吸烟对绝经后妇女骨密度和骨代谢指标的影响：配对研究

目的：观察吸烟对绝经后妇女骨密度和骨代谢指标的影响，研究其规律性，寻找可能的干预方法。方法：对79例绝经后妇女吸烟者进行了骨密度和骨代谢指标测定，并与相同年龄、绝经年限、身高和体质量的不吸烟者进行比较。结果：吸烟者的骨密度[(0．53&;#177;0．05)g/cm^2]、尿促卵泡素(follicle-stimulating hormone，FSH)[(189．33&;#177;36．51)kIU／L]明显低于不吸烟者[(0．58&;#177;0．04)g／cm^2，(227．84&;#177;49．28)kIU／L]，而吸烟中的血钙、血碱性磷酸酶(81kaljne phosphatase，ALP)、雌二醇水平均明显高于后者(t=2．146-2．954，P&;lt;0．01～0．05)。吸烟者按吸烟指数分组后，大量吸烟者(指数≥100，28例)的骨密度和FSH浓度明显低于小量吸烟者(&;lt;100，51例)，同时前者中的血钙和ALP水平则明显高于后者（t=2．154-2．972，P&;lt;0．01～0．05)。吸烟者按年龄分组后，年长吸烟者（≥60岁，37例)的骨密度和FSH浓度明显低于年轻吸烟者(&;lt;60岁，42例)，而前者中的血钙和ALP水平也明显高于前者(t=2．065～2．263，P均&;lt;0．05)。结论：吸烟可使绝经后妇女骨密度明显降低，并引起骨代谢指标紊乱，同时吸烟指数越高和吸烟者年龄越大，这种改变也越明显。     

自然绝经和手术绝经对妇女骨密度的影响

随着生活水平提高，老年人口比率不断增加，也即绝经后妇女比率增加，加之因各种原因，妇女接受手术切除全子宫及双侧附件机会也增加，由此而对妇女产生了一些不良影响，如心血管疾病增加及更年期综合征等。本文目的在于通过观察妇女自然绝经及手术绝经后骨密度的变化，以期为绝经妇女骨质疏松的防治提供一定的依据。1资料和方法1．1研究对象：自然绝经妇女8例，年龄49～59岁，绝经年限3～9年；全子宫及双附件切除妇女（手术绝经组）8例，年龄48～59岁（均为绝经前施行手术，全部为子宫良性疾患），手术年限3～8年；未绝经妇女（对照组）9例…     

绝经后妇女髋部和腰椎骨密度变化及骨质疏松发生特点比较

绝经后骨质疏松是严重危害老年妇女健康的疾病,是骨折发生的重要危险因素。人群调查结果表明,骨量在人体不同部位的分布以及随年龄丢失率并不相同,而不同部位骨折的发生对生活质量和健康的影响也各有差异。因此,了解绝经后妇女骨折易发部位髋部及腰椎骨密度变化和骨质疏松发生特点,以及髋部和腰椎骨质疏松的发生是否具有一致性,对骨质疏松的防治具有重要的参考价值。     

