中药多糖对小鼠巨噬细胞功能影响的比较

目的：探讨枸杞多糖、猪苓多糖、茯苓多糖、灵芝多糖、黄芪多糖、当归多糖分别对小鼠巨噬细胞功能的影响及比较其作用的强弱。方法：分别给小鼠腹腔注射六味中药多糖后做巨噬细胞的吞噬试验,并分别计算吞噬指数。结果：六味中药多糖均能促进小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞对鸡红细胞的吞噬作用,尤其枸杞多糖显著提高正常小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞的吞噬指数（P＜0．001）。结论：六味中药多糖均能显著加强巨噬细胞的功能,提高细胞免疫力,枸杞多糖增强巨噬细胞功能的作用明显优于其他中药多糖。     

黄芪对巨噬细胞形态和功能效应的研究

本文报告了黄芪对小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞中某些酶、Fc受体及吞噬功能的影响。发现注射黄芪后巨噬细胞的数目增加、体积增大;细胞内酸性磷酸酶、酸性醋酸萘酯酶、非特异性酯酶、乳酸脱氢酶及琥珀酸脱氢酶的活性增高;Fc受体数目增多;吞噬功能增强。实验结果表明黄芪可以激活巨噬细胞并提高机体的免疫功能。     

枸杞多糖对神经元缺氧损伤的保护作用

【目的】观察枸杞多糖对神经元缺氧损伤的保护作用。【方法】建立原代培养神经元缺氧损伤模型,通过形态学观察以及细胞存活率、乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）释放量、细胞内SOD活性及MDA含量的测定,研究枸杞多糖对神经元缺氧损伤的保护作用。【结果】枸杞多糖能明显改善缺氧损伤神经元的形态改变,提高细胞存活率,减少细胞内LDH的漏出,并可显著提高细胞内SOD活性,减少脂质过氧化产物MDA的产生。【结论】枸杞多糖对神经元缺氧损伤具有明显的保护作用。     

枸杞多糖和1,6-二磷酸果糖协同抗运动疲劳作用及其机制

目的: 研究枸杞多糖与1,6-二磷酸果糖的协同抗疲劳作用,为改善和促进运动员体力恢复、提高训练和比赛成绩提供科学依据。方法:将140只小鼠随机分为空白对照组（生理盐水）、枸杞多糖组(20 mg/kg)及1,6-二磷酸果糖组(300 mg/kg),并将两者按2×2表分组,以负重游泳小鼠作为研究抗运动疲劳实验的小鼠模型。检测各组小鼠力竭游泳时间、肝糖原、肌糖原、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、血乳酸(LAC)和血尿素氮(BUN),分析两者协同抗疲劳的效果和机制。结果：与空白对照组比较,枸杞多糖和1,6-二磷酸果糖组小鼠负重游
泳时间延长,两者剂量分别为20 mg/kg和300 mg/kg时最佳（P<0.01）,两者之间存在交互作用。与空白对照组比较,枸杞多糖组小鼠LD、SOD活力提高（P<0.01）,LAC和血BUN水平降低,1,6-二磷酸果糖使小鼠肝糖原和肌糖原的储备量显著提高（P<0.01）。结论：枸杞多糖与1,6-二磷酸果糖配伍能起到协同抗疲劳作用,其原因可能是1,6-二磷酸果糖增加了小鼠的肝糖原和肌糖原的贮备,能够提供更多能量;枸杞多糖提高LDH、SOD活力,加快代谢产物的分解,使小鼠在耐力运动中坚持时间更长。     

香菇多糖对小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞活性及抗肿瘤作用的影响

昆明种小鼠５８只，随机分成实验组（２５只）和对照组（３３只）。实验组按８ｍｇ／ｋｇ·ｄ剂量，腹腔内注射香菇多糖，连续给药１６天；对照组未作任何处理。分别灌洗两组小鼠的腹腔巨噬细胞，以５１Ｃｒ释放率法测定巨噬细胞对肿瘤细胞的损伤作用，１２５Ｉ一ｕｄＲ掺入法测定巨噬细胞对肿瘤细胞的增殖抑制作用，生化方法测定巨噬细胞内酸性磷酸酶及精氨酸酶的活性。结果实验组巨噬细胞对肿瘤细胞的损伤能力及增殖抑制作用明显高于对照组，巨噬细胞内两种酶的活性均高于对照组。提示香菇多糖能激活巨噬细胞并增强巨噬细胞的抗肿瘤活性作用。     

