Neutropenic enterocolitis (typhilitis) associated with docetaxel therapy in a patient with non-small-cell lung cancer: case report and review of literature

Neutropenic enterocolitis (NE) is an unusual acute complication of neutropenia, most often associated with leukemia and lymphoma which is characterized by segmental cecal and ascending colon ulceration that may progress to necrosis, perforation, and septicemia. We present a case of neutropenic enterocolitis in a patient with non-small-cell lung cancer who received docetaxel and flavopiridol as part of a phase I clinical trial and review cases in the literature where docetaxel was involved. Given the increased use of docetaxel and other taxanes in the treatment of advanced lung cancer, physicians should be aware of this potential toxicity of therapy.     

残胃癌的临床诊断和外科治疗

目的：总结残胃癌的临床诊断和改进残胃癌的外科治疗效果。方法：回顾性分析我科1995年1月-2005年12月间收治的36例残胃癌的发病情况、临床表现及治疗结果。结果：首次胃切除病因以消化性溃疡为主（35例,占97.2%）,首次手术B-Ⅱ式29例,占80.6%。确诊残胃癌距首次胃切除手术时间平均为17.5年。残胃癌发生于胃肠吻合口者占58.0%,发生于残胃小弯者占35.9%,发生于贲门者占6.1%,根治性切除手术占58.3%（21例）。结论：良性胃十二指肠病变行胃切除手术治疗时应以B-Ⅰ式或Roux-en-Y吻合为首选,B-Ⅱ式吻合需加Braun吻合较为合理。对残胃癌高危人群应定期行胃镜检查,早期诊断、早期根治性手术切除是提高残胃癌预后的关键。     

膀胱绒毛管状腺瘤的临床诊治

目的:提高对膀胱绒毛管状腺瘤治疗的认识。方法:回顾性分析2012至2017年4例膀胱绒毛管状腺瘤患者的临床和病理资料,对其临床表现、病理、预后进行回顾性分析,并结合文献复习。结果:4例患者（3男1女）膀胱镜检查提示肿瘤位于膀胱后顶壁（3例）、前壁（1例）。患者均行手术治疗,术后石蜡病理均确诊为“膀胱绒毛管状腺瘤,恶变”,术后均进行吉西他滨膀胱灌注治疗,规律治疗两年,并要求患者前两年每3~6个月复查膀胱镜,第3年后每半年到1年复查,随访6~50个月,2例患者无复发,1例患者复发,1例患者失访,失访前无复发（50个月）。结论:绒毛管状腺瘤累及泌尿系统较少见,临床表现常为膀胱内占位性病变的相关症状或体征,常伴发恶变,因此临床上遇此种类似病例应尽早行病理活检,尽早手术,术后规律进行膀胱灌注治疗。     

小肝癌的临床诊断与个体化治疗

目的探讨小肝癌的临床诊断与个体化治疗方案。方法回顾性分析2007年1月至2009年1月在东莞市人民医院治疗的53例小肝癌患者的临床资料,总结小肝癌患者个体化诊治的经验。结果53例中手术切除35例,其中肿瘤位置较深而术中无法扪及18例,15例联合B超定位,3例术中体内标志联合CT／MRI定位。2例手术切除者因上消化道大出血及肝功能衰竭于术后2个月内死亡。微创治疗18例,其中射频消融术（RFA）13例,无水酒精注射术（PEI）3例,肝动脉化疗栓塞术（TA—CE）2例。手术切除组和微创治疗组3年生存率分别为75．2％和71．3％;1、2、3年复发率分别为13．3％、24．5％、37．1％和17．4％、31．8％、41．6％,差异均无统计学意义（均P〉0．05）。结论小肝癌的早期诊断应注意乙肝病史,同时结合多种检查及密切随访综合判断。术中B超和体内标志联合CT／MRI能准确定位微小病灶。小肝癌的治疗应制定个体化的治疗方案。     

Castleman病临床特征及诊疗

 Castleman病是一种少见的,可累及全身的,淋巴结非肿瘤性增生的疾病。近年来有发病率上升趋势,因其术前诊断困难,误诊率较高,越来越受到临床医师的关注。通过临床工作实践,并复习分析相关文献资料,对该病的临床特征及诊疗进行初步总结。     

