6)、胸腺切除组(THY,n=8)、hCTLA4Ig组(n=8)、DST+hCTLA4Ig组(n=8)和THY+PC61+DST+hCTLA4Ig组(n=6)小鼠心脏移植后生存时间和移植心脏病理学检查.结果 正常B6小鼠淋巴结、脾脏和外周血的Treg的比例分别为5.1%、4.5%和1. 7%,明显高于胸腺切除+PC61处理组(1. 8%、1.7%、0.7%).移植心脏平均存活时间在对照组和胸腺切除组分别为(8.2±2.9)d和(7.6±3.0)d,两组间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);而在hCTLA4Ig组和DST+hCTLA4Ig组分别为(43.0±11.8)d和(135.0±29.7)d,均较对照组或胸腺切除组明显延长(P＜0.01);THY+PC61+DST+hCTLA4Ig组移植心脏平均存活时间(25.8±8.9)d,也明显较对照组明显延长,但短于hCTLA4Ig组和DST+hCTLA4Ig组(P＜0.01).DST+hCTLA4Ig组移植的心脏存活时间(135.0±29.7)d明显高于其他各组(P＜0.01),其病理组织学表现为间质内有较多的淋巴细胞浸润,伴毛细血管增生,管壁增厚,间质纤维化.结论 CD4+CD25+T细胞水平对同种异体心脏移植的免疫耐受具有免疫调节作用.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the immunoregulation effects of CD4 + CD25 + T cells in mice heart allograft transplantation. Methods Flow cytometry was used to analyze the contents of CD4 + CD25 +T regulatory cells (Tregs) of the lymph nodes, spleen and blood in the normal mice group and the thymusectomy (THY) + PC61 group. BALB/C mice served as the donors and C57BL/6 (B6) mice as the recipients. Five groups were established, including control group ( n = 6 ), THY group ( n = 8 ), hCTLA4Ig group ( n = 8 ), DST ( donor-specific T-depleted spleen cells) + hCTLA4Ig group ( n = 8) and THY + PC61+ DST + hCTLA4Ig group (n = 6). The survival time after heart allograft transplantation was observed and pathological examination was done in different groups. Results In control group, the rate of Tregs in lymph nodes, spleen and blood was 5. 1%, 4. 5% and 1.7% respectively, which was significantly higher than in THY + PC61 group ( 1. 8% , 1. 7% and 0. 7% respectively). The average survival time of control and THY groups was 8. 2 ± 2.9 and 7.6 ± 3. 0 days respectively ( P ＞ 0. 05 ). The average survival time of hCTLA4Ig and DST + hCTLA4Ig groups was 43.0 ± 11.8 and 135.0 ± 29. 7 days respectively, which was significantly longer than in control group or THY group ( P ＜0. 01 ). The average survival time of THY +PC61 + DST + hCTLA4Ig group was 25.8 ± 8.9 days, which was significantly longer than in control group,but shorter than in hCTLA4Ig group or DST + hCTLA4Ig group ( P ＜ 0. 01 ). The survival time in DST +hCTLA4Ig group was 135.0 ± 29. 7 days, which was significantly longer than other groups ( P ＜ 0. 01 ).The pathological examination revealed that there were more lymphocytes infiltration and capillary vessel proliferation in the desmohemoblast in the transplanted heart of DST + hCTLA4Ig group. Conclusion CD4 +CD25 +T cells regulate the immune tolerance in the allograft transplantation.     

Contribution of CD40-CD154-mediated costimulation to an alloresponse in vivo.

BACKGROUND: Costimulation through CD40-CD154 plays an important role in T-cell activation. Although systemic administration of anti-CD154 antibody prevents or delays rejection of organ allografts in animal models, the molecular mechanisms responsible for this effect are not well defined. METHODS: We have previously demonstrated that priming of mice (H2d) with CD40-/- but not with wildtype naive B cells (H2b) leads to alloantigen-specific T-cell hyporesponsiveness in vitro. In the present study, we investigated whether such priming modifies allograft rejection in a major histocompatibility complex-mismatched murine cardiac transplantation model. RESULTS: Priming of hosts with donor-specific CD40-/- B cells delayed rejection of subsequently transplanted wild-type cardiac allografts by 8.0 days (P<0.001). The lack of CD40 on the cardiac graft delayed rejection in unprimed or primed hosts by 3-5 days. Prolongation of graft survival correlated with the failure of infused CD40-/- B cells to express B7.2 and ICAM-1 in vivo. CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that CD40-CD154 costimulation contributes to T cell priming to alloantigens in vivo and to a second set rejection phase in which donor antigens are presented to primed T cells.     