北京地区汉族妇女绝经前后护骨素基因多态性与骨密度的关系

背景：原发性骨质疏松症是多基因遗传性疾病，但是调节骨量的基因需进一步研究。目的：探讨护骨素基因启动子区基因多态性与中国北京地区绝经前后妇女骨密度之间的关系。设计：前瞻性调查研究。单位：北京协和医院。对象：选择2002—07在北京协和医院健康体检的495名北京地区无亲缘关系的汉族妇女，其中绝经前妇女为306名，年龄20-39岁，绝经后妇女（指自然停经1年以上者）为189名，年龄50-84岁。所有受试对象均对检测项目知情同意。方法：①骨密度测量：应用双能X线骨密度测量方法，观察对象均采取仰卧位，采用骨密度仪测量其后前位第1-4腰椎及股骨近端，包括股骨颈、ward’s三角和大转子部位的骨密度值。②基因分型：提取两组受试对象外周血DNA，初步确定护骨素基因分型。并取部分PCR产物送上海博亚有限公司测序，验证基因型，观察两组受试对象护骨素基因型的分布频率及其与骨密度的关系，并用Logistic回归作病因学进一步分析观察绝经后妇女护骨素基因多态性与骨质疏松的关系。主要观察指标：①两组受试对象护骨素基因型的分布频率，及其与骨密度的关系。②绝经后妇女护骨素基因多态性与骨质疏松的关系。结果：纳入受试对象495名，全部进入结果分析。①两组受试对象OPG基因型和等位基因分布频率无明显差异，两组总体基因型分布频率依次为163A→G位点，AA型为70．1％，AG型为26．9％，GG型为3．0％；245T→G位点TT型为71．3％，TG型为25．9％，GG型为2．8％。绝经前妇女在163A→G位点，AA组在L2-4股骨颈、ward’s三角和大转子的骨密度低于GG＋AG组，在245T→G位点，TT组与GG＋TG组相比各部位的骨密度也低，但均无统计学差异（P〉0．05）。绝经后妇女163位点AG＋GG组在L2-4股骨颈、Ward’s三角和大转子的骨密度均显著低于AA组（P〈0．05）；245位点TG＋GG组在股骨颈、Ward’s三角和大转子的骨密度显著低于TT组（P〈0．05）。②绝经后妇女163位点AG＋GG组在L2-4、Ward’s三角是骨质疏松的危险因素（OR=2．045，2．956，P〈0．05，95％可信限1．05—6．7），245位点TG＋GG组在L2-4、Ward’s三角、大转子是骨质疏松的危险因素（OR=2．059，2．859，2．123，P〈0．05，95％可信限1．04—6．5）。结论：北京地区绝经后妇女护骨素基因启动子区的163和245位点为变异型G等位基因时，股骨颈、Ward’s三角和大转子的骨密度较低，变异型G等位基因与绝经后妇女骨密度降低相关。     

利维爱对绝经后妇女骨密度及骨代谢指标的影响

目的了解利维爱对绝经后妇女骨密度及骨代谢指标的影响 . 方法将 123例自然绝经后妇女随机分 2组 研究组每日口服利维爱 1.25 mg+ 钙尔奇 D 600 mg, 对照组每日口服钙尔奇 D 600 mg, 观察 12个月 . 用药前后分别检测腰椎 (L 2～ 4)及股骨颈 (NK)骨密度 (BMD)骨代谢指标血清骨钙素 (BGP)和碱性磷酸酶 (AKP)及尿吡啶酚 /肌酐 (Pyr/cr)和钙 /肌酐 (Ca/Cr)比值 . 结果 (1)L 2～ 4、 NK两部位 BMD 研究组治疗后均增加 , 且前者上升有显著性差异 (P< 0.05);对照组均下降无显著性差异 (P >0.05);治疗后 2组间比较有显著性差异 (P< 0.01,P< 0.05). (2)生化指标血 BGP、 AKP及尿 Pyr/Cr、 Ca/Cr 治疗后研究组均上升有显著性差异 (P< 0.01,P< 0.05); 对照组变化无显著性差异 (P >0.05). 结论绝经后妇女每日服用 1.25 mg利维爱加钙尔奇 D可以提高骨量 ; 单用钙尔奇 D不能防止骨丢失 .     

