经直肠高强度聚焦超声系统治疗前列腺癌57例疗效分析

目的：探讨经直肠高强度聚焦超声系统（HIFU）治疗PCa的疗效。方法：使用Sonablate500型经直肠HIFU治疗系统,对57例PCa患者进行HIFU治疗,其中局限性PCa27例,晚期PCa30例。在确定生化复发之前,对局限性PCa仅行经直肠HIFU治疗;对于晚期PCa,在行经直肠HIFU治疗的同时,联合应用内分泌治疗。结果：HIFU治疗平均手术操作时间为111（86～153）min,平均术后住院时间为3.2（2～18）d。平均随访时间18（6～30）个月。局限性PCaHIFU治疗后,生化检查阴性率（PSA（4.0μg/L）在治疗后的1、2、3年分别为86%、81%和79%。30例晚期PCa治疗平均8个月（3～24个月）后,26例血清PSA〈4.0μg/L（其中20例血清PSA〈0.5μg/L）、21例患者前列腺体积缩小〉50%。治疗后6个月时与治疗前相比,前列腺体积缩小、PSA水平降低、Qmax增加及IPSS改善差异均有显著性（P〈0.05）。HIFU治疗后无严重尿道直肠瘘、尿失禁等并发症发生。结论：经直肠HIFU治疗PCa,安全、有效,并发症少,近期疗效较好,是一种可选择的PCa微创治疗方法。     

前列腺特异性抗原≤4.0μg/L前列腺癌的诊断

目的:评价直肠指检(DRE)、经直肠超声(TRUS)、游离前列腺特异性抗原/总前列腺特异性抗原(fPSA/t-PSA)、前列腺特异性抗原密度(PSAD)对前列腺特异性抗原(PSA)≤4.0μg/L PCa的诊断价值。方法:回顾性分析1996年4月至2012年12月解放军总医院超声科PSA≤4.0μg/L的前列腺穿刺患者共343例,年龄30~91岁。将患者按PSA含量0.0~1.0μg/L、1.1~2.0μg/L、2.1~3.0μg/L、3.1~4.0μg/L分为4组,评价DRE、TRUS、f-PSA/t-PSA、PSAD在不同PSA水平下PCa患者中的诊断价值,同时按年龄分为5组:≤49岁、50~59岁、60~69岁、70~79岁、≥80岁,评价不同PSA水平下不同年龄患者PCa的检出率。结果:343例患者中,共检出PCa 65例,检出率19.0%。PSA含量0.0~1.0μg/L、1.1~2.0μg/L、2.1~3.0μg/L、3.1~4.0μg/L时PCa的检出率分别为16.28%(21/129)、17.17%(17/99)、21.82%(12/55)、25.00%(15/60)。PSA≤2.0μg/L时,f-PSA/t-PSA比值在PCa和非PCa患者中没有明显差异(P0.05),而PSA2.0μg/L时有明显差异(P0.05)。而PSAD值在PCa组与非PCa组中分别为(0.09±0.16)μg/L/ml、(0.06±0.07)μg/L/ml,没有明显差异(P0.05)。随着PSA含量的升高,PCa的检出率相应升高,各年龄段的检出率没有明显差异(P0.05)。结论:当PSA含量在2.1~4.0μg/L时,若DRE/TRUS异常,则应引起重视,定期随访,监测PSA变化;若f-PSA/t-PSA≤0.15,伴或不伴DRE/TRUS异常,均应该行前列腺穿刺活检,以明确诊断。而对于PSA在0.0~2.0μg/L时,DRE、TRUS、f-PSA/t-PSA比值和PSAD均不能有效诊断PCa。     

非特异性肉芽肿性前列腺炎的诊治体会(附32例报告)

目的:探讨非特异性肉芽肿性前列腺炎(NSGP)的诊断和治疗方法。方法:2000年9月～2006年5月共诊治NSGP32例,均采用经直肠超声(TRUS)引导下穿刺活检病理确认后,给予抗生素等药物治疗。结果:NSGP的基本病理形态特征是以导管或腺泡为中心的肉芽肿。32例随访6～48个月,平均24个月。排尿刺激症状及梗阻症状好转,Qmax提高至15.0～24.0ml/s,3例尿潴留患者经治疗后,Qmax分别为12.0、14.5和16.5ml/s。直肠指检前列腺硬结缩小至0.5cm×1.0cm左右,质地变软,但恢复较慢,可达12个月。血PSA降至1.3～11.5μg/L,其中17例<4μg/L。4例于治疗后6～12个月症状复发,血PSA上升,经再次抗炎治疗,症状缓解,2例PSA<4μg/L;2例PSA仍>4μg/L,但未发现PCa。结论:TRUS引导下穿刺活检是确诊NSGP的方法;抗生素加用α受体阻断剂可明显缓解症状;对于梗阻症状严重,合并尿潴留患者可行经尿道电切术。     

