自拟补肾活血颗粒对去卵巢骨质疏松症大鼠的治疗作用

目的:观察自拟补肾活血颗粒(MBHG)对去卵巢大鼠骨质疏松症的治疗作用。方法:雌性SD大鼠,随机取10只作为假手术组(sham组),其余大鼠制备去卵巢骨质疏松症,随机分为:模型(model)组;补肾活血颗粒高(200 mg/kg)、中(100 mg/kg)、低(50 mg/kg)剂量组;阳性对照组(戊酸雌二醇组)。每组10只,连续灌胃给药12周。观察大鼠骨小梁形态,测量骨小梁的面积、厚度、间距及面积百分数,全自动分析仪检测血清中钙、磷和碱性磷酸酶(ALP)含量,测量大鼠骨密度(BMD),ELISA法检测血清雌激素(E2)、骨钙素(BGP)、骨保护素(OPG)、核因子κB受体活化因子(RANK)和核因子κB受体活化因子配体(RANKL)水平。结果:与模型组比较,各给药组骨小梁显著变宽,数目增多,网状结构有部分恢复。各给药组骨小梁厚度、骨小梁面积和骨小梁面积百分数均大于模型组,骨小梁间距均小于模型组(P0.05)。各给药组血清中钙、磷、E2、OPG以及股骨BMD水平均显著高于模型组,ALP、BGP、RANK和RANKL水平均显著低于模型组(P0.01)。结论:自拟补肾活血颗粒对去卵巢大鼠骨质疏松症有显著的治疗作用。作用机制可能与上调OPG、抑制RANKL分泌有关。     

复方丹参滴丸对去卵巢大鼠骨代谢及骨生物力学的影响

目的:研究复方丹参滴丸(DSP)对去卵巢大鼠骨代谢与骨生物力学的影响.方法:切除大鼠双侧卵巢,建屯大鼠原发性骨质疏松模型.予复方丹参滴丸等药物干预90天后,测大鼠血清的钙、磷、锌、镁、铁、雌二醇、骨钙素浓度,测定股骨中钙、磷、锌、镁、铁含量及股骨生物力学指标.结果:与模型组比较,复方丹参滴丸组和尼尔雌醇组大鼠血清钙、磷、骨钙素含量明显减少(P<0.05);股骨中的钙、磷、镁含量明显增加(P<0.05);股骨的最大载荷、最大挠度、最大应力、弹性模量均明显增强(P<0.05),以高剂量复方丹参滴丸组的作用最为明显.结论:复方丹参滴丸可纠正去卵巢大鼠的骨代谢紊乱,维持正常的骨生物力学性能,提示复方丹参滴丸对绝经后骨质疏松症有防治作用.     

中药补肾活骨方对去势骨质疏松大鼠骨代谢的影响

背景：中药补肾活骨方可有效防治骨质疏松症,但其具体的药理学机制仍不是很清楚。25-羟基维生素D3和1,25-二羟基维生素D3是调节骨吸收与骨形成的重要的偶联因子。 目的：观察补肾中药对去势骨质疏松大鼠骨密度、骨生物力学、血清及肝肾组织中25-羟基维生素D3和1,25-二羟基维生素D3水平的影响。 方法：健康雌性SD大鼠108只随机等分为假手术组、模型组和治疗组。后2组摘除双侧卵巢,导致雌激素缺失,从而诱导骨质疏松症模型。治疗组大鼠造模后以中药补肾活骨方2 mL灌胃,2次/d。 结果与结论：与模型组相比,治疗组股骨头骨密度明显提高(P < 0.05),最大应力和最大负荷指数明显增强(P < 0.05),血液、肝脏和肾脏组织中25-羟基维生素D3和1,25 二羟基维生素D3水平明显提高(P < 0.05);且接近于假手术组(P < 0.05)。提示补肾中药在雌激素缺失早期即可在分子水平上调节25-羟基维生素D3和1,25-二羟基维生素D3的表达水平,激活骨代谢提高骨密度增强骨质量达到预防骨质疏松的作用。关键词：补肾活骨方;1,25-二羟基维生素D3;骨密度;骨生物力学;骨质疏松症;骨代谢 doi:10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.15.006 中图分类号: R318  文献标识码: A       