阿法维生素D对绝经后骨质疏松患者骨密度的影响

为探讨阿法维生素D对绝经后骨质疏松症患者肌密度的影响，将101例60岁以上确诊为骨质疏松女性随机分为A(阿法维生素D+钙)和B(单有钙)两组规律服药6个月后测骨密度(BMD)和碱性磷酸酶(ALP)。A组BMD和ALP均较服药前升高(t=2．316．2．236，P&;lt;O．05)，B组则无变化。证实阿法维生素D可预防绝经后骨质疏松，增加BMD。     

异黄酮补充疗法对绝经后妇女骨密度及骨代谢生化指标的影响

目的探讨异黄酮对绝经后妇女骨代谢生化指标及骨密度的影响。方法58例健康绝经后妇女分3组自愿接受异黄酮或钙剂疗法，对比治疗前后的骨密度(BMD)、一氧化氮(NO)、血清碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、骨钙素(BGP)、尿钙(Ca)／尿肌酐(Cr)，尿Ⅰ型胶原交联氨基末端(NTX)结果。结果治疗1年后，异黄酮 钙剂组的BMD显升高；NO下降至正常水平；骨形成指标ALP，BGP和骨吸收指标尿Ca／Cr，尿NTX明显下降，较治疗前差异有显性意义。结论经异黄酮 钙剂联合治疗后，患骨密度和骨代谢各生化指标改善的幅度更大、疗效更明显一些。     

游泳对绝经后妇女骨质疏松的影响

游泳对绝经后妇女骨质疏松的影响青岛市市立医院内科邵志洁，邵志宏，李前铎骨质疏松症是（ｏｓｔｅｏｐｏｒｏｓｉｓ，ＯＰ）是老年人常见的一种致残疾病，尤以女性居多。运动作为一种安全有效的防治手段已日益受到重视，但从游泳运动对绝经后妇女骨矿物质代谢的影响方面...     

吸烟对绝经后妇女骨密度和骨代谢指标的影响:配对研究

目的观察吸烟对绝经后妇女骨密度和骨代谢指标的影响,研究其规律性,寻找可能的干预方法。方法对79例绝经后妇女吸烟者进行了骨密度和骨代谢指标测定,并与相同年龄、绝经年限、身高和体质量的不吸烟者进行比较。结果吸烟者的骨密度[(0.53±0.05)g/cm2]、尿促卵泡素(follicle-stimulatinghormone,FSH)[(189.33±36.51)kIU/L]明显低于不吸烟者[(0.58±0.04)g/cm2,(227.84±49.28)kIU/L],而吸烟中的血钙、血碱性磷酸酶(alkalinephosphatase,ALP)、雌二醇水平均明显高于后者(t=2.146～2.954,P<0.01～0.05)。吸烟者按吸烟指数分组后,大量吸烟者(指数≥100,28例)的骨密度和FSH浓度明显低于小量吸烟者(<100,51例),同时前者中的血钙和ALP水平则明显高于后者(t=2.154～2.972,P<0.01～0.05)。吸烟者按年龄分组后,年长吸烟者(≥60岁,37例)的骨密度和FSH浓度明显低于年轻吸烟者(<60岁,42例),而前者中的血钙和ALP水平也明显高于前者(t=2.065～2.263,P均<0.05)。结论吸烟可使绝经后妇女骨密度明显降低,并引起骨代谢指标紊乱,同时吸烟指数越高和吸烟者年龄越大,这种改变也越明显。     

阿法维生素D对绝经后骨质疏松患者骨密度的影响

为探讨阿法维生素D对绝经后骨质疏松症患者肌密度的影响,将101例60岁以上确诊为骨质疏松女性随机分为A(阿法维生素D+钙)和B(单有钙)两组规律服药6个月后测骨密度(BMD)和碱性磷酸酶(ALP)。A组BMD和ALP均较服药前升高(t=2.316,2.236,P<0.05),B组则无变化。证实阿法维生素D可预防绝经后骨质疏松,增加BMD。     

鲑鱼降钙素对伴骨质疏松髋部骨折骨密度的影响

目的 观察肌注鲑鱼降钙素对并骨质疏松症的髋部骨折患者骨密度的影响。方法对69例髋部骨折的骨质疏松症患者进行为期3个月随机对照研究。用超声骨密度仪测定骨密度。结果治疗组治疗3个月后超声传导速度（SOS）值明显升高（P〈0．05）。对照组与治疗前比较，所测SOS值无明显变化（P〉0．05）。结论鲑鱼降钙素治疗骨质疏松症髋部骨折效果显著。     