低级别子宫内膜间质肉瘤的临床诊治探讨

为了探讨低级别子宫内膜间质肉瘤(LESS)的临床病理学特征、诊断和鉴别诊断,分析10例LESS的临床病理特点、网织纤维染色和免疫组化染色研究其病理学特征。结果显示,LESS临床上主要表现为阴道不规则流血;瘤细胞类似于增生期子宫内膜间质细胞,形态较一致,圆形或卵圆形,少数为短梭形,胞质较少,胞核圆形或不规则形,核染色质较细;肿瘤内有大量丛状生长的分支状小的、薄壁的血管,类似于子宫内膜的螺旋动脉,部分肿瘤血管透明变性呈星状或放射状结构;网织纤维染色见网状纤维丰富,围绕瘤细胞生长。肿瘤细胞8例CD10阳性,6例ER阳性,6例PR阳性,2例Actin阳性,CD34、CD117和Melan-A肿瘤细胞均阴性。初步研究结果提示,LESS易误诊为子宫内膜间质结节、未分化子宫内膜间质肉瘤、富于细胞性平滑肌瘤、静脉内平滑肌瘤病及血管周上皮样细胞肿瘤,确诊主要依靠组织病理学和免疫组织化学。     

Neutropenic enterocolitis

We report a case of neutropenic enterocolitis diagnosed on computerized tomography abdomen in a 56-year-old man having high-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. After appropriate management, the patient recovered completely.     

Neutropenic enterocolitis: two case reports of long-term survival following surgery.

We report two cases of neutropenic enterocolitis with long-term survival following surgery. This favorable outcome was related to three major factors: recognition of the acute surgical abdomen, appropriately timed surgical intervention, and a prompt postoperative return of normal circulating white cells.     

Neutropenic enterocolitis in patients with acute leukemia: prognostic significance of bowel wall thickening detected by ultrasonography.

PURPOSE: Neutropenic enterocolitis (NE) is a severe complication of intensive chemotherapy and is barely identifiable by clinical signs alone. Ultrasonography (US) supports the diagnosis of NE by showing pathologic thickening of the bowel wall. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic value of the degree of mural thickening evaluated by US in patients with clinically suspected NE. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Neutropenic patients with fever, diarrhea, and abdominal pain after intensive chemotherapy for hematologic malignancies were studied with abdominal US. We evaluated the degree of bowel wall thickening detected by US and its correlation with the duration of the clinical syndrome as well as NE-related mortality. RESULTS: Eighty-eight (6%) of 1,450 consecutive patients treated for leukemia had clinical signs of NE. In 44 (50%) of 88 patients, US revealed pathologic wall thickening (mean +/- SD, 10.2 +/- 2.9 mm; range, 6 to 18). The mean duration of symptoms was significantly longer in this group (7.9 days) than among patients without mural thickening (3.8 days, P <.0001), and the NE-related mortality rate was higher (29.5% v 0%, P <.001). Patients with bowel wall thickness of more than 10 mm had a significantly higher mortality rate (60%) than did those with bowel wall thickness < or = 10 mm (4.2%, P <.001). CONCLUSION: Symptomatic patients with sonographically detected bowel wall thickening have a poor prognosis compared with patients without this finding. In addition, mural thickness of more than 10 mm is associated with poorer outcome among patients with NE.     

垂体转移癌的临床诊治

目的:通过1例肺癌垂体转移病例报道,回顾分析本院另1例影像学诊断为垂体转移癌的病例,并复习相关文献,总结垂体转移癌的临床特点.方法:分析2例垂体转移癌的临床资料,整理复习近期国内外关于垂体转移癌的相关文献.结果:垂体转移癌患者临床表现多为尿崩、头痛、视物模糊等眼部症状,病情通常进展较快.影像学表现为鞍区骑跨鞍隔生长而呈“哑铃状”浸润性肿瘤.结论:患者出现垂体异常增大或伴有垂体病变的临床症状时,首先要考虑垂体转移,垂体转移癌病人预后极差.     

原发性阑尾肿瘤临床诊治分析

目的探讨原发性阑尾肿瘤的诊断与治疗问题。方法结合国内外文献对1963～1998年收治的41例原发性阑尾肿瘤进行回顾性分析。结果类癌17例，粘液性肿瘤15例，腺癌9例。发病率0.40%。均经手术治疗，术前误诊率97.6%，术中诊断率仅31.7%。结论阑尾肿瘤缺乏特异表现，与阑尾炎症密切相关，误诊率极高。钡灌肠及B超有助于诊断，强调术中冰冻切片的重要性。手术为主要的治疗方法，术式选择是影响预后的关键因素。     