磁场对去卵巢大鼠骨密度、骨强度和骨代谢的影响

本文研究了旋转恒定磁场对去卵巢大鼠骨密度，骨强度和骨代谢的影响。结果表明磁场处理30分钟且加钙组的骨密度，能量吸收，弹性能量吸收，最大载荷，最大桡度和弹性桡度等指标均显著高于去卵巢组，分别增加3.5%,15.4%,12.4%,7.6%,5.8%,11.9%t 5.2%。其碱性磷酸酶，血磷，血钙等指标也比去卵巢组分别高71％，108％，156％。实验还检测了暴磁1个月及停止暴磁后1到2个月，大鼠骨密度和骨矿含量的变化，结果表明磁场处理存在着窗口效应和滞后效应。     

Preventive effects of Pueraria mirifica on bone loss in ovariectomized rats

OBJECTIVE: Effects of Pueraria mirifica on bone loss in fully mature ovariectomized rats are examined. METHODS: Two series of experiments were performed. In the first series, rats were kept with their ovaries intact and divided into two groups; initial control (IC) and sham control (SH). The IC rats were sacrificed on day 1 and their data were kept as baseline control. The SH rats were subjected to sham operation on day 0 and gavaged daily with distilled water for 90 days. In the second series, rats were subjected to ovariectomy, divided into five groups and gavaged daily with 0.1mg/kg B.W./day of 17-alpha-ethinylestradiol (EE), 0, 10, 100 and 1000mg/kg B.W./day of P. mirifica (P0, P10, P100 and P1000, respectively) for 90 days. Changes of bone mineral density and bone mineral content were measured using peripheral Quantitative Computerized Tomography. RESULTS: Bone loss was significantly induced by ovariectomy and it was dose-dependently prevented by P. mirifica treatment for 90 days. The preventive effects of P. mirifica on bone loss depended on bone types (axial or long bone), bone sites (metaphysis or diaphysis), and bone compartments (trabecular and cortical). At P100 and P1000, bone loss was completely prevented both in trabecular bone mineral density and content. The effects of P. mirifica were, as expected, comparable to that in the EE group. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that P. mirifica may be applicable to treat the osteoporosis in menopausal women; however, an undesirable side effect on stimulating reproductive organs should be concerned.     

补肾壮骨方干预去卵巢骨质疏松模型大鼠骨代谢及骨密度的变化

背景：中医药以其良好的治疗效果及安全性越来越多的应用于骨质疏松症的治疗中,补肾壮骨方目前作为山东中医药大学附属医院协定方被广泛应用于临床中,获得了极好的治疗效果。目的：评价补肾壮骨方对去卵巢骨质疏松大鼠骨代谢及骨密度的影响。方法：60只SD大鼠随机分为6组,分别为假手术组、模型组、阿仑膦酸钠组、补肾壮骨方高、中、低剂量组,每组10只,后5组制备去卵巢骨质疏松症模型,假手术组只切除卵巢周围脂肪组织。造模8周后,补肾壮骨方高、中、低剂量组分别予以2.34,1.17,0.58 g/(kg·d)补肾壮骨方,阿仑膦酸钠组予阿仑膦酸钠1 mg/(kg·d),假手术组及模型组给予等体积的生理盐水,1次/d灌胃。连续灌胃12周后检测各组大鼠血清碱性磷酸酶、Runt相关转录因子2及核因子κB受体活化因子配体水平;取右侧股骨观察骨密度及骨微结构;苏木精-伊红染色观察组织病理改变;免疫组化法检测骨组织Wnt1、骨形态发生蛋白2蛋白表达。结果与结论：(1)造模8周后,与假手术组对比,模型组大鼠骨密度、骨小梁数明显降低(P <0.05),提示造模成功;(2)与模型组大鼠对比,补肾壮骨方低、中、高剂量组及阿...     

Comparative effects of risedronate,atorvastatin, estrogen and SERMs on bone mass and strength in ovariectomized rats

Objective

The aim of this study was to investigate bone protective effects of risedronate, atorvastatin, raloxifene and clomiphene citrate in ovariectomized rats.