绝经后妇女雌激素受体基因多态性与骨密度的相关性

目的:探讨雌激素受体(ER)基因XbaⅠ及PvuⅡ多态性与广州地区部分汉族绝经后妇女骨密度相互关系。方法:随机筛选年龄42～75岁广州汉族妇女157例,采用双能X线吸收法测其全身、腰椎2～4、股骨颈、Ward'三角和大转子区等部位的骨密度值,并采用聚合酶链反应限制性片段长度多态性方法检测其外周血白细胞基因组ER基因型。结果:157例受试对象中,ER基因XbaⅠ及PvuⅡ基因型分布均符合Hardy-Weinberg定律。携带XXPp基因型的个体在多个部位拥有较高的骨密度值,差异有统计学意义。结论:ER基因XbaⅠ及PvuⅡ多态性与广州汉族绝经后妇女的骨密度有一定的相关性,XXPp是一种对骨量有益的基因型。     

Association of physical performance measures with bone mineral density in postmenopausal women

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between physical performance measures and bone mineral density (BMD) in older women. DESIGN: Cross-sectional analysis. SETTING: University research laboratory. PARTICIPANTS: Healthy postmenopausal women (N=116; mean age +/- standard deviation, 68.3+/-6.8y) in self-reported good health who were not taking medications known to affect bone, including hormone replacement therapy. INTERVENTIONS: Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Anthropometrics and BMD of the hip, spine, whole body, and forearm. Physical performance measures included normal and brisk 8-m gait speed, normal step length (NSL), brisk step length (BSL), timed 1-leg stance (OLS), timed sit-to-stand (STS), and grip strength. RESULTS: NSL, BSL, normal gait speed, brisk gait speed, OLS, and grip strength correlated significantly with several skeletal sites ( r range, .19-.38; P <.05). In multiple regression models containing body mass index, hours of total activity, total calcium intake, and age of menarche, NSL, BSL, normal and brisk gait speeds, OLS, and grip strength were all significantly associated with BMD of various skeletal sites (adjusted R 2 range, .11-.24; P <.05). Analysis of covariance showed that subjects with longer step lengths and faster normal and brisk gait speeds had higher BMD at the whole body, hip, and spine (brisk speed only). Those with a longer OLS had greater femoral neck BMD, and those with a stronger grip strength had greater BMD in the whole body and forearm ( P <.05). STS was not related to any skeletal site. CONCLUSIONS: Normal and brisk gait speed, NSL, BSL, OLS, and grip strength are all associated with BMD at the whole body, hip, spine, and forearm. Physical performance evaluation may help with osteoporosis prevention and treatment programs for postmenopausal women when bone density scores have not been obtained or are unavailable.     

Effects of alendronate and risedronate on bone mineral density and bone turnover markers in late postmenopausal women with osteoporosis

This study was undertaken to compare the effects of alendronate and risedronate on bone mineral density (BMD) and bone turnover markers (BTMs) in late postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. Thirty women older than 60 y of age were randomly assigned to receive alendronate 10 mg (n=16) or risedronate 5 mg (n=14) on a daily basis. The patients were followed every 3 mo for 12 mo. BMD measurements were taken at baseline and at the end of the study, and BTMs were measured at 3-mo intervals. By the end of the study, there were statistically significant increases in BMD in both groups at all sites at which they were measured (P < .001). However, these differences were not statistically significant between groups. By the end of the study, all BTMs had decreased significantly and to a similar extent in both groups. The most significant change was observed in the third month of the study. A negative correlation was noted between percentage change in bonespecific alkaline phosphatase and femoral neck BMD (r=-0.467). This study reported no difference between the 2 drugs in their effects on BMD and BTMs.     