输注转染MyD88siRNA基因的供者树突状细胞延长小鼠移植心存活时间

目的 探讨输注供者来源的转染了髓样分化因子88(MyD88)siRNA基因的树突状细胞(DC)在延长同种小鼠移植心存活时间中的作用及机制.方法 以脂质体为载体,将化学合成的MyD88siRNA导入BALB/c小鼠(供者)骨髓来源的DC中,制备转染MyD88siRNA基因的DC(MyD88siRNA-DC).随机将27只C57BL/6小鼠(受者)平均分为磷酸盐缓冲液(PBS)对照组、培养8 d的DC(Day8-DC)组及MyD88siRNA-DC组,分别将PBS、Day8-DC及MyD88siRNA-DC输注至受者体内.于输注后第7、14和21天时应用免疫双荧光染色法观察供者DC在受者脾脏内的存活情况;混合淋巴细胞反应(MLR)测定受者脾脏内T淋巴细胞对供者同种抗原的反应性.另取27对供、受者(BALB/c小鼠和C57BL/6小鼠),通过袖套管技术建立颈部异位心脏移植模型,随机平均分为PBS对照移植组、Day8-DC移植组及MyD88siRNA-DC移植组,各组于移植前7 d分别经受者门静脉注射0.5 ml PBS、2.0× 106个Day8-DC及2.0× 106个MyD88siRNA-DC.于输注后第7天,观察各组移植心的存活时间;病理检查观察排斥反应程度;酶联免疫吸附试验测定受者血清巾Th1及Th2型细胞因子[γ干扰素(INF-γ)、白细胞介素(IL)-12、IL-4和IL-10]水平的变化.结果 MyD88siRNA-DC在受者脾脏内的存活时间明显延长,MyD88siRNA-DC组受者脾脏内T淋巴细胞对供者抗原的反应性最低(P＜0.01).PBS对照移植组、Day8-DC移植组及MyD88siRNA-DC移植组移植心的存活时间分别为:(6.67±1.37)d、(13.67±2.25)d和(24.50±4.42)d,与PBS对照移植组相比,Day8-DC移植组移植心存活时间延长(P＜0.01),而MyD88siRNA-DC移植组移植心存活时间较Dby8-DC移植组进一步延长(P＜0.01);MyD88siRNA-DC移植组移植心排斥反应病理分级最低,受者血清中INF-γ和IL-12水平显著降低(P＜0.01),而IL-4和IL-10水平明显升高(P＜0.01).结论 输注转染MyD88siRNA基因的供者DC能够延长同种小鼠移植心的存活时间;其机制可能与诱导受者Th1/Th2免疫偏移及形成供、受者微嵌合状态有关.     

Combined treatment with CD40 costimulation blockade, T-cell depletion, low-dose irradiation, and donor bone marrow transfusion in limb allograft survival

To determine the efficacy of a regimen based on CD40 costimulation blockade and donor bone marrow in the limb allograft model, C57Bl/6 mice received limb allografts from Balb/c mice and either no treatment or a combination of MR1 (anti-CD40 ligand monoclonal antibody), CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell-depleting antibodies, low-dose irradiation, and bone marrow transfusion from Balb/c donors for 1 or 2 weeks. Recipients treated for 1 week showed rejection at 38.2 +/- 5.4 (mean +/- SEM) days, while those treated for 2 weeks had allograft survival of 56.5 +/- 9.9, with a range up to 91 days. Histology demonstrated rejection which was less cell-mediated and suggestive of transplant vasculopathy. Differential rejection of skin occurred first. Thus, a combined regimen based on CD40 costimulatory blockade and donor marrow significantly prolonged allograft survival. However, tolerance was not achieved, and histology suggests chronic rejection as a possible cause of allograft loss.     