晚发型酸性麦芽糖酶缺陷病的肌肉酶组织化学和超微结构

目的 :探讨酸性麦芽糖酶缺陷病的肌肉酶组织化学和超微结构特点。方法 :用酶组织化学方法观察快速冷冻后的肌肉组织切片 ,用透射电镜观察其超微结构。结果 :①光镜下见大量空泡肌纤维 ,空泡内可见嗜碱性絮状或粗颗粒状物质 ,形成镶边空泡 ;②ATP酶染色示空泡主要累及Ⅱ型肌纤维。空泡化肌纤维的酸性磷酸酶活性明显增强 ,PAS阳性物质轻度增多 ;③电镜观察发现肌原纤维间大量糖原及髓样结构 ,外包单位膜。含变性线粒体及糖原颗粒的自噬空泡多见。在肌间毛细血管的周细胞和间质成纤维细胞内发现多个糖原积聚区。结论 :肌活检超微病理观察和酶组织化学检测对酸性麦芽糖酶缺陷病有明显的特异性 ,对本病的诊断有重要价值。     

枸杞多糖对缺氧损伤PC12细胞保护作用

目的：研究枸杞多糖对缺氧损伤大鼠肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤株PC12的保护作用。方法：采用氯化钴（CoCl2）建立PC12细胞,通过测定受损细胞给药后的活力、受损细胞LDH泄露量和受损细胞ROS生成量及线粒体膜电位,研究枸杞多糖对受损细胞的保护作用。结果：枸杞多糖能显著增加缺氧模型细胞的活力;降低细胞LDH泄漏量;增强缺氧损害细胞的SOD活性;并增加缺氧损害细胞线粒体膜电位。结论：枸杞多糖对缺氧损伤PC12细胞具有明显的保护作用。     

枸杞多糖对缺氧损伤PC12细胞的保护作用

目的观察枸杞多糖对化学缺氧损伤大鼠肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤株PC12细胞的保护作用,并探讨可能的作用机制。方法建立氯化钴(CoCl_2)诱导PC12细胞化学缺氧损伤模型,通过测定不同浓度枸杞多糖处理前后细胞活力、细胞凋亡率、线粒体膜电位及细胞内Ca~(2+)含量的变化,探讨枸杞多糖对缺氧损伤细胞的保护作用。结果对照组、缺氧模型组和100 mg/L枸杞多糖组的细胞存活率、细胞凋亡率和细胞内Ca~(2+)含量分别为(100.00±4.23)%、(48.54±5.59)%和(83.11±6.67)%,0.7%、76.8%和11.5%,(24.2±3.94)、(75.3±6.82)和(34.3±3.05),100 mg/L枸杞多糖组的细胞存活率明显高于缺氧模型组,而细胞凋亡率和细胞内Ca~(2+)含量均低于缺氧模型组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。缺氧模型组PC12线粒体膜电位显著降低,为对照组的(43.2±2.46)%,100 mg/L的枸杞多糖组为(73.3±2.85)%,明显上升,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论缺氧模型可抑制PC12细胞增殖并诱导细胞凋亡,枸杞多糖对缺氧损伤PC12细胞具有明显的保护作用,可能与增加细胞线粒体膜电位及降低细胞内Ca~(2+)含量有关。     

枸杞多糖对小鼠抗疲劳作用的影响

抗疲劳实验结果显示,枸杞多糖能显著地增加小鼠肌糖原,肝糖原储备量;提高运动前及游泳后９０ｍｉｎ、１５０ｍｉｎ乳酸脱氢酶总活力;活降小鼠剧烈运动后血尿素氮增量,加快运动后血尿素氮的清除速率;枸杞多糖粗品与纯品不同剂量组「ＬＢＰ－Ｘ５ｍｇ／（ｋｇ．ｄ）、１０ｍｇ／（ｋｇ．ｄ）、２０ｍｇ／（ｋｇ．ｄ）、５０ｍｇ／（ｋｇ．ｄ）及１００ｍｇ／（ｋｇ．ｄ）」比较,纯品低剂量组（５－２０ｍｇ／（ｋｇ．ｄ）抗疲劳     

枸杞多糖对小鼠抗疲劳作用的影响

抗疲劳实验结果显示,枸杞多糖能显著地增加小鼠肌糖原、肝糖原储备量;提高运动前及游泳后90min、150min乳酸脱氨酶（LDH）总活力;降低小鼠剧烈运动后血尿素氮增量,加快运动后血尿素氮的清除速率;枸杞多糖粗品[LBP10mg／（kg·d）]与纯品不同剂量组[LBP－X5mg／（kg·d）、10mg／（kg·d）、20mg／（kg·d）、50mg／（kg·d）及100mg／（kg·d）]比较,纯品低剂量组（5～20mg／（kg·d））抗疲劳效果优于粗品,以LBP－X10mg／（kg·d）剂量组效果最佳;纯品高剂量组效果与粗品差异无显著性。提示枸杞多糖为枸杞抗疲劳作用的有效成分,并有其最适剂量。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.