沈阳地区2288例骨密度测定及骨质疏松症发病率分析

目的：观察沈阳地区健康人群骨密度（BMD）的变化规律及骨质疏松症的发病率，为骨质疏松症的防治提供参考依据。方法：采用GE，LUNAR公司生产的DEXA双能X线骨密度仪对沈阳地区2001～2005年来我院体检的2288例健康受试者进行BMD测定，以同部位、同性别峰值BMD减低2SD为诊断骨质疏松标准，按性别、年龄分组进行统计学分析。结果：沈阳地区男性BMD峰值在30～35岁，女性则在30岁左右，之后BMD开始下降，女性50岁后由于雌激素水平的下降，骨量快速丢失，致使此期男女BMD值差异更大（P〈0．05）。骨质疏松发病率女性高于男性，Ward’s区骨质疏松发生率女性明显高于男性。结论：本分析为沈阳地区骨质疏松症的诊断、防治提供了参考依据。     

Pamidronate increases bone mineral density in women with postmenopausal or steroid-induced osteoporosis

INTRODUCTION: We aimed to determine the efficacy and safety of a cyclic intravenous therapy with pamidronate in patients with postmenopausal or glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. METHODS: We enrolled 86 Austrian female patients with postmenopausal (n = 69, mean age 68.13 +/- 1.14) or glucocorticoid-induced (n = 17, mean age 66.89 +/- 2.03) osteoporosis defined as a T-score of < -2.5 for bone mineral density (BMD) of the lumbar spine L1-L4. Patients received a single intravenous dose of 30 mg pamidronate at 3 months intervals. The per cent change in BMD was primary, whereas the safety and the biological response were secondary endpoints. RESULTS: Seventy-six female patients (88%) completed study. Sixty patients received pamidronate therapy for the treatment of late postmenopausal osteoporosis and 16 patients received the same treatment for glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. At the end of the trial, lumbar spine (L1-L4) BMD increased significantly in patients with postmenopausal osteoporosis (P = 0.000067), whereas in patients with glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis no significant change was observed (P = 0.724). The increase in the Ward's triangle BMD did not reach significance level in postmenopausal women receiving pamidronate (P = 0.0740). However, pamidronate treatment for glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis resulted in a significant increase in Ward's triangle BMD (P = 0.0029). The efficacy of pamidronate treatment for postmenopausal osteoporosis was also reflected in a decrease in circulating biochemical markers for bone formation, including alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin. In addition, pamidronate was well tolerated with no incidence of severe gastrointestinal events. CONCLUSION: Cyclic intravenous administration of pamidronate is well-tolerated therapy in postmenopausal osteoporosis, and increases spinal BMD. Randomized controlled studies with adequate number of patients are needed to test the efficacy of the compound in the treatment of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis.     

运动对绝经后女性骨密度的影响

目的：观察运动对绝经后女性骨密度的影响。方法：绝经后女性106名分为运动组37例和对照组69例。运动组进行广场舞、爬山、慢跑等运动干预,对照组未进行任何干预。采用双能X线吸收仪测试其全身及各部位骨矿含量（BMC）和骨密度（BMD）,并进行比较。结果：运动干预8个月后,运动组全身BMD和BMC值均较干预前及对照组明显增加（P＜0．05）,而对照组全身BMD和BMC值均较8个月前下降,但差异无统计学意义。运动组胸椎的BMD、BMC和盆骨的BMC均较干预前及对照组明显增加（P＜0．05）,而腰椎的BMD、BMC和盆骨的BMD干预后差异无统计学意义;对照组干预后腰椎、盆骨的BMD、BMC均较8个月前明显下降（P＜0．05）,而胸椎的BMD、BMC 8个月前后差异无统计学意义。运动组上肢优势侧BMD、BMC和下肢双侧BMD、BMC均较干预前及对照组明显增加（ P＜0．05）,而上肢非优势侧BMD、BMC干预前后差异无统计学意义;对照组上肢非优势侧BMD、BMC均较8个月前及上肢优势侧BMD明显下降（P＜0．05）,而上肢优势侧BMC和下肢双侧BMD、BMC 8个月前后差异无统计学意义。结论：常规运动可显著提高绝经后女性胸椎 BM D和BM C ,而只能维持其腰椎和盆骨的BM D、BM C;上下肢、优势侧与非优势侧活动不均衡可影响相关部位 BM D和BM C的变化。     