Methods

Our study was conducted on 63 rats at Experimental Research Center of Celal Bayar University. Six-month-old rats were divided into seven groups. There were five drug administered ovariectomized groups, one ovariectomized control group without drug administration and one non-ovariectomized control group without drug administration. Eight weeks postovariectomy, rats were treated with the bisphosphonate risedronate sodium, the statin atorvastatin, the estrogen 17β-estradiol and the selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) raloxifene hydrochloride and clomiphene citrate by gavage daily for 8 weeks. At the end of the study, rats were killed under anesthesia. For densitometric evaluation, left femurs and tibiae were removed. Left femurs were also used to measure bone volume. Right femurs were used for three-point bending test.

Results

Compared to ovariectomized group, femur cortex volume increased significantly in non-ovariectomized group (p = 0.016). Compared to non-ovariectomized group, distal femoral metaphyseal and femur midshaft bone mineral density values were significantly lower in ovariectomized group (p = 0.047). In ovariectomy + atorvastatin group, whole femur and femur midshaft bone mineral density and three-point bending test maximal load values were significantly higher than ovariectomized group (p = 0.049, 0.05, and 0.018). When compared to the ovariectomized group, no significant difference was found with respect to femoral maximum load values in groups treated with risedronate, estrogen, raloxifene and clomiphene (p = 0.602, 0.602, 0.75, and 0.927). In ovariectomy + risedronate group, femur midshaft bone mineral density values were significantly higher than the values in ovariectomized group (p = 0.023). When compared to ovariectomized group, no significant difference was found with respect to femur midshaft bone mineral density values in groups treated with estrogen, raloxifene and clomiphene (p = 0.306, 0.808, and 0.095).

Conclusions

While risedronate sodium prevented the decrease in bone mineral density in ovariectomized rats, atorvastatin maintained mechanical characteristics of bone and also prevented the decrease in bone mineral density as risedronate sodium.     

氯化锂对去卵巢骨质疏松大鼠骨微结构和骨髓基质细胞分化的影响

背景：骨质疏松是一种好发于绝经后妇女的慢性骨代谢疾病,随着世界人口老龄化的增加,如何预防和治疗绝经后骨质疏松是目前困扰医疗界的一大难题。 目的：探讨氯化锂对去卵巢骨质疏松大鼠骨微结构和骨髓基质细胞分化的影响。 方法：将30只3月龄雌性健康未孕SD大鼠去卵巢,因2只大鼠由于感染死亡,将剩下28只大鼠随机分为去卵巢体内组(9只)、去卵巢体外组(10只)和氯化锂组(9只)。手术后第11周,氯化锂组按照体质量每周腹腔注射3次氯化锂,剂量为15 mg/kg,干预8周后,用micro-CT检测9只去卵巢体内组和9只氯化锂组大鼠左侧股骨的骨微结构。10只去卵巢体外组大鼠的双侧股骨和胫骨用于骨髓基质细胞的培养,接种24 h后加入氯化锂,分为0 mmol/L(对照组)、1 mmol/L组和5 mmol/L组,培养至第6天和第8天更换培养基并加入相应浓度氯化锂,培养第10天处理细胞,用Western blot检测其SP7、Runx2和PPARγ2蛋白的表达水平。 结果与结论：①体内结果表明,氯化锂组体积骨密度、骨体积分数和骨小梁数目显著高于去卵巢体内组,骨小梁间隙显著低于去卵巢体内组,而骨小梁厚度和结构模型指数无显著变化。②体外结果表明,1 mmol/L和5 mmol/L氯化锂组骨髓基质细胞Sp7和Runx2蛋白表达水平显著高于对照组,而PPARγ2蛋白表达水平显著低于对照组。③以上实验结果表明,氯化锂可能是通过促进去卵巢骨质疏松大鼠骨髓基质细胞向成骨分化而改善去卵巢骨质疏松大鼠的骨微结构。中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程     