康士得联合睾丸切除治疗晚期前列腺癌

目的 :观察康士得治疗晚期前列腺癌 (PCa)的疗效。方法 :应用康士得联合睾丸切除治疗晚期PCa和缓退瘤抵抗患者。结果 :① 10例原发PCa治疗 3个月 ,血清前列腺特异抗原 (PSA)降至 (4 .6 7± 2 .5 8) μg/L ,与治疗前比较差异有极显著性意义 (P <0 .0 1)。其中 8例完全降至正常 ,2例下降 >90 %。患者临床症状均改善 ,前列腺体积明显缩小 (P <0 .0 1)。治疗 12～ 18个月 ,无一例出现PSA反跳。② 2例缓退瘤抵抗患者 ,改服康士得后 ,PSA最大降幅分别为 76 %和 81% ,显示对继续阻断雄激素依然有效。结论 :康士得联合睾丸切除治疗晚期PCa有较好疗效。     

经直肠高强度聚焦超声治疗局限性前列腺癌(附36例报告)

目的 总结经直肠高强度聚焦超声(high-intensity focused ultrasound,HIFU)治疗局限性前列腺癌的临床经验并评估其有效性及安全性. 方法 使用Sonablate-500聚焦超声系统对36例局限性前列腺癌患者进行治疗,观察患者治疗时耐受情况,监测治疗后3、6、12个月时的血清前列腺特异性抗原(PSA)、直肠指诊(DRE)、最大尿流率(Qmax)及经直肠前列腺B超情况,治疗后6～12个月行经直肠前列腺穿刺活检. 结果 平均手术操作时间41 min(25～76 min),平均术后住院时间3.4 d (2～9 d).治疗后3、6、12个月时PSA与治疗前相比均明显降低(P＜0.05),Qmax较治疗前均增加(P＜0.05),前列腺体积较治疗前均缩小(P＜0.05),DRE发现结节消失或减小的占77.8%(28/36),B超提示低回声结节消失或缩小的占83.3%(30/36).治疗后3、6、12个月各项检查结果差异无统计学意义(P>0.05). 结论 HIFU治疗前列腺癌具有微创、安全、痛苦少、效果好、恢复快和并发症少等优点,对于无法耐受根治性前列腺切除术的局限性前列腺癌患者可考虑行HIFU治疗.     

高强度聚焦超声系统治疗局限性前列腺癌（附26例报告）

目的探讨高强度聚焦超声系统(HIFU)治疗局限性前列腺癌的有效性及安全性。方法使用Sonablate-500聚焦超声系统对26例局限性前列腺癌患者进行治疗,观察术后3、6、12个月时的血清前列腺特异性抗原(PSA)、直肠指诊及经直肠B超情况。结果平均手术操作时间48min(28～86min),平均术后住院时间3.2d(2～9d)。治疗后3、6、12个月PSA与治疗前相比有显著降低(P<0.05),直肠指诊发现结节消失或减小的占73.3%(11/15),B超提示:低回声结节消失或缩小的占76.9%(20/26)。治疗后3、6、12个月各项检查结果经统计学检验无显著性差异。结论HIFU可以安全、有效杀死前列腺癌细胞,在治疗局限性前列腺癌方面具有美好的应用前景。     

PSA筛查在会阴Paget病中的价值

目的:探讨前列腺特异性抗原(PSA)筛查在会阴Paget病中的价值。方法:回顾性分析2003年1月~2012年12月在我院治疗的63例会阴Paget病患者临床资料。本组患者术前均行PSA检测,对于血清PSA4μg/L者行经直肠超声引导下前列腺穿刺活检术以明确病理诊断。将本组患者中PSA4μg/L者所占比例和前列腺癌(PCa)的发生率分别与文献报道的一般人群中相应比例进行比较。结果:本组63例患者均经病理证实为Paget病。19例(30.2%)患者肿瘤浸润至真皮层,2例(3.2%)累及提睾肌,4例切缘阳性。术前血清PSA4μg/L者14例,在全组患者中所占比例(22.2%),明显高于一般人群中PSA筛查时血清PSA4μg/L的比例(6.7%)。14例血清PSA4μg/L的Paget病患者中6例(42.9%)经前列腺穿刺活检证实合并有PCa,其发生率远高于PSA4μg/L的一般人群中PCa的发生率(25%~30%)。结论:与一般人群相比,会阴Paget患者更容易发生PCa,其具体机制有待进一步研究。     