Inhibition of chronic rejection and development of tolerogenic T cells after ICOS-ICOSL and CD40-CD40L co-stimulation blockade

BACKGROUND.: Blockade of the CD40-CD40L pathway results in long-term allograft survival but does not prevent chronic rejection. ICOS-ICOSL are members of the CD28-B7 family that play an important role in T-cell activation. METHODS.: The authors analyzed the effect of single or combined treatment with an anti-ICOS monoclonal antibody and CD40 immunoglobulin (Ig) on acute and chronic rejection of heart allografts in rats. RESULTS.: Treatment with anti-ICOS resulted in a modest but significant prolongation of allograft survival. Treatment with CD40Ig resulted in long-term graft survival but the cardiac grafts developed chronic rejection lesions. Combined CD40Ig+anti-ICOS treatment led to indefinite graft survival in all recipients and a significant decrease of chronic rejection lesions compared with CD40Ig alone. Importantly, four of the seven CD40Ig+anti-ICOS-treated recipients showed a complete absence of chronic rejection lesions, whereas all of the CD40Ig-treated recipients showed chronic rejection. The CD40Ig+anti-ICOS group also showed significant decreased graft infiltration, decreased antidonor cytotoxic T-lymphocyte activity, and decreased alloantibodies compared with the CD40Ig-treated group. Adoptive transfer of splenocytes indefinitely prolonged allograft survival, whereas those depleted of T cells did not, suggesting the development of T-regulatory mechanisms. CONCLUSIONS.: These data indicate that the chronic rejection mechanisms that are CD40-CD40L independent are ICOS-ICOSL dependent. These results were obtained with conservation of cognate immune responses and development of tolerogenic T cells.     

监测大鼠心脏移植前后共刺激分子B7及其受体表达的意义

目的观察共刺激分子B7-1、B7-2及其受体CD28、OX40和CD11a在大鼠心脏移植排斥反应中的变化,探讨其作用及意义。方法用流式细胞仪动态监测大鼠异位心脏移植前后不同时间外周血白细胞中B7分子及OX40、CD11a、CD28受体的表达变化。结果术后淋巴细胞和单核细胞中B7-1、B7-2分子及OX40、CD11a受体的表达高峰值均出现在术后第7d或维持高峰平台至术后第7d,此时移植物排斥反应多表现为2~3级;CD28受体的表达在移植前后与排斥反应程度之间无明显相关。结论动态监测大鼠外周血淋巴、单核细胞中B7-1、B7-2分子及OX40、CD11a受体的表达有助于观察移植排斥反应的进程。     

Inhibition of chronic rejection and development of tolerogenic T cells after ICOS-ICOSL and CD40-CD40L co-stimulation blockade

BACKGROUND: Blockade of the CD40-CD40L pathway results in long-term allograft survival but does not prevent chronic rejection. ICOS-ICOSL are members of the CD28-B7 family that play an important role in T-cell activation. METHODS: The authors analyzed the effect of single or combined treatment with an anti-ICOS monoclonal antibody and the fusion molecule CD40 immunoglobulin (Ig) on acute and chronic rejection of heart allografts in rats. RESULTS: Treatment with anti-ICOS resulted in a modest but significant prolongation of allograft survival. Treatment with CD40Ig resulted in long-term graft survival but the cardiac grafts developed chronic rejection lesions. Combined CD40Ig+anti-ICOS treatment led to indefinite graft survival in all recipients and a significant decrease of chronic rejection lesions compared with CD40Ig alone. Importantly, four of the seven CD40Ig+anti-ICOS-treated recipients showed a complete absence of chronic rejection lesions, whereas all of the CD40Ig-treated recipients showed chronic rejection. The CD40Ig+anti-ICOS group also showed significant decreased graft infiltration, decreased antidonor cytotoxic T-lymphocyte activity, and decreased alloantibodies compared with the CD40Ig-treated group. Adoptive transfer of splenocytes indefinitely prolonged allograft survival, whereas those depleted of T cells did not, suggesting the development of T-regulatory mechanisms. CONCLUSIONS. These data indicate that the chronic rejection mechanisms that are CD40-CD40L independent are ICOS-ICOSL dependent. These results were obtained with conservation of cognate immune responses and development of tolerogenic T cells.