仙珍骨宝胶囊对去卵巢大鼠股骨颈骨代谢的影响

背景：用骨组织形态计量学方法探讨中药对去卵巢大鼠股骨颈骨质疏松的影响,可为采用中药防治绝经后妇女骨质疏松性股骨颈骨折提供实验依据。 目的：观察仙珍骨宝胶囊对去卵巢大鼠股骨颈松质骨的影响。 方法：3月龄SD雌鼠随机分为4组：基础对照组于实验开始时处死取材,去卵巢组和仙珍骨宝组去卵巢造模,仙珍骨宝组在去卵巢后灌胃仙珍骨宝,去卵巢组和年龄对照组灌胃生理盐水,90 d后处死,取股骨颈经不脱钙骨制片进行骨组织形态计量学参数测量。 结果与结论：与年龄对照组比较,去卵巢大鼠静态参数的骨小梁面积百分数和骨小梁数量明显减少(P < 0.01),骨小梁间隙明显增大(P < 0.01);动态参数的每毫米破骨细胞数和破骨细胞贴壁表面长度明显增加(P < 0.01),骨矿化沉积率明显减少(P < 0.01)。说明去卵巢能导致大鼠股骨颈骨量显著减少。给予仙珍骨宝治疗后,大鼠的骨小梁厚度及骨小梁面积明显增加(P < 0.05),每毫米破骨细胞数和破骨细胞贴壁表面长度有所减少,标记周长百分数则有所增加。说明仙珍骨宝能阻止去卵巢所致的大鼠股骨颈骨量丢失。     

Influence of ferutinin on bone metabolism in ovariectomized rats. II: Role in recovering osteoporosis

The aim of the present investigation, which represents an extension of a previous study, was to investigate the effect of ferutinin in recovering severe osteoporosis due to estrogen deficiency after rat ovariectomy and to compare phytoestrogen effects with those of estrogens commonly used in hormone replacement therapy (HRT) by women with postmenopausal osteoporosis. The animal model used was the Sprague–Dawley ovariectomized rat. Ferutinin was orally administered (2 mg kg⁻¹ per day) for 30 or 60 days starting from 2 months after ovariectomy (i.e. when osteoporosis was clearly evident) and its effects were compared with those of estradiol benzoate (1.5 μg per rat twice a week, subcutaneously injected) vs. vehicle-treated ovariectomized (OVX) and sham-operated (SHAM) rats. Histomorphometric analyses were performed on trabecular bone of lumbar vertebrae (4th and 5th) and distal femoral epiphysis, as well as on cortical bone of femoral diaphysis. Bone histomorphometric analyses showed that ferutinin seems to display the same effects on bone mass recorded with estradiol benzoate, thus suggesting that it could enhance the recovery of bone loss due to severe estrogen deficiency in OVX rats. On this basis, the authors propose listing ferutinin among the substances representing a potential alternative for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis, which occurs as a result of estrogen deficiency.     

尼尔雌醇对去卵巢大鼠胫骨骨重建的影响

目的　探讨尼尔雌醇防治绝经后骨质疏松 (PMO)的作用机制。方法　雌性Wistar大鼠30只 ,随机分成假手术组、去卵巢组和尼尔雌醇治疗 (N)组。假手术组进行假手术 ,其余 2组切除卵巢制备PMO模型 ,N组使用尼尔雌醇治疗 3个月。各组动物处死后 ,取一侧胫骨提取总RNA ,逆转录 聚合酶链反应 (RT PCR)检测白细胞介素 (IL 6 )mRNA表达情况。另一侧用骨形态计量学方法研究去卵巢大鼠胫骨干骺端对尼尔雌醇的治疗反应 ,包括静力学参数 :(1)骨小梁体积 (TBV)占全部骨组织体积 (TTV)的百分比 (TBV/TTV) ;(2 )骨小梁表面与其体积之比 (S/V) ;(3)TBV占海绵骨 (SBV)体积的百分比 (TBV/SBV) ;(4 )平均骨小梁板厚度 (MTPT) ;(5 )平均骨小梁板密度 (MTPD) ;(6 )平均骨小梁板间隙 (MTPS) ;(7)平均骨皮质厚度 (MCW)。动力学参数 :(1)骨小梁类骨质表面占骨小梁表面的百分比 (TOS) ;(2 )平均类骨质宽度 (MOSW) ;(3)四环素单标记线占骨小梁表面的百分比 [Sfract(s) ];(4 )四环素双标记线占骨小梁表面的百分比 [Sfract(d) ];(5 )四环素单标记线的 1/ 2和双标记线之和占骨小梁表面的百分比 [Sfract(s/ 2 d) ];(6 )四环素双标记线间的平均距离 (DDL) ;(7)矿化沉积率 (MiAR) ;(8)矿化延迟时间 (MLT) ;(9)组织水平的骨形成率 (Svf) ;     