经尿道前列腺切除及去势术联合89Sr和药物治疗晚期前列腺癌

目的 评价姑息性经尿道前列腺切除及去势术联合~(89)Sr和药物治疗晚期前列腺癌(PCa)的疗效。方法 对8例晚期PCa患者行姑息性经尿道前列腺电气化切除(TUEVP)及睾丸切除术后,给予~(89)Sr锶(~(89) ~(Sr))和服用缓退瘤或磷酸雌二醇氮芥治疗,随访了2—4年。结果 病人前列腺症状评分(IPSS)平均下降50％,平均最大尿流率(Qmax)由(5.4±2.1)ml/s增加到(15.3±3.0)ml/s。血清PSA由治疗前的平均53.4μg/L降至~(89) ~(Sr)治疗后第3个月末的平均3.6μg/L。随访8例中,生存6例,死亡2例。转移性骨痛缓减率达100％,6例生存者的原发灶和转移灶明显缩小或消失,5例中存已超过3.5年,1例超过3年。结论 该方法可明显提高晚期PCa患者的生活质量并延长生存期,是治疗晚期PCa较有效的方法。     

直肠指检对PSA、F-PSA影响的研究

目的 :探讨直肠指检对前列腺特异抗原 (PSA)、游离前列腺特异抗原 (F PSA)的影响及其持续的时间。方法 :本组 5 1例 ,每例分别于直肠指检前、直肠指检后 1天、1周、4周抽取静脉血 2ml,采用放射免疫法测定PSA、F PSA。结果 :本组 5 1例直肠指检前血清PSA值为 0 .18～ 9.4μg/L ,平均2 .5 8± 2 .17μg/L ,F PSA值为0 .0 9～ 1.89μg/L ,平均0 .5 3± 0 .42 μg/L ,F/T比值为0 .0 6～ 0 .83,平均 0 .2 6± 0 .15 ;直肠指检后 1天、1周及 4周 ,PSA、F PSA及F/T比值虽然有所增高 ,但经统计学处理均无显著性意义。直肠指检前PSA <4.0 μg/L者 38例 ,PSA值平均为 1.5 0± 0 .92 μg/L ,PSA值≥4.0 μg/L者 13例 ,PSA值平均为5 .76± 1.5 4μg/L ;直肠指检后 1天、1周、4周 ,PSA、F PSA及F/T比值与检查前相比仍然没有统计学意义。结论 :只要检查过程中避免对前列腺作出强烈的挤压 ,常规的直肠指检对PSA、F PSA的影响极其轻微 ,且时间较短。     

去势加间歇性雄激素阻断治疗晚期前列腺癌

目的：探讨去势加间歇性雄激素阻断(ISA)治疗晚期前列腺癌(PCa)的临床疗效。方法：对30例晚期PCa患者采用睾丸切除术联合应用雄激素阻断剂福呈尔持续治疗平均3个月，待患者主、客观指标好转，PSA＜4μg/L，中断福呈尔治疗，每间隔3个月复查PSA，直至PSA＞20μg/L，恢复第2或第3周期福呈尔治疗。结果：30例晚期PCa患者平均随访36(26—48)个月，12例(40％)生存，18例(60％)死于癌进展或肺部感染、脑血管意外，平均生存30个月。结论：去势加ISA治疗晚期PCa能推迟雄激素依赖性PCa细胞转化为非依赖性细胞的过程，增加雄激素阻断剂的敏感性，从而延长患者生存期。     

Transrectal high-intensity focused ultrasound: minimally invasive therapy of localized prostate cancer

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Criteria for determining the durability of the response to transrectal high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) ablation of prostate cancer have been established by calculating progression-free probability. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A series of 82 patients (mean age 71 +/- 5.7 years) with biopsy-proven localized (stage T1-T2) cancer who were not suitable candidates for radical surgery underwent transfectal HIFU ablation with the Ablatherm machine. The mean follow-up was 17.6 months (range 3-68 months). The mean serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) value and mean prostate volume were 8.11 +/- 4.64 ng/mL and 34.9 +/- 17.4 cm3, respectively. Progression was rigidly defined as any positive biopsy result, regardless of PSA concentration, or three successive PSA increases for patients with a negative biopsy (PSA velocity > or = 0.75). Times to specific events (positive biopsy and PSA elevation) were analyzed with the Kaplan-Meier survival method. RESULTS: Overall, 62% of the patients exhibited no evidence of disease progression 60 months after transrectal HIFU ablation. In particular, the disease-free rate was 68% for the moderate-risk group of 50 patients (PSA < 15.0 ng/mL, Gleason sum < 8, prostate volume < 40 cm3, and number of positive biopsies < 5). For the low-risk group of 32 patients (PSA < 10 ng/mL and Gleason sum < 7), the disease-free survival rate was 83%. CONCLUSION: Transrectal HIFU prostate ablation is an effective therapeutic alternative for patients with localized prostatic adenocarcinoma.     

To what extent does the prostate‐specific antigen nadir predict subsequent treatment failure after transrectal high‐intensity focused ultrasound therapy for presumed localized adenocarcinoma of the prostate?

OBJECTIVE: To explore the association between the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) nadir after transrectal high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) therapy for organ-confined prostate cancer and subsequent treatment failure, as defined by the presence of residual disease at biopsy 6 months after treatment. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between January 1999 and January 2005, 115 patients in a Japanese hospital were treated using a transrectal HIFU system (Sonablate, Focus Surgery, IN, USA) for presumed localized adenocarcinoma of the prostate. All treatments were primary and none of the patients had received hormone therapy. The PSA level was measured at 2-monthly intervals and all patients had a transrectal prostate biopsy taken at 6 months. Multiple logistic regression was used to examine the relationship between PSA nadir and treatment failure, as defined by the presence of disease at biopsy. RESULTS: The PSA nadir was strongly associated with treatment failure (P < 0.001). Patients with a PSA nadir of 0.0-0.2 ng/mL had a treatment failure rate of only 11% (four of 36), compared to 46% (17 of 37) in patients with a PSA nadir of 0.21-1.00 ng/mL and 48% (20 of 42) with a PSA nadir of >1.0 ng/mL. In addition, the PSA nadir was strongly associated with both preoperative PSA level and residual prostate volume. CONCLUSION: There is a clear and intuitive association between the PSA nadir and the risk of treatment failure after HIFU. These data can be used to predict the risk of residual disease in patients with prostate cancer undergoing HIFU therapy. They can also be used to inform where the target PSA nadir should be set for this novel therapy.     

Transrectal high‐intensity focused ultrasound for treatment of localized prostate cancer

Objectives: To assess the long‐term outcomes of transrectal high‐intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) for patients with localized prostate cancer. Methods: From May 2003 to present, 137 consecutive patients with T1‐2 prostate cancer were treated using the Sonablate 500 and then followed for more than 12 months after their last HIFU treatment. A prostate biopsy was routinely carried out at 6 months and serum prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) was measured every 3 months after HIFU. Oncological outcomes as well as treatment‐related complications were assessed. Disease‐free survival (DFS) was judged using the Phoenix definition (PSA nadir + 2 ng/mL), negative histological findings and no local or distant metastasis. Results: The median follow up after HIFU was 36 months (range 12–84 months). No patients received adjuvant therapy during this period. The PSA nadir occurred at 2 months after HIFU and the median level was 0.07 ng/mL (0.01–2.01 ng/mL). Of the 133 patients who underwent prostate biopsy or transurethral resection of the prostate at 6 months or later after HIFU, six were positive for cancer cells (4.5%). There were no major postoperative complications, but urge incontinence (16 cases) and dysuria (33 cases) occurred after removal of the urethral catheter. The 5‐year DFS rate was 78% based on these criteria, and 91%, 81% and 62% in the low‐, intermediate‐ and high‐risk group, respectively. Conclusions: HIFU represents an effective, repeatable and minimally invasive treatment. It is particularly effective for low‐ and intermediate‐risk patients, and it should be considered as an option for localized prostate cancer.     

Control of prostate cancer by transrectal HIFU in 227 patients

PURPOSE: To evaluate the results of high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) treatment of localized prostate cancer with reference to disease-related prognostic factors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients with T1-2 localized prostate cancers, prostate specific antigen (PSA) 1 ng/ml with three consecutive rises. RESULTS: The study included 227 patients. Mean follow-up was 27+/-20 months (12-121 months). Eighty-six percent had negative control biopsies. Median nadir PSA was 0.10 ng/ml. The actuarial 5-year disease-free survival rate (DFSR), combining pathologic and biochemical outcomes, was 66%. DFSR showed a significant decrease when stratified according to initial PSA level: 90% with PSA 相似文献   

超声造影评价高强度聚焦超声治疗局限性前列腺癌早期疗效的临床研究

目的 探讨超声造影对高强度聚焦超声（HIFU）治疗局限性前列腺癌早期疗效评价的应用价值.方法 采用HIFU-2001型高强度聚焦超声肿瘤治疗系统,对17例局限性前列腺癌进行治疗.治疗前及治疗后1个月分别行超声造影检查,观察瘤体内部及周边组织血流灌注信号特点,据此判定疗效.同时根据直肠指检、经直肠前列腺B超检查前列腺肿块大小、血清PSA等结果进行客观疗效判定.将两疗效判定结果进行对比分析.结果 HIFU治疗前,所有前列腺低回声结节均呈快速高增强.HIFU治疗后,超声造影显示治疗有效15例,其中无增强12例、少量低增强3例;无效2例,仍表现为快速高增强.客观疗效判定有效15例,血清PSA下降幅度均≥50%,其中2例前列腺结节体积缩小≥50%;无效2例,血清PSA、前列腺低回声结节大小体积均与治疗前水平相当.客观疗效判定结果与超声造影结果相符.结论 超声造影能准确显示HIFU治疗局限性前列腺癌的消融范围及程度,是评价早期治疗效果的可靠方法.     

全雄激素阻断治疗晚期前列腺癌

为了评价全雄激素阻断治疗晚期前列腺癌的疗效，采用双侧睾丸切除、Ｆｌｕｔａｍｉｄｅ和Ｆｉｎａｓｔｅｒｉｄ联合治疗Ｄ２期前列腺癌病人５例。随访１５～２０个月，结果ＰＳＡ均正常，前列腺体积缩小６１．２％～６９．３％，有显著性差异（Ｐ＜０．０１），骨转移灶缩小、部分消失，积水肾脏完全恢复正常，所有病人治疗后全部有效。表明全雄激素阻断对晚期前列腺癌有良好的治疗效果。提出在三个层次上阻断雄激素治疗晚期前列腺癌的策略。     

Measurement of serum zinc improves prostate cancer detection efficiency in patients with PSA levels between 4 ng/mL and 10 ng/mL

Aim： To investigate whether the measurement of serum zinc may improve the detection of prostate cancer （PCa） in men who had total prostate-specific antigen （PSA） levels higher than 4.1 ng/mL. Methods： A mass screening for PCa of 3940 men over 50 years old was undertaken using total serum PSA. Of the 190 men （4.8 %） with elevated PSA, 143 （3.6 %） underwent a transrectal ultrasonography （TRUS）-guided biopsy of the prostate, and 42 men （1% of total and 29.3 % of men undergoing biopsy） were found to have cancer. The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves （ROC-AUC） were used to compare the diagnostic power of cancer detection by means of serum zinc, and free PSA/total PSA ratio （fit）. Results： The men with levels of serum zinc that ranged from 40 ng/mL-60 ng/mL, had an age-adjusted odds ratios（OR） of 5.0. A cutoff value of 100 gg/mL for-serum zinc concentration provided a sensitivity of 90.5 % and a specificity of 32.7 % in elevated PSA range, and a sensitivity of 93.3 % and specificity of 27.1% in gray zone, respectively. In the gray zone ranges of 4.1 ng/mL-10.0 ng/mL, the ROC-AUC for zinc was 73.0 % higher than 62.7 % of f/t PSA ratio and 56.7 % of total PSA. Conclusion： PCa displays a lower serum zinc concentration. The measurement of zinc levels improves PCa detection in the gray zone compared with the f/t PSA ratio and total PSA. （Asian J Androl 2005 Sep; 7： 323-328）     

A (-5, -7) proPSA based artificial neural network to detect prostate cancer

OBJECTIVE: The pro-forms of prostate specific antigen (-2,-5,-7 proPSA) and also %free PSA based artificial neural networks (ANN) have been suggested to enhance the discrimination between prostate cancer (PCa) and no evidence of malignancy (NEM). This study reports on the combined use of proPSA within a %free PSA based ANN to enhance specificity of PCa. METHODS: Serum samples from 898 patients with PCa (n=384) or NEM (n=514) within the PSA range 1-10 microg/l were analyzed for PSA, free PSA and (-5,-7) proPSA (Roche assays). Patient data from two centers - taken first from the Swiss site of the ERSPC (Aarau) and from a referral population (Berlin) have been analyzed. Leave-one-out ANN models with the variables PSA, %fPSA, proPSA, prostate volume and status of digital rectal examination (DRE) were constructed and compared by receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. RESULTS: (-5,-7) proPSA was only significantly different between NEM and PCa in the PSA range 4-10 microg/l. Within the PSA range 4-10 microg/l (Berlin group) the ANN including only the two variables %fPSA and proPSA could reach the same performance like the conventional ANN with PSA, %fPSA, age, prostate volume and DRE (both AUCs: 0.84) However, at 95% sensitivity all ANN could not improve specificity compared to %fPSA. CONCLUSIONS: ProPSA as single parameter did not improve specificity over %fPSA whereas proPSA and %fPSA within an ANN in the PSA range 4-10 microg/l substituted prostate volume and DRE. At 95% sensitivity only ANN with prostate volume and DRE perform significantly better than %fPSA.     

Results and side effects of high-intensity focused ultrasound in localized prostate cancer

At the time of diagnosis, prostate cancer is organ confined in 70% of the cases. A quarter of these patients undergo local therapy (surgery/radiation); 75% risk disease progression by "watchful waiting" or systemic side effects through hormonal ablation. Local high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU), as minimal invasive tissue coagulation (85 degrees C), ablates prostatic tissue with high precision. Since April 1996, 184 patients have undergone 232 sessions of transrectal HIFU therapy (average 90 min) under spinal anesthesia at 2.25/3.0 MHz, 50 W, and a penetration depth of 25 mm. The follow-up serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) concentration, sextant biopsies, International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), quality of life measures (QoL), and complaint registration provide the foundation for this clinical evaluation. Follow-up sextant biopsies (an average of 1.9) showed 80% of the patients to be cancer free. In men with residual cancer, the tumor mass was reduced more than 90%. The PSA nadir in 97% was <4 ng/mL, including 61% with values <0.5 ng/mL. After primary HIFU, no severe side effects (fistula, second or third grade incontinence, rectal mucosal burns) occurred. All patients had a suprapubic tube (average 29 days), and 33% needed a transurethral debris resection averaging 7 g. They were discharged within 23 hours. According to the short-term follow-up transrectal HIFU enables minimal invasive local prostate tissue ablation with high rates of negative biopsies, low PSA nadir, and low complication rate.     

Transrectal high-intensity focused ultrasound in the treatment of localized prostate cancer: a multicenter study

We report a multicenter trial with transrectal high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) in the treatment of localized prostate cancer. A total of 72 consecutive patients with stage T1c-2NOM0 prostate cancer were treated using the Sonablate 500TM HIFU device (Focus Surgery, Indianapolis, USA). Biochemical recurrence was defined according to the criteria recommended by the American Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology Consensus Panel. The median age and prostate specific antigen (PSA) level were 72 years and 8.10 ng/ml, respectively. The median follow-up period for all patients was 14.0 months. Biochemical disease-free survival rates in all patients at 1 and 2 years were 78% and 76%, respectively. Biochemical disease-free survival rates in patients with stage T1c, T2a and T2b groups at 2 years were 89, 67% and 40% (p = 0.0817). Biochemical disease-free survival rates in patients with Gleason scores of 2-4, 5-7 and 8-10 at 2 years were 88, 72% and 80% (p = 0.6539). Biochemical disease-free survival rates in patients with serum PSA of less than 10 ng/ml and 10-20 ng/ml were 75% and 78% (p = 0.6152). No viable tumor cells were noted in 68% of patients by postoperative prostate needle biopsy. Prostatic volume was decreased from 24.2 ml to 14.0 ml at 6 months after HIFU (p < 0.01). No statistically significant differences were noted in International Prostate Symptom Score, maximum urinary flow rate and quality of life analysis with Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy. HIFU therapy appears to be minimally invasive, efficacious and safe for patients with localized prostate cancer with pretreatment PSA levels less than 20 ng/ml.