Serum serotonin concentration associated with bone mineral density in Chinese postmenopausal women

Recent studies have shown that circulating serotonin plays a potential role in bone metabolism. However, conflicting results have been reported for the relationship between serum serotonin concentrations and bone mineral density (BMD). We investigated whether the serum serotonin concentrations related to BMD in Chinese postmenopausal women. Serum serotonin and bone turnover concentrations of 117 premenopausal women and 262 asymptomatic postmenopausal women were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. BMD at the lumbar spine and femoral neck was measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. The relationship between serotonin and BMD was investigated. The postmenopausal women had lower mean serum serotonin concentrations compared to the premenopausal women. Serotonin concentrations were negatively associated with age, weight, BMI, fat mass, and β-CTX concentrations in postmenopausal women. No significant correlations were found between serotonin and these parameters in premenopausal women. In postmenopausal women, age- and BMI-adjusted serotonin concentrations were positively correlated with BMD of the lumbar spine and femoral neck. Multiple regression analyses showed serum serotonin and β-CTX were the predictors for lumbar spine BMD. Only serum serotonin was the determinant for femoral neck BMD. In conclusion, lower serum serotonin concentrations are linked to low lumbar spine and femoral neck BMD in postmenopausal women.     

血清骨钙素水平与绝经后女性2型糖尿病患者骨密度的关系

目的:探讨血清骨钙素水平与绝经后女性2型糖尿病(type 2 diabetes,T2DM)患者骨密度(bone minaral density,BMD)间的关系。方法:本研究为回顾性分析,共纳入505例绝经后女性,其中T2DM住院患者305例,非糖尿病对照者200例,采用双能X线骨密度仪(DXA)检测腰椎(第2至第4腰椎)、股骨颈和全髋的BMD,同时检测血清骨钙素(osteocalcin,OC)水平。结果:与正常对照组相比,T2DM组患者的血清OC水平显著降低(P<0.05),腰椎、股骨颈、全髋的BMD及体质量指数显著增高(P<0.01)均呈显著负相关;校正年龄、体质量指数和糖尿病病程后,血清OC水平与腰椎及全髋的BMD间仍存在明显的负相关。结论:血清OC水平与绝经后女性T2DM患者腰椎及全髋的BMD密切相关,随着OC水平的升高,BMD呈下降趋势,提示血清OC水平可作为早期筛查绝经后女性T2DM患者骨质疏松的生化指标,结合血清OC水平和BMD能更好地预测绝经后女性T2DM患者的骨质疏松和骨折的风险。     

徐州地区1204例中老年人骨质疏松症流行病学调查

目的 通过测量徐州地区中老年骨密度,分析骨密度的变化规律及骨质疏松症的发病率,为骨质疏松症的防治提供参考依据.方法 采用GE-LUNAR公司生产的双能X线骨密度仪对徐州地区2005-2008年1204例中老年人进行骨密度测定,分别做股骨上端及第2～4腰椎椎体测量,并按5岁为一个年龄组分组.以峰值骨密度减低2.5标准差为诊断骨质疏松症标准,按性别、年龄分组进行统计学分析.结果 徐州地区男、女各部位骨密度逐年降低,女性55岁后骨量下降较男性显著(P＜0.01),骨质疏松发病率女性高于男性.结论 对中老年人应加强普及骨质疏松预防知识,对于55岁女性和65岁男性,同时采取相应干预措施,以减少骨质疏松症的发生.