The effects of fructo-oligosaccharides in combination with soy protein on bone in osteopenic ovariectomized rats

OBJECTIVE: The intestinal microflora is important in rendering soy isoflavones bioavailable by facilitating their conversion to equol. Hence, substances that can modulate the intestinal microflora could affect the bioavailability of isoflavones. In this study, we examined the effects of fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS), a prebiotic, on enhancing the effects of soy isoflavones on bone in ovariectomized osteopenic female rats. DESIGN: Sixty-three 9-month-old female Sprague-Dawley rats were either sham-operated (Sham; one group) or ovariectomized (Ovx; four groups) and were fed a control diet for 3 months to induce bone loss. After bone loss was confirmed via dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, rats were placed on dietary treatment for 4 months. The Sham and one Ovx group received a control diet, and the remaining Ovx groups received either a soy protein-based diet (Soy), a FOS-supplemented diet (FOS), or a soy protein-based and FOS-supplemented diet (Soy+FOS). Before the termination of the study, whole-body bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) were assessed under anesthesia. Immediately after euthanasia, bone specimens were collected for the assessments of BMD, BMC, and biomechanical and microarchitectural properties. RESULTS: Whole-body BMD values were significantly higher in FOS and Soy+FOS groups compared with Ovx controls. The tibial BMC increased by 10%, 6%, and 4% in Soy, FOS, and Soy+FOS groups, respectively, compared to the Ovx control group. FOS and FOS+Soy treatments had the most pronounced effects in enhancing lumbar BMC and BMD. The FOS+Soy combination effectively improved tibial microarchitectural properties by enhancing trabecular number and lowering trabecular separation compared with Ovx controls. The effects of dietary treatments on lumbar microarchitectural properties were minimal and biomechanical properties of the femur were not affected by any of the dietary treatments. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that, although incorporation of either soy or FOS in the diet of Ovx rats can improve BMD of the whole body, tibiae, and lumbar vertebrae, their combination had no any additive effects. However, in terms of microarchitecture, the combination of soy and FOS had a greater effect in reversing the loss of certain microarchitectural parameters such as tibial trabecular number, separation, and thickness.     

复合振动对卵巢切除大鼠骨质量的作用

背景：目前所使用的全身振动防治骨质疏松所需振动强度较大,人体不适感较强。作者设计了复合振动,前期实验发现复合振动可在更低强度下有效预防卵巢切除大鼠的骨密度下降。 目的：课题创新性提出低强度复合振动可维持生长期卵巢切除SD大鼠骨质量的理论假设,并期望实验结果加以验证。 方法：SPF级4月龄雌性未育SD大鼠32只,随机分为正常对照组、卵巢切除组以及振动1、振动2组,每组大鼠均为8只。振动1组接振45~55 Hz,0.05~0.1 g;振动2组接振45~55 Hz,0.12~0.21 g。振动20 min/次,1次/d,5次/周,休息间隔不大于2 d。实验时间13周。观察振动干预前后大鼠活体骨密度,体外标本骨微结构以及生物力学性能。 结果与结论：卵巢切除组腰椎骨密度下降(P < 0.05),而正常对照组与两振动组有显著性增加,股骨骨密度均增加,组间差异无显著性意义;卵巢切除各组骨微结构参数均明显下降,但振动2组骨小梁数量、骨小梁厚度、骨小梁间距、骨体积分数相对于卵巢切除组有显著改善;腰椎骨强度值两振动组较卵巢切除组显著增加(P=0.025、0.006),与正常对照组比较差异无显著性意义。实验结果证明,特定的复合振动舒适感较好的低强度下可以有效预防卵巢切除SD大鼠骨密度下降,减轻骨微结构破坏程度,维持骨强度,具有改善卵巢切除大鼠骨质量的作用和潜在的预防骨质疏松作用。     

辛伐他汀对去卵巢骨质疏松大鼠股骨生物力学的影响

目的研究辛伐他汀(Simvastatin,SIM)对去卵巢(OVX)骨质疏松大鼠股骨生物力学性能的影响。方法48只3月龄雌性SD大鼠,随机分成3组,假手术(SHAM)组、OVX组和OVX+SIM组,每组8只。适应性喂养一周后进行手术。术后8周开始给药,OVX+SIM组给予SIM 5mg.kg-1·d-1,其余两组用等量生理盐水灌服。用药后第4周每组随机处死半数大鼠,12周后处死剩余大鼠,取股骨进行三点弯曲试验,检测股骨最大载荷、弹性载荷、最大桡度、弹性桡度、弯曲刚度系数、弯曲韧度系数等生物力学性能。结果(1)用药4周,最大载荷:SHAM组较OVX组明显增加(P<0.05);弹性载荷:OVX+SIM组较OVX组明显降低(P<0.05);最大桡度:SHAM组较OVX组明显增加(P<0.05);弯曲韧度系数:OVX+SIM组较OVX组明显增加(P<0.01)。(2)用药12周,最大载荷:OVX+SIM组、SHAM组较OVX组明显增加(P<0.05,P<0.01);弹性载荷:OVX+SIM组较OVX组明显增加(P<0.05);弯曲韧度系数:OVX+SIM组、SHAM组较OVX组明显降低(P<0.05,P<0.01)。(3)用药12周较4周,OVX+SIM组最大载荷、弹性载简明显增加(P<0.01),OVX组弯曲韧度系数明显增加(P<0.01)。结论SIM能促进去势大鼠骨的再建,改变骨的空间微结构和骨组织有机成分和无机成分的比例及结合,随时间的延长能提高股骨的强度。     

阿仑膦酸钠改善去卵巢大鼠的骨基质结构

背景：双膦酸盐可以提高骨密度、抑制骨吸收的作用已被临床所证实,但其对于骨骼基质结构的影响研究较少。 目的：实验通过观察双膦酸盐类药物——阿仑膦酸钠对骨结构及骨基质代谢的影响,探讨阿仑膦酸钠改善骨质量、提高骨强度的骨基质调控机制。 方法：实验建立去卵巢大鼠模型,用阿仑膦酸钠进行干预,同时设置模型组和假手术组进行对照。运用骨骼影像学、骨组织病理学和骨生物力学检测技术与酶联免疫吸附法观察阿仑膦酸钠对骨丢失大鼠骨密度、骨代谢、骨生物力学性能和骨结构的影响。 结果与结论：药物干预后4,8,12周,阿仑膦酸钠组骨密度均高于模型组(P < 0.05);药物干预8周后,与模型组相比,阿仑膦酸钠组骨代谢指标尿脱氧吡啶诺啉,血清Ⅰ型胶原羧基端前肽水平均降低(P < 0.05),腰椎和股骨的最大载荷、最大压强、模量以及Ⅰ型胶原不同交联形式的尿吡啶啉/脱氧吡啶啉值均增高(P < 0.05)。结果证实,阿仑膦酸钠能够对抗因雌激素缺乏导致大鼠骨量的丢失,提高生物力学性能,改善骨基质结构,同时恢复因去卵巢所导致的Ⅰ型胶原交联组分的改变。 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建;骨细胞;软骨细胞;细胞培养;成纤维细胞;血管内皮细胞;骨质疏松;组织工程全文链接：     

多代连续饮用四种饮水的雌性大鼠骨生物力学性能和骨代谢水平的比较

目的观察雌性SD大鼠多代连续单纯饮用自来水、纯净水、矿物质水和天然水,对其骨质密度、骨生物力学性能及骨代谢的影响。方法取前期实验暴露于四种饮水条件下的F2代断乳健康雌性SD大鼠,各组30只,饮用与F1代相同饮水,除饮水外其他条件完全相同。饲养10个月后处死,腹主动脉取血并分离血清检测大鼠骨碱性磷酸酶（BALP）、骨钙素（BGP）、血清I型前胶原羧基端前肽（PICP）、I型胶原交联羧基末端肽（ICTP）,同时取右侧股骨,进行骨密度和骨生物力学检测。结果血清中BGP含量天然水组高于自来水组（P〈0.05）;PICP含量纯净水组和天然水组低于自来水组（P〈0.01）;ICTP含量天然水组低于自来水组（P〈0.01）。拉伸试验显示：自来水组大鼠股骨最大桡度高于天然水组、矿物质水组和纯净水组（P〈0.01）;自来水组弹性桡度高于天然水组（P〈0.01）和矿物质水组（P〈0.05）。自来水组大鼠股骨最大应变高于天然水组、矿物质水组和纯净水组（P〈0.01）;断裂应变自来水组高于矿物质水组和天然水组（P〈0.01）。杨氏模量自来水组低于天然水组（P〈0.05）。结论长期饮用不同水质的水,可能对大鼠骨骼的生长发育会造成一定的影响。     

Skeletal effects of magnesium deficiency in normal,ovariectomized, and estrogen-treated rats

The effects of magnesium deficiency in ovariectomized and estrogen-treated rats were examined in histological sections of bones and various soft tissues. The changes observed in the femora of intact rats deprived of magnesium for three weeks were: 1. a general increase in diaphyseal thickness, 2. the presence of localized fibrous or bony-like masses in subperiosteal and metaphyseal sites, and 3. the occurrence, although rare, of endosteal hyperplasia. In ovariectomized, magnesium-deprived animals, the incidence and location of fibrous masses were similar to that in the femora of magnesium-deficient intact rats; however, no increase in diaphyseal thickness was noted. Daily injections of 25 μg estradiol caused a reduction of the frequency of skeletal hyperplasia from 80% to 20%, as well as a reduction in femoral diaphyseal thickness. Estradiol hormone administration also brought about a marked alleviation of the dermal and neural manifestations of magnesium deficiency, but, at the same time, caused an exacerbation of renal calcinosis.     

去势大鼠骨形态计量学、生物性能变化

目的 通过观察大鼠血清学、骨形态计量学测定、骨生物性能等方法研究去卵巢大鼠骨变化.方法 采用7-12月龄SD雌性大鼠30只,随机分为对照组、模型组和尼尔雌醇组.模型组和尼尔雌醇组大鼠切除双侧卵巢进行造模.尼尔雌醇组大鼠造模后45天开始灌服尼尔雌醇,连续90天;对照组和模型组大鼠手术后第45天开始灌服去离子水,连续90天.所有大鼠给药第80、87天时两次ip四环素20mg/kg进行骨荧光标记.实验结束时,取出大鼠股骨及第四腰椎骨进行股骨形态计量学测定、股骨骨密度测量、股骨三点弯曲实验及椎骨压缩实验,同时测定血清碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶(StrACP)水平.结果 大鼠去双侧卵巢后,股骨骨密度、骨最大载荷、最大应力、弹性模量、刚度水平和骨小梁体积显著性提高;椎体压缩性能、股骨形态计量学、股骨弯曲性能有明显改变;而雌激素对以上变化有不同程度改善作用.结论 骨组织形态、骨生物性能是评价骨质疏松模型或药物疗效的重要指标;发生骨质疏松时,骨组织形态学变化先于骨生物性能变化.     

Melatonin and estradiol effects on food intake, body weight, and leptin in ovariectomized rats

OBJECTIVE: The study in ovariectomized (Ovx) rats, as a model of menopausal status, of the effects of melatonin (M) and/or estradiol (E), associated or not with food restriction, on body weight (BW) and serum leptin levels. METHODS: Female SD rats (200-250 g) were Ovx and treated with E, M, E+M or its diluents. Control sham-Ovx rats were treated with E-M diluents. After 7 weeks being fed ad libitum, the animals were exposed for 7 more weeks to a 30% food restriction. We measured: food intake, BW, nocturnal and diurnal urinary excretion of sulphatoxymelatonin (aMT6s), leptin in midday and midnight blood samples, glucose, total cholesterol, LDL, HDL and triglycerides. RESULTS: Day/night rhythm of aMT6s excretion was preserved in all cases. The increase of aMT6s excretion in M-treated animals basically affected the nocturnal period. In animals fed ad libitum, E fully prevented Ovx-induced increase of BW, leptin and cholesterol. Melatonin reduced food intake and partially prevented the increase of BW and cholesterol, without changing leptin levels. Under food restriction, M was the most effective treatment in reducing BW and cholesterol. Leptin levels were similar in M, E or E+M treated rats, and lower than in untreated Ovx rats. CONCLUSIONS: Our result gives a preliminary experimental basis for a post-menopausal co-treatment with estradiol and melatonin. It could combine the effectiveness of estradiol (not modified by melatonin) with the positive effects of melatonin (improvement of sleep quality, prevention of breast cancer, etc.). The possible beneficial effects of melatonin which could justify its use, need to be demonstrated in clinical trials.