哑铃型椎管肿瘤的临床诊治分析

目的　探讨哑铃型椎管肿瘤的临床特征以及诊疗方法。方法　回顾性分析我院自１９９８至２００８年１０年间收治的２８例哑铃型椎管肿瘤患者的临床资料。结果　２８例哑铃型椎管肿瘤患者均经ＭＲＩ和术后组织病理学检查明确诊断,临床特征主要为椎管内压迫症状（根性疼痛、感觉异常、肌无力）和椎管外压迫症状（椎体周围发现包块）。所有病例均行Ⅰ期手术切除,无手术死亡,２３例获得随访,随访７个月～１０年,１８例恢复正常工作。结论　对椎管肿瘤患者应重视临床病史和体格检查;ＭＲＩ检查在哑铃型椎管内肿瘤的诊断和手术方式的选择上占重要地位;早期诊断、Ⅰ期手术完全切除肿瘤是优选有效的治疗方法。     

乳头状胶质神经元肿瘤的临床诊治

目的:报告1例间变性乳头状胶质神经元肿瘤同时复习文献,归纳总结其诊断要点和治疗策略。方法:12岁患儿间断性头痛1个月就诊,MRI示左侧顶部及丘脑囊实性混杂信号肿块影,予以手术切除。术后病理证实Ki-67 Li约10%,属间变性乳头状胶质神经元肿瘤(WHOⅡ-Ⅲ)。结果:术后患者恢复满意,给予三维适形放射治疗(3D-CRT)57.6Gy/32f。放疗后1个月复查头颅MRI示左颞顶枕部颅骨及头皮软组织呈术后改变,局部未见明显异常对比增强病灶。结论:乳头状胶质神经元肿瘤大多表现良性,肿瘤全切后无复发、转移;增殖指数可能是判断PGNT预后的关键指标,Ki-67较高者术后应行辅助治疗。     

胸腺癌的临床诊治进展

胸腺癌是发病率较低的胸腺上皮肿瘤,较为罕见,侵袭力强,恶性程度高,但临床表现缺乏特征性,术前诊断与恶性胸腺瘤鉴别困难。治疗多采取手术、放疗、化疗的综合治疗,完整切除是最有效的治疗手段,辅助治疗方案多样化,缺乏规范和共识。本文对近年来胸腺癌的分类、分期、分子特征以及临床诊治进展作一综述。     

早期胃癌诊治进展

综合国内外近年来有代表性的早期胃癌(EGC)的文献资料,对EGC的诊断和治疗进展进行总结,探讨色素内镜和放大内镜等对EGC的诊断价值,以及外科手术、内镜下黏膜切除术和腹腔镜下切除术等对EGC的治疗作用.     

胃间质肿瘤临床诊治分析

目的探讨胃间质肿瘤的临床病理诊断、外科治疗以及预后.方法回顾分析8例经过外科手术治疗的胃间质肿瘤患者的临床病理资料.结果手术局部切除4例,类似于胃癌根治手术(D2)4例.良性6例,恶性2例,主要表现为胃黏膜下孤立性包块.绝大多数无黏膜破坏,有黏膜破坏者常常较大并且伴有深入肿瘤的窦道.手术后病理检查无淋巴结转移.免疫组织化学CD117阳性5例,CD34阳性4例.结论肿瘤大体的生长特点有助于该病的诊断及手术治疗方式的选择,细胞学和免疫组织化学可以明确诊断,预后较好.     

椎管内肿瘤的临床诊断及手术治疗效果

目的探讨椎管内肿瘤的临床诊断及手术治疗效果。方法回顾性分析2001年1月至2013年1月间收治的300例椎管内肿瘤患者的临床资料,总结其临床诊断经验及手术治疗效果。结果核磁共振成像(MRI)对椎管内肿瘤的确诊率为100%,高于X射线的确诊率(1.3%)和计算机断层扫描(CT)的确诊率(63.5%,P<0.05)。恶性椎管内肿瘤患者的疼痛、感觉障碍和运动障碍的发生率高于良性椎管内肿瘤患者(P<0.05)。髓外肿瘤患者的疼痛和棘突叩击痛的发生率高于髓内肿瘤患者,而自主神经障碍的发生率低于髓内肿瘤患者(P<0.05)。手术后恶性肿瘤的复发率高于良性肿瘤(36.3%和5.4%,P<0.05)。结论掌握椎管内肿瘤患者常见的临床症状对疾病的诊断和鉴别诊断具有辅助作用。MRI检查是诊断椎管内肿瘤的主要手段,手术是其有效的治